Objective: To explore the association between negative life events and smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for prevention and intervention of smartphone addiction among middle school students. Methods: Using cluster sampling, 8 890 students were selected to survey from 27 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 (baseline) and 2023 (followup). Data were collected through selfresigned questionnaires on basic information, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and the Adolescent Selfrating Life Events Checklist. Mixedeffects models were employed to analyze the association. Results: Compared to 2022, the punishment scores of middle school students in 2023 [1.00 (0.00, 6.00) and 1.00 (0.00, 6.00)] decreased (Z=4.27), while the scores of interpersonal stress, learning stress and adaptation [4.00(0.00, 8.00), 4.00(0.00, 8.00); 4.00(1.00, 8.00), 5.00(2.00, 9.00); 2.00 (0.00, 6.00), 3.00 (0.00, 7.00)] increased (Z=-3.04, -8.36, -6.80) (P<0.01). Mixedeffects models revealed a positive doseresponse relationship between negative life events and smartphone addiction (OR=1.08-1.17, P<0.01). Stepwise regression showed independent positive effects of interpersonal stress (OR=1.05), academic stress (OR=1.03), and adaptation stress (OR=1.11) on smartphone addiction (P<0.01). Subgroup analysis of nonaddicted students in 2022 confirmed persistent associations for academic stress (OR=1.03) and adaptation (OR=1.07) (P<0.01). Conclusion Negative life events exhibit a positive doseresponse relationship with smartphone addiction, particularly interpersonal stress, academic stress, and adaptationrelated events.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal association between only-child status and smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide a basis for establishing family intervention measures for smartphone addiction in middle school students. Methods: In October 2022 and October 2023, a preliminary survey and follow-up were conducted among 8 759 middle and high school students from 30 schools in a district of Shenzhen. A self-designed questionnaire was used to determine whether the students were the only-child, and the Chinese Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (C-SAS-SV) was utilized to assess the students smartphone addiction status. A multilevel mixed-effects model and subgroup analysis were applied to examine the association between only-child status and smartphone addiction among middle school students. Results: During 2022 to 2023, the prevalence of smartphone addiction in the cohort of middle school students increased from 24.1% to 25.2%. Compared with only-child, non-only child were more likely to be addicted to smartphones (adjusted model: OR =1.2, 95% CI =1.1-1.4) and also scored higher on smartphone addiction (adjusted model: β =0.9, 95% CI =0.2-1.5)( P <0.05). Subgroup analysis further revealed that compared to baseline, non-only child demonstrated an increased prevalence of smartphone addiction (adjusted model: OR = 1.2 , 95% CI =1.0-1.5) and higher addiction scores (adjusted model: β =0.8, 95% CI =0.2-1.5) after one year( P <0.05). Conclusions Non-only child face higher risk of smartphone addiction. Under the current population policy, it is crucial to address smartphone addiction among middle school students who is not only child.

Objective: To explore the potential causal association between adolescent compulsive behaviour and smartphone addiction based on longitudinal data, so as to provide reference for the establishment of adolescent smartphone addiction interventions. Methods: A preliminary survey and follow-up were conducted on 8 907 middle and high school students in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Compulsive behaviours were measured by using the Mental Health Inventory for Middle School Students-60 Items (MMHI-60), smartphone addiction was assessed by using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version ( SAS- SV), and the associations between compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction were analysed by using multilevel mixed-effects models and subgroup analyses. Results: Smartphone addiction detection rates among middle school students were significantly associated with genders, father s education level, mother s education level, study load subgroups, and whether or not they were single-parent families, and there were statistical differences ( χ 2=17.21-175.34, P <0.05). Students with compulsive behaviours were 2.98 times more likely to develop smartphone addiction than those without compulsive behaviours ( OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.77-3.22, P <0.05). Subgroup analysis of middle school students without smartphone addiction in the first year found that compulsive behaviours significantly predicted smartphone addiction ( OR= 1.76 , 95%CI=1.54-2.01, P <0.05). Conclusion There is a potential causal association between obsessive-compulsive behaviours and smartphone addiction in middle school students, and obsessive-compulsive behaviours in middle school students could significantly predicted the occurrence of smartphone addiction.

