Cornus officinalis,a medicinal and edible plant known for its liver-nourishing properties,has shown promise in inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),crucial indicators of hepatic fibrosis,especially when processed by high pressure wine steaming(HPWS).Herein,this study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of cornus officinalis,both in its raw and HPWS forms,on inflammation and apoptosis in liver fibrosis and their underlying mechanisms.In vivo liver fibrosis models were established by subcutaneous injection of CCl4,while in vitro HSCs were exposed to transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).These findings demonstrated that cornus officinalis with HPWS conspicuously ameliorated his-topathological injury,reduced the release of proinflammatory factors,and decreased collagen deposition in CCl4-induced rats compared to its raw form.Utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer(UHPLC-QTOF-MS)combined with network analysis,we identified that the pharmacological effects of the changed components of cornus officinalis before and after HPWS,primarily centered on the adenosine phosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway.Of note,cornus officinalis activated AMPK and sirtuin 3(SIRT3),promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs through the caspase cascade by regulating caspase3,caspase6 and caspase9.small interfering RNA(siRNA)experiments showed that cornus officinalis could regulate AMPK activity and its mediated-apoptosis through SIRT3.In conclusion,cornus officinalis exhibited the ability to reduce inflammation and apoptosis,with the SIRT3-AMPK signaling pathway identified as a potential mecha-nism underlying the synergistic effect of cornus officinalis with HPWS on anti-liver fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of early exercise intervention on cerebral myelin in cerebral ischemia rats.Methods A total of 18 SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group,the middle cerebral artery occlusion resting group(MCAO-SED)and the middle cerebral artery occlusion exercise group(MCAO-EX),with 6 rats in each group.Except the sham group,the middle cerebral artery occlusion model was prepared by modified Longa line embolization method in other groups.After modeling,rats in the MCAO-EX group were placed on a treadmill for exercise intervention for 28 days.Neurological function was assessed by modified neural function deficit score(mNSS).Infarct volume was detected by MRI scanning(T2),myelin basic protein(MBP)expression was detected by immunofluorescence.Myelin sheath structure was detected by transmission electron microscopy.Western blot assay was used to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein expression.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.Results After 28 days of intervention,compared with the MCAO-SED group,the nerve function recovered well in the MCAO-EX group,infarct volume decreased,myelin integrity increased,MBP fluorescence intensity expression increased and MBP expression level increased.The expression levels of ATF6,p-IRE1,p-PERK and cleaved caspase 3 were significantly decreased,and apoptosis was reduced.Conclusion Early exercise can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis,promote cerebral myelin repair,reduce infarct size and improve nerve function.

Objective To investigate the current status,research hotspots,and emerging trends in the field of TCM treatment for tic disorder(TD);To provide references for relevant research.Methods Literature on the TCM treatment for TD was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data,Web of Science Core Collection,and PubMed databases from January 1,2000 to May 1,2022.NoteExpress 3.7.0.9296 software was used for literature management.VOSviewer 1.6.18 software was utilized to conduct co-occurrence analysis on author,institution,and keyword information.R 4.1.3 was applied to statistically analyze keyword frequency and time distributions and generate visualizations.Results A total of 1 520 articles were included in the analysis,involving 107 core authors.High-frequency keywords included experience of famous doctors,clinical observation,acupuncture,and ear acupoints.Commonly used Chinese herbal medicines included Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Bombyx Batryticatus.Frequently prescribed TCM formulae included Wendan Decoction,Changpu Yujin Decoction,Yinqiao Powder,and Tianma Gouteng Decoction.Conclusion Current research hotspots in this field focus on experience of famous doctors,the clinical efficacy of TCM interventions for TD,and molecular biological mechanism studies.Emerging research trends include external TCM treatment and comorbidity investigations.

The ethical dilemma in scientific research exists at all stages of the scientific research activities among medical graduate students,mainly involving conflicts of interest,clinical trials,animal experiments,and the relationship between teachers and students.If medical graduate students are in the ethical dilemma in scientific research for a long time,their research activities will be greatly affected.By discussing the connotation,evaluation tools,current situation,influencing factors,and improvement measures of ethical dilemmas in scientific research,this paper proposed some suggestions,such as comprehensively investigating the influencing factors of ethical dilemmas in scientific research,and formulating targeted improvement measures,with a view to helping medical graduate students identify and get rid of ethical dilemmas in scientific research,and promote the stability of research activities.

