OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of Qiangxin decoction on mitochondrion of rats with chronic heart failure （CHF）. METHODS The CHF model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. Modeled rats were divided into model group， Qiangxin decoction low-dose and high-dose groups （12.25， 24.50 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， and chemical medicine group （Sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets， 10.42 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group； control group was set up without treatment. Each group of rats was orally administered with the corresponding medication or normal saline twice a day for 28 consecutive days. After the last medication， the contents of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in serum and phosphatidic acid （PA） and cardiolipin （CL） in myocardial tissue were all detected； the pathological damage and collagen fibrosis of rat myocardial tissue were observed； the apoptosis of myocardial cells was determined； the ultrastructure of myocardial tissue was observed； the protein expressions of mitofusin 1 （Mfn1）， Mfn2， optic atrophy protein 1 （OPA1） and dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1） were all detected in myocardial tissue. RESULTS Compared with control group，the serum content of NT-proBNP， apoptotic rate of myocardial cells， and relative expressions of S-OPA1 and Drp1 proteins were all increased significantly； serum content of ATP，contents of PA and CL， and relative expressions of Mfn1， Mfn2 and L-OPA1 proteins were all significantly reduced （P＜0.05）. There were abnormal membrane tissue structure in various layers of myocardial tissue， degeneration and necrosis of myocardial cells， and severe fibrosis； the mitochondria were swollen， with reduced or absent cristae， and uneven matrix density. After intervention with Qiangxin decoction， the levels of the aforementioned quantitative indicators in serum and myocardial tissue of rats （excluding CL content in the Qiangxin decoction low- dose group） were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）； the pathological damage of myocardial tissue had significantly improved， fibrosis had significantly reduced， mitochondrial morphology tended to be normal， cristae had increased， and matrix density was uniform. CONCLUSIONS Qiangxin decoction can regulate myocardial mitochondrial function and structural integrity of CHF rats， thereby improving myocardial energy metabolism and antagonizing myocardial fibrosis， the mechanism of which may be associated with activating PA/Mfn/CL signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and potential mechanism of Qiangxin decoction on mitochondrion of rats with chronic heart failure （CHF）. METHODS The CHF model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. Modeled rats were divided into model group， Qiangxin decoction low-dose and high-dose groups （12.25， 24.50 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， and chemical medicine group （Sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets， 10.42 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group； control group was set up without treatment. Each group of rats was orally administered with the corresponding medication or normal saline twice a day for 28 consecutive days. After the last medication， the contents of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） in serum and phosphatidic acid （PA） and cardiolipin （CL） in myocardial tissue were all detected； the pathological damage and collagen fibrosis of rat myocardial tissue were observed； the apoptosis of myocardial cells was determined； the ultrastructure of myocardial tissue was observed； the protein expressions of mitofusin 1 （Mfn1）， Mfn2， optic atrophy protein 1 （OPA1） and dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1） were all detected in myocardial tissue. RESULTS Compared with control group，the serum content of NT-proBNP， apoptotic rate of myocardial cells， and relative expressions of S-OPA1 and Drp1 proteins were all increased significantly； serum content of ATP，contents of PA and CL， and relative expressions of Mfn1， Mfn2 and L-OPA1 proteins were all significantly reduced （P＜0.05）. There were abnormal membrane tissue structure in various layers of myocardial tissue， degeneration and necrosis of myocardial cells， and severe fibrosis； the mitochondria were swollen， with reduced or absent cristae， and uneven matrix density. After intervention with Qiangxin decoction， the levels of the aforementioned quantitative indicators in serum and myocardial tissue of rats （excluding CL content in the Qiangxin decoction low- dose group） were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）； the pathological damage of myocardial tissue had significantly improved， fibrosis had significantly reduced， mitochondrial morphology tended to be normal， cristae had increased， and matrix density was uniform. CONCLUSIONS Qiangxin decoction can regulate myocardial mitochondrial function and structural integrity of CHF rats， thereby improving myocardial energy metabolism and antagonizing myocardial fibrosis， the mechanism of which may be associated with activating PA/Mfn/CL signaling pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE) of two dose of the mumps containing vaccine (MuCV) in chidren, so as to provide a basis for optimizing mumps immunization strategies. Methods: A 1∶2 frequency matched case-control study was conducted by using reported mumps cases in childcare centers or schools from Lu an, Hefei, Ma anshan and Huainan cities of Anhui Province from September 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024, as a case group(383 cases). And healthy children in the same classroom were selected as a control group(766 cases). The MuCV immunization histories of participants were collected to estimate the incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV against mumps. Group comparisons were performed using the Chi square test or t-test. For matched case-control pairs, the Cox regression model was employed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for two dose MuCV vaccination and to estimate the incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the case and control groups regarding gender, age, dosage of MuCV vaccination and the time interval since the last dose vaccination( χ 2/t=0.05, 0.20, 0.94, -0.02, P >0.05). The proportions of the case and control groups vaccinated with two doses of MuCV were 26.63% and 29.37%, respectively, and the overall incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV was 40.73% (95% CI=3.03%-63.77%, P <0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that the incremental VE for children with a period of ≥1 year between the two doses of MuCV was 54.13% (95% CI=1.90%-78.56%, P <0.05), while for children with a period of <1 year, it was 30.63% (95% CI=-28.59%-62.58%, P >0.05). The incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV was 30.36% (95% CI=-25.95%-61.50%, P >0.05) in kindergarten children and 66.73% (95% CI=14.92%-86.99%, P <0.05) in elementary and secondary school students. The incremental VE was 28.78% (95% CI=-27.46%-60.21%, P >0.05) within five years of the last dose of MuCV vaccination and 66.07% (95% CI=-41.56%-91.87%, P >0.05) for vaccinations administered beyond five years. Conclusions The second dose of MuCV may offer additional protection for children; however, extending the interval between two dose of MuCV (<1 year) has shown limited incremental protective effects. Therefore, it is crucial to consider optimizing current immunization strategies for mumps.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanomaterial is a two-dimensional nanomaterial with a multi-layer structure. Due to their unique structural composition, LDHs can act as a "molecular switch" to achieve controllable release of payload under specific physiological pH conditions while remaining stable during blood circulation. In addition, LDHs are composed of several specific cations and have specific regulatory effects on various cellular functions. In addition to the excellent drug loading performance, LDHs can respond to the tumor microenvironment and realize a smart release of drugs, reduce the side effects of drugs, and enhance the tumor killing effect, having a wide range of applications in the field of tumor therapy. In this paper, the research progress of LDHs for chemotherapy drug delivery, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunocombination therapy for tumors was reviewed.

