Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 （TREM2） is expressed in resident non-parenchymal cells （NPCs） and is involved in various pathological processes including liver inflammation and immunoregulation. In recent years， TREM2 has attracted attention in the field of acute and chronic liver diseases， and more and more studies have shown that TREM2 is a potential target for the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases； however， there is a lack of systematic summary for the mechanism of action of TREM2 in acute and chronic liver diseases. Therefore， this article reviews the latest research advances in the regulatory role of TREM2 in acute and chronic liver diseases， in order to provide new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases.

Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is an autoimmune disease characterized by liver parenchymal destruction and chronic fibrosis， and it is often mediated by T cells. The pathogenesis of AIH involves multiple factors， including sex， region， environmental factors， and genetic susceptibility. A notable predisposition is observed in female individuals， and the incidence rate of AIH in female individuals is significantly higher than that in male individuals. This sex difference is associated with various factors， and sex hormones may be an important cause of the female predominance of AIH， although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of AIH will help to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and may provide important clues for developing future treatment methods and prevention strategies. This article reviews the mechanism of action of estrogen and androgen in regulating the pathogenesis of AIH by regulating T cells， in order to provide new ideas and directions for further exploring the potential role of sex hormones in the etiology of autoimmune diseases.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a formidable challenge in modern healthcare, necessitating innovative approaches for its early detection and intervention. This study aimed to enhance the identification of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at risk of developing AD. Leveraging advances in computational power and the extensive availability of healthcare data, we explored the potential of deep learning models for early prediction using medical claims data. We employed a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) deep learning model for predictive modeling of MCI progression across various prediction intervals, extending up to five years post-initial MCI diagnosis. The performance of the BiGRU model was rigorously compared with several machine-learning model baselines to evaluate its efficacy. Using a robust cross-validation methodology, the BiGRU emerged as the top-performing model, achieving an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.833 (95% CI: 0.822, 0.843), an Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUC-PR) of 0.856 (95% CI: 0.845, 0.867), and an F1-Score of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.694, 0.724) for a five-year prediction interval. The results indicate that BiGRU, utilizing longitudinal claims data, reliably predicts MCI-to-AD progression over a lengthy interval following the initial MCI diagnosis, offering clinicians a valuable tool for targeted risk identification and stratification.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of health science popularization in child caregivers by using social media of WeChat and Weibo in China in 2020.Methods:A questionnaire was designed based on the knowledge of children health from January to March 2020, and the public were invited to participate in the survey by visiting the official accounts of WeChat and Weibo of China CDC to analyze the awareness of health related knowledge and the change of daily behaviors in the child caregivers.Results:In the 1 325 child caregivers included in this survey, the awareness rate of chronic disease reexamine was lowest (74.94%), and the awareness rate of quality-oriented education was highest (99.55%). In the 7 questions in the questionnaire, the correct answer rate of the question about the reexamine of chronic disease was <75.00% (below the standard), the correct answer rate to other six questions were all ≥75.00% (above the standard). Logistic regression analysis showed that the education levels of senior high school or technical secondary school, junior college, bachelor's degree, master's degree or above, being worker, business/service personnel, teacher and company employee were the influencing factors for the awareness of the chronic disease related knowledge in child caregivers (all P<0.05). The daily behaviors of child caregivers after acquiring health knowledge were significantly improved (all P<0.001). Conclusions:In the season with high incidence of respiratory diseases, the use of new media platforms, such as WeChat and Weibo, to conduct health education had a good performance, resulting in higher rate of knowledge about healthy parenting and a significant improvement in daily behaviors in child caregivers. The results showed that the health education about the reexamine of chronic diseases in children should be focused on child caregivers with low education level, especially workers, business/service personnel.

Hypoxia is the common characteristic of almost all solid tumors,which prevents therapeutic drugs from reaching the tumors.Therefore,the development of new targeted agents for the accurate diagnosis of hypoxia tumors is widely concerned.As carbonic anhydrase Ⅸ(CA Ⅸ)is abundantly distributed on the hypoxia tumor cells,it is considered as a potential tumor biomarker.4-(2-Aminoethyl)benzenesulfo-namide(ABS)as a CA Ⅸ inhibitor has inherent inhibitory activity and good targeting effect.In this study,Ag2S quantum dots(QDs)were used as the carrier to prepare a novel diagnostic and therapeutic bio-probe(Ag2S@polyethylene glycol(PEG)-ABS)through ligand exchange and amide condensation reaction.Ag2S@PEG-ABS can selectively target tumors by surface-modified ABS and achieve accurate tumor im-aging by the near infrared-Ⅱ(NIR-Ⅱ)fluorescence characteristics of Ag2S QDs.PEG modification of Ag2S QDs greatly improves its water solubility and stability,and therefore achieves high photothermal sta-bility and high photothermal conversion efficiency(PCE)of 45.17％.Under laser irradiation,Ag2S@PEG-ABS has powerful photothermal and inherent antitumor combinations on colon cancer cells(CT-26)in vitro.It also has been proved that Ag2S@PEG-ABS can realize the effective treatment of hypoxia tumors in vivo and show good biocompatibility.Therefore,it is a new efficient integrated platform for the diagnosis and treatment of hypoxia tumors.

Gait deficits and balance disturbances are prevalent clinical features in Parkinson′s disease (PD). There is an increasing body of evidence pointing towards the degeneration of central cholinergic neurons as a crucial factor leading to these disturbances in PD. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the relevant research on the involvement of the central cholinergic system in the mechanisms underlying gait deficits and balance disturbance in PD. The aim is to provide new perspectives and insights for the treatment of gait deficits and balance disturbances in PD.