Attention deficit disorder(ADHD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood,which seriously affects the physical and mental health of children.Up to now,the etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD are not clear,which is also the focus of global research.Animal model is an important carrier for basic research of ADHD,but the use of ADHD animal model is still controversial.This paper introduces the main emerging ADHD animal models in the world in recent years and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages.The genetic model,environmental induction model and neurodevelopmental disorder model are introduced and summarized from three aspects:surface validity,construct validity and predictive validity.The purpose of this study is to find a suitable animal model for the basic research of ADHD and to provide reference for the basic research of ADHD in China.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, which seriously affects physical and mental health in children.Its etiology and pathogenesis are complex and have not been fully elucidated.Currently, the theory of Dopamine (DA) deficits has been widely recognized and studied in the international academic community.The DA system is considered as the key to the pathogenesis of ADHD.The causes of DA deficits are complex.In addition to the well-established reuptake disorder caused by abnormal DA transporter function, DA deficits are also associated with the activation of DA vesicle cycle enzymatic inactivation, vesicle transport dysfunction, and receptor dysfunction, which are of great significance in analyzing disease pathogenesis and drug development.This article reviews the research on the causes of DA deficits proposed in recent years based on the theory of DA deficits, aiming to provide ideas and references for the research on the pathogenesis of ADHD in China.

Traditional medications used for treating autoimmune diseases often come with a wide range of adverse effects. Current treatments focus mainly on symptom management, resulting in significant health issues and financial burdens for patients. Recently, clinical research has demonstrated the potential of helminths and their derivatives as effective therapies for autoimmune disorders. Helminths, being a near-natural immunomodulator, exhibit milder effects than broad-spectrum immunosuppressants and corticosteroids, thereby presenting a promising alternative for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, different helminths' therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms and their derivatives in treating autoimmune diseases may vary. Therefore, we aim to review recent clinical advancements in the use of helminths and their derivatives for treating inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and autism spectrum disorder, with a view to offering novel clinical treatment approaches.
Animals ; Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy* ; Helminths ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the HIV genotypic subtypes and molecular transmission clusters among men who have sex with men （MSM） with newly reported HIV infections in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture （Dehong Prefecture）， Yunnan Province， China， between 2010 and 2019. The study aimed to identify potential high-risk transmitters and provide reference data for screening， management， and intervention of infection sources. MethodsPlasma samples from newly reported HIV-positive MSM individuals in Dehong Prefecture between 2010 and 2019 were collected. The viral pol gene fragments were amplified， sequenced， and genotyped. Genetic distances （GD） between pairwise sequences were analyzed and calculated. MEGA 7.0 and Gephi were used for phylogenetic and molecular transmission network analysis. ResultsA total of 159 newly reported HIV infections among MSM were included in the study， with successful genotyping of 100 cases. Nine HIV-1 subtypes were identified， with the most prevalent being CRF01_AE subtype （52%）， followed by CRF07_BC subtype （31%）， CRF55_01B subtype （10%）， and others （7%）. Cluster analysis revealed a total network access rate of 67%， forming three transmission clusters. CRF01_AE subtype formed two transmission clusters with 38 and 3 infected individuals， while CRF07_BC subtypes formed one transmission cluster with 26 infected individuals. The transmission network within the CRF01_AE clusters exhibited a more complex relationship. Significant differences in educational level were observed between the two main transmission clusters. ConclusionThe predominant HIV subtypes among newly reported MSM cases in Dehong Prefecture between 2010 and 2019 were CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC. Significant cultural differences are observed between the main transmission clusters. Continued monitoring of genotypic subtypes and targeted interventions within transmission clusters are warranted.

Animals ; Glycyrrhiza/adverse effects* ; Plant Extracts/toxicity* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sargassum

Sub-threshold depression refers to a psychological sub-health state that fails to meet the diagnostic criteria for depression. Appropriate intervention can improve the state and reduce the risks of disease development. In this paper, we focus on music neurofeedback stimulation improving emotional state of sub-threshold depression college students.Twenty-four college students with sub-threshold depression participated in the experiment, 16 of whom were members of the experimental group. Decompression music based on spectrum classification was applied to 16 experimental group participants for 10 min/d music neural feedback stimulation with a period of 14 days, and no stimulation was applied to 8 control group participants. Three feature parameters of electroencephalogram (EEG) relative power, sample entropy and complexity were extracted for analysis. The results showed that the relative power of α、β and θ rhythm increased, while δ rhythm decreased after the stimulation of musical nerofeedback in the experimental group. The sample entropy and complexity were significantly increased after the stimulation, and the differences of these parameters pre and post stimulation were statistically significant ( < 0.05), while the differences of all feature parameters in the control group were not statistically significant. In the experimental group, the scores of self-rating depression scale(SDS) decreased after the stimulation of musical nerofeedback, indicating that the depression was improved. The result of this study showed that music neurofeedback stimulation can improve sub-threshold depression and may provides an effective new way for college students to self-regulation of emotion.