Objective To report two cases of meningitis caused by Corynebacterium and review relevant literature to enhance clinical awareness of the pathogenicity of Corynebacterium species.Methods The clinical details were reported for 2 cases of meningitis caused by Corynebacterium.Similar case reports were retrieved from PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and CBM databases using search terms"Corynebacterium meningitis"and"cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection".Clinical data of the identified patients were reviewed and analyzed.Results Both patients with meningitis caused by Corynebacterium developed symptoms of fever,abdominal pain,and unconsciousness following lumboperitoneal shunt procedures.The culture of cerebrospinal fluid was positive for Corynebacterium.Both patients improved significantly after vancomycin treatment.Literature search yielded 29 similar cases.Overall,the 31 cases(including the two cases in this report)included 20 males and 11 females,aged between 4 weeks to 87 years.The identified Corynebacterium species included C.jeikeium in 12 cases,C.striatum in 9 cases,C.xerosis in 2 cases,C.bovis in 2 cases,C.aquaticum,C.equine,and C.minutissimum one case each,and unspecified Corynebacterium species in 3 cases.Underlying diseases were reporetd in most patients,including immune disorder in 2 cases,malignant tumor in 8 cases,genetic disease in 2 cases,premature with hydrocephalus in 4 cases,brain trauma in 2 cases,intracranial vascular malformation in 2 cases,and cerebral aneurysm in 2 cases.Risk factors for Corynebacterium meningitis included chemotherapy for malignancy in 5 cases,long term use of steroids and immunosuppressants in 2 cases,invasive procedures in 24 cases,and prior antibiotic use in 11 cases.Vancomycin was the most commonly prescribed treatment.The drainage tube and/or venous catheter were also removed or replaced in 19 cases.Twenty-five patients recovered after treatment and 6 patients died.Conclusions Corynebacterium species are emerging as opportunistic pathogens.Clinicians should be aware of the infections caused by Corynebacterium if patients have undergone invasive procedures or are immunocompromised,especially when associated with fever,altered consciousness,and clinical signs of encephalitis/meningitis.If cerebrospinal fluid test is positive for Corynebacterium,specific treatment should be prescribed promptly for Corynebacterium infection.

Bluetongue virus is an arbovirus that seriously harms ruminants such as sheep,this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of bluetongue virus infection and host cell interferon antiviral immune response.The study was conducted to characterize the mRNA expression of inter-feron pathway genes by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,as well as Western blot analysis of MDA5,TRAF3,RIG-Ⅰ,and TBK1 protein expression in BHK-21 cells induced by BTV with a multiplicity of infections(MOI)of 1 for 18,24,and 36 h.The results showed that the most pro-nounced changes in the expression of interferon signaling pathway genes were observed at 24 h of induction,the gene mRNA expression levels of the IFN-α,IFN-β,RIG-Ⅰ,TBK1,MDA5,VISA,and TRAF3 genes were upregulated.However,the mRNA expression levels of IKKε and TRAF6 genes were downregulated.At the protein level,MDA5 and TBK1 proteins were upregulated while RIG-1 and TRAF3 proteins were downregulated,which showed that BTV infection induces a typeⅠ interferon immune response in BHK-21 cells.This study lays the foundation for further exploring the antiviral immunity mechanism of IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway regulatory genes in host cells infected with BTV infection.