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture at Houxi(SI3)and Huantiao(GB30)on the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),and nitric oxide(NO)of NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in L5 spinal nerve root of lumbar disc herniation(LDH)model rats and explore the mechanism of acupuncture in LDH treatment.Methods:Forty specific-pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group,a model group,acupuncture group 1,and acupuncture group 2,with 10 rats in each group.The non-compression nucleus protrusion model was made by puncturing L4-L5 spinous process space and injecting autologous nucleus suspension.Acupuncture at bilateral Shenshu(BL23),Dachangshu(BL25),and Weizhong(BL40)was carried out in acupuncture group 1,and acupuncture at bilateral Houxi(SI3)and Huantiao(GB30)in acupuncture group 2.All rats were treated with balanced reinforcing and reducing needling manipulations,and the needles were retained for 30 min/time with one episode of needling manipulation every 10 min,once a day,14 times in total.The threshold value of paw withdrawal pain was measured by a thermal stimulation pain instrument;the serum NF-κB,iNOS,and NO levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The pathomorphological changes of spinal nerve roots were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining;quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect iNOS mRNA expression in spinal nerve roots;the NF-κB and iNOS protein expression in spinal nerve roots was detected by the immunofluorescence method.Results:Compared with the sham operation group,the threshold of paw withdrawal pain in the model group was decreased,and the expression levels of serum NF-κB,iNOS,and NO were increased;HE staining showed many degenerated and dissolved Schwann cells in spinal nerve roots with vacuolar changes;meanwhile,the expression levels of NF-κB and iNOS proteins,and the iNOS mRNA in spinal nerve roots were increased.Compared with the model group,the paw withdrawal pain thresholds in acupuncture group 1 and acupuncture group 2 were increased,and the increase in acupuncture group 2 was greater(P<0.05);the expression levels of serum NF-κB,iNOS,and NO in acupuncture group 1 and acupuncture group 2 were decreased,especially in acupuncture group 2(P<0.01);the vacuolar changes of spinal nerve roots,and the degeneration and lysis of Schwann cells in acupuncture group 1 and acupuncture group 2 were decreased,which were more obvious in acupuncture group 2;the NF-κB and iNOS protein expression and the iNOS mRNA expression levels in spinal nerve roots of acupuncture group 1 and acupuncture group 2 were decreased,especially in acupuncture group 2(P<0.01).Conclusion:Acupuncture at Houxi(SI3)and Huantiao(GB30)can improve the morphology of spinal nerve roots,inhibit the NF-κB and iNOS protein expression levels in spinal nerve roots and the serum NO level,and relieve the pain caused by inflammation of spinal nerve roots,which may be one of the mechanisms of acupuncture in LDH treatment.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of mesalamine combined with trimebutine maleate in the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome .Methods According to the digital table ,112 patients with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome were randomly divided into control group and observation group , 56 cases in each group .The two groups were given conventional symptomatic treatment ,on this basis ,the control group recieved mesalamine treatment ,the observation group recieved mesalamine combined with trimebutine maleate treat -ment.The two groups were treated for 4 consecutive weeks.The main indicators,clinical efficacy and adverse reaction of the two groups were compared .Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.6％,which was significatnly higher than 78.6％of the control group (χ2 =3.925,P<0.05).The antidiarrheal time,stool recovery time between the two groups had statistically significant differences (t=19.337,18.068,all P<0.05).The mental status,emotional status,diet and sleep status in the two groups were all improved ,the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05),which in the observation group improved more significantly than that in the control group , the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The two groups had no other serious adverse reactions . Conclusion On the basis of conventional treatment ,mesalamine combined with trimebutine maleate in the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome can significantly improve clinical symptoms ,improve clinical curative effect,and it has good safety and great clinical significance .