Objective:To investigate the analgesic effect and quality of awakening of esketamine in patients undergoing laparoscopic total hysterectomy.Methods:100 patients who underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy in our hospital from Mar. 2021 to Mar. 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group ( n=50) and the control group ( n=50) . The observation group were injected esketamine during the operation, and the control group were injected an equal amount of saline. Anesthesia induction, maintenance and postoperative analgesic medication were kept the same in both groups. The hemodynamic indexes of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the two groups were monitored at the moment of entering the room (T0) , the moment of saline/exketamine infusion (T1) , the moment of surgical skin incision (T2) , the moment of skin suture (T3) , the moment of tracheal extubation (T4) , and the moment of exiting the operating room (T5) ; The recovery time of spontaneous respiration, the time of awakening and the time of extubation were counted, and the quality score (steward score) of the awakening was calculated. Exercise and resting visual analog scores (VAS scores) at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 8 h after surgery for the two groups of patients were recorded; The number of cases using rescue analgesics after surgery, and the number of times using patient’s self-control intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pumps were counted; The number of patients who experienced adverse reactions (nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, bradycardia, chills, drowsiness) after surgery were recorded and the incidence rate was calculated. The number of patients was counted and the incidence rate was calculated. Results:The differences in the hemodynamic indexes HR and MAP between the two groups at T0, T1, T2 and T3 were not statistically significant (both P>0.05) . Compared with the control group, the observation group had a significant decrease in the hemodynamic indexes HR at T4 and T5 (101.87 times/min vs 91.67 times/min) (91.53 times/min vs 83.13 times/min) (both P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in the exercise and resting VAS scores between the two groups at 2 h postoperatively (both P>0.05) . Compared with the control group, MAP was significantly reduced in the observation group at T4 and T5 (102.43 mmHg vs 90.4 mmHg) (94.13 mmHg vs 85.53 mmHg) (both P<0.05) . The difference in the exercise and resting VAS scores between the two groups was not statistically significant at 2 h postoperatively (both P>0.05) ; The exercise VAS scores of the patients in the control group at 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h postoperatively were 3.50, 4.70, and 4.63, respectively, and the resting VAS scores of the patients in the control group were 3.43, 4.20, and 4.40; The exercise VAS scores of the patients in the observation group were 2.53, 3.70, and 4.30; The resting VAS scores of patients in the observation group were 2.10, 2.47 (both P<0.05) . In the control group, the number of cases of postoperative rescue analgesic use and the number of patients’ postoperative analgesic pump presses were 2.01±0.73 and 5.87±1.25, respectively; In the observation group, the number of cases of postoperative rescue analgesic use and the number of patients using PCIA pump were 0.43±0.41 and 1.88±0.68, respectively; The number of postoperative rescue analgesic use and the number of patients using PCIA pump were 0.43±0.41 and 1.88±0.68, respectively (both P<0.05) . In the control group, the postoperative recovery time of spontaneous breathing, awakening time and extubation time were 5.67min, 18.77min and 7.40min respectively, while the postoperative spontaneous breathing recovery time, awakening time and extubation time of patients in the observation group were 4.70min, 13.33min and 4.18min, respectively (both P<0.05) . The steward score of the control group was 4.33, and the steward score of the observation group was 5.42 ( P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in the number and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, bradycardia, chills, or somnolence between the two groups (both P>0.05) . Conclusion:Escitalopram can make the hemodynamics of laparoscopic total hysterectomy patients smooth, reduce postoperative pain, improve the quality of awakening, and reduce adverse reactions.

As we all known,lipid metabolism participate in various diseases extensively.Abnormal lipid metabolism may contribute to hepatic adipose infiltration,diabetes,atherosclerosis and so forth.Accordingly,it is urgent to find chemicals that regulate lipid metabolism.A large number of experimental studies have shown that flavonoids in fructus aurantia are the active components of lowering blood lipids.This article will describe the concept,structure and classification of flavonoids.It will also introduce the mechanism of action of flavonoids in lipid metabolism from various diseases such as atherosclerosis,hypertension and type 2 diabetes.

Older adults have decreased control of body balance with aging and are prone to fall. As the primary point of contact between human body and ground, footwear is critical for stability of older adults. The relationship between shoe characteristics and stability of older adults was systematically reviewed to determine the effect of footwear characteristics on stability of older adults. The results show that wearing shoes with shoelaces or velcro, low heels, wide outsole and appropriate soles, or using vibrating insoles and arch support insoles can help older adults improve their stability. Excessive sole spring and low sole hardness may have adverse effects on stability of older adults. This study can provide theoretical references for older adults to choose shoes reasonably and for the manufacturers to design and make shoes to prevent falls.

Sub-threshold depression refers to a psychological sub-health state that fails to meet the diagnostic criteria for depression. Appropriate intervention can improve the state and reduce the risks of disease development. In this paper, we focus on music neurofeedback stimulation improving emotional state of sub-threshold depression college students.Twenty-four college students with sub-threshold depression participated in the experiment, 16 of whom were members of the experimental group. Decompression music based on spectrum classification was applied to 16 experimental group participants for 10 min/d music neural feedback stimulation with a period of 14 days, and no stimulation was applied to 8 control group participants. Three feature parameters of electroencephalogram (EEG) relative power, sample entropy and complexity were extracted for analysis. The results showed that the relative power of α、β and θ rhythm increased, while δ rhythm decreased after the stimulation of musical nerofeedback in the experimental group. The sample entropy and complexity were significantly increased after the stimulation, and the differences of these parameters pre and post stimulation were statistically significant ( < 0.05), while the differences of all feature parameters in the control group were not statistically significant. In the experimental group, the scores of self-rating depression scale(SDS) decreased after the stimulation of musical nerofeedback, indicating that the depression was improved. The result of this study showed that music neurofeedback stimulation can improve sub-threshold depression and may provides an effective new way for college students to self-regulation of emotion.