Objective:To investigate pediatric colonoscopy procedures and the associated changes in the disease spectrum.Methods:The clinical data of 1 087 children who underwent pediatric colonoscopy at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Yili Prefecture Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2012 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into 0-3 ( n=165), 4-6 ( n=307), 7-10 ( n=275) and 11-14 ( n=340) years groups according to their age, and also divided into two time periods according to the examination time point, 2012-2017 ( n=302) and 2018-2022 ( n=785) groups. Indicators that were observed and analyzed included the primary reasons for colonoscopy, types and proportions of abnormalities, distribution of cases and symptoms by period and age group, and disease diagnosis and treatment before and after colonoscopy. Results:A total of 1 238 colonoscopies were completed in 1 087 children. Blood in the stool was the most common cause (337/1 087, 31.00%). The most abnormalities were found in intestinal polyps (190/1 087, 17.48%) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (181/1 087, 16.65%), as well as in 95 cases (95/1 087, 8.74%) who were confirmed autism and requested colonoscopy placement for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). There were differences in case distribution and symptoms among different age groups: polyps were most common in the 0-3 years group (75/165, 45.45%), and IBD was most common in the 11-14 years group (97/340, 28.53%). Compared with 2012-2017, during 2018-2022, the proportion of colonoscopies for polyps in children decreased [from 49.67% (150/302) to 5.10% (40/785), P<0.001], while the proportion for IBD increased [from 12.25% (37/302) to 18.34% (144/785), P=0.016], and autism requiring colonoscopic duct placement for FMT increased [from 2.32% (7/302) to 11.21% (88/785), P<0.001]. Conclusion:Pediatric colonoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases. With the increasing clinical application demands, diversified procedures such as pre-FMT colonoscopic duct placement are becoming important directions for the future development of pediatric colonoscopy.

A puerpera with a obstetric history of gravida 2, para 2, underwent blood typing due to the presence of agglutination reactions in her serum against all tested red blood cells. She was found to be blood type O and her RhD phenotype was identified as CcDEe through serological testing. The reaction agglutination intensity between her serum and 26 O-type blood cells from the panel was 2+. Whole genome sequencing was performed, yielding data on 4014 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 958 insertion/deletion (INDEL) loci across 50 genes responsible for encoding blood group systems. Among these, only a single SNP , rs72552713 was predicted to be a highly harmful variant, which is the c.376C>T variation in the ABCG2 gene encoding JR blood group antigen, leading to the premature stop codon (p.Gln126Ter). The c.376C>T variation has been named the ABCG2*01N.01 by the working party on Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology of International Society of Blood Transfusion. The postpartum woman was found to have the Jr(a-) phenotype. Whole genome sequencing can accurately determine the antigens of blood group systems in some difficult specimens.

Osteocytes are the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone,serving as primary regulators of bone remodeling.Besides playing critical roles in endocrine regulation and calcium-phosphate metabolism,osteocytes are primary responders to mechanical stimuli,perceiving and responding to these stimuli directly and indirectly.The process of mechanotransduction in osteocytes is a complex and finely tuned regulation involving interactions between the cell and its surrounding environment,neighboring cells,and various mechanosensors within the cells with distinct functions.The known major mechanosensors in osteocytes include primary cilia,Piezo ion channels,integrins,extracellular matrix,and connexin-based intercellular junctions.These mechanosensors play crucial roles in osteocytes,perceiving and transducing mechanical signals to regulate bone homeostasis.This review aims to provide a systematic introduction to these five mechanosensors,offering new perspectives and insights into understanding how osteocytes respond to mechanical stimuli and maintain bone tissue homeostasis.

Objective To monitor the number of microembolic signals(MES)during endovascular recanalization of symptomatic non-acute internal carotid artery occlusion(NA-ICAO),to investigate the risk steps for MES during sur-gery,and to improve the safety of endovascular treatment(EVT).Methods A prospective study was conducted among 56 patients with symptomatic NA-ICAO who received EVT from April 1,2022 to June 30,2023.The number of MES was recorded during the seven steps of reperfusion treatment,and transcranial Doppler was used for statistical analysis.All pa-tients underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and after surgery.According to the results of MES and the presence or absence of new infarcts on diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)after surgery,the patients were divided into DWI(+)group and DWI(-)group.Results A relatively large number of MES was observed for both groups in the steps of searching for the true cavity through the occlusive segment with microguide wire(with a mean number of 21.81 and 17.75,respec-tively;P<0.05)and predilation for the first time(with a mean number of 23.29 and 17.43,respectively;P<0.05),and the number of new infarcts after surgery was significantly positively correlated with the total number of MES during surgery.Conclusion The steps of searching for the true cavity through the occlusive segment with microguide wire and predilation for the first time may easily induce MES,and the number of MES during surgery is correlated with infarcts after surgery.It is speculated that intraoperative MES is associated with new infarcts after surgery.