Objective To investigate the correlation of endoscopic and pathological diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis( CAG) . Methods 108 patients diagnosed as CAG by gastroscopy were selected. Whether the results were consistent with the diagnosis between gastroscope and pathology were observed, and the diagnosis relationship between gastroscopic and histopathological features,and the relationship between CAG and Hp were observed,and the coincidence rates of the diagnostic results by using these two methods were calculated. Results 19 cases of chronic superficial gastritis( CSG) and 89 cases of CAG were diagnosed by pathologic biopsy,and 42 cases of CAG with intes-tinal metaplasia,13 cases with dysplasia. The coincidence rate of CAG between gastroscopic and pathological diagnosis was 82. 41%. 9 cases showed the gastric mucosa in rough and showed granular or nodular changes,meanwhile,7 cases of them with CAG were confirmed by histopathology , following 3 cases of them with intestinal metaplasia ( 33 . 33% ) and 1 case of them with heterosexual hyperplasia(11. 11%). 18 cases showed the change of the color of the gastric mucosa with red and white,and mainly in white,following vascular exposure tested by gastroscope. 13 cases of them (72. 22%) with CAG were confirmed by histopathology,4 cases of them with intestinal metaplasia(22. 22%) and 1 case of them with heterosexual hyperplasia(5. 56%). 14 cases showed gastric mucosal folds flat,thinning or even disappear tested by gastroscope. 10 cases of them(71. 43%) with CAG were confirmed by histopathology,following 4 cases of them with intestinal metaplasia(28. 57%) and 2 cases of them with heterosexual hyperplasia(14. 29%). When the three manifestations of gastroscope were presented,the CAG coincidence rate was more than 70. 00%,and the highest was the rough gastric mucosa with the rate of 77. 78%. When the any two of the manifestations of gastroscope were simultaneously presented,the CAG coincidence rate was more than 80. 00%,and the highest was the rough gastric mucosa and the color of red and white combination with the rate of 88. 00%. When the three of the manifestations of gastroscope were simultaneously presented,the CAG coincidence rate was more than 80. 00%. Hp was positive in 55 cases(50. 93%). 89 cases were diagnosed by pathology,48 cases of them(53. 93%) were Hp positive. In the 42 cases with intestinal metaplasia,24 cases of them(57. 14%) were Hp positive. In 13 cases with dysplasia,9 cases of them(69. 23%) were Hp positive. Conclusion It should be combined with gastroscopy and pathological examination in clinic,and should pay more attention to the typical site biopsy and strengthen the identify of endoscopic morphology, and also standardize the endoscopic operation. It can ultimately improve the diagnostic coincidence rate of the two methods.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of occupational stress on the oxidation/antioxidant capacity in nurses.

METHODSA total of 131 nurses were included as study subjects. The occupational health information collection system (based on the Internet of things) was used for measurement of occupational stress. Levels of hydroxyl free radicals and antioxidant enzymes were determined.

RESULTSThe serum level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was the highest in nurses under the age of 30 and the lowest in those over 45 (P < 0.05). The serum levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and peroxidase (POD) were the highest in nurses of working age less than 5 years, followed by those of 5-15 years, and nurses with more than 25 years' working experience showed the lowest GSH-Px and POD levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, nurses with a university (college) degree had a higher GSH-Px level and a lower POD level compared with those with junior and senior high school degrees (P < 0.05). Job prospects and job control were positive occupational stress factors for SOD. Job hazards were negative occupational stress factors for POD. Psychological satisfaction was negative occupational stress reaction for hydroxyl free radicals. Calmness was positive occupational stress reaction for SOD, and daily stress was a negative one. The positive occupational stress reactions for GSH-Px were psychological satisfaction and job satisfaction, and daily stress was negative reaction.

CONCLUSIONNurses with higher occupational stress have stronger oxidation and weaker antioxidant capacity, which intensifies oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and leads to oxidative stress damage.

Adult ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Nurses ; psychology ; Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; blood ; Stress, Psychological ; blood ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of occupational stress on serum monoamine neurotransmitters in nurses.

METHODSA total of 131 nurses were included as study subjects by stratified cluster sampling. The occupational health information collection system (based on the Internet of things) was used to measure occupational stress. Serum levels of monoamine neurotransmitters were also measured.

RESULTSEpinephrine (E) was negatively correlated with superior support (P < 0.05) and colleague support (P < 0.05). Negative correlation was also found between dopamine (DA) and job prospect (P < 0.05). Level of 5-hydroxytryptamine was negatively correlated with promotion opportunities (P < 0.05). Norepinephrine (NE), E, and DA were all negatively correlated with work satisfaction (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with daily stress (P < 0.01). NE and E were negatively correlated with sufficient confidence (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with physical complaints (P < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between NE and psychological satisfaction (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOccupational stress in nurses is correlated with serum monoamine neurotransmitters, and it may affect serum levels of monoamine neurotransmitters to a certain extent.

Adult ; Biogenic Monoamines ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Middle Aged ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; blood ; Nurses ; psychology ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires