Objective To conduct an analysis on objective data of tongue manifestations and complexions among college students with yang deficiency constitution and balanced constitution,thus to explore the correlation between yang deficiency constitution and the objective data of tongue manifestations and complexions among college students.Methods From August 2023 to January 2024,data collection was carried out in 325 cases of yang deficiency constitution(yang deficiency group)and 175 cases of balanced constitution(balanced group)from college students of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Central South University,Hunan Normal University,Hunan University and Changsha University of Science and Technology in Hunan Province.YM-MA-Ⅰ digital detection system for tongue manifestations and complexions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was utilized for data collection and image analysis,and the differences in the Lab parameters of tongue color,tongue shape,tongue coating color,complexions,and lip color were compared between yang deficiency group and balanced group.Of the Lab parameters,letter"L"stands for luminance,which expresses the luminance from absolute black to absolute white,and takes the value of 0-100;letter"a"and letter"b"stand for two color channels,letter"a"represents the color from dark green to grey then to bright pink,and takes a value from-128 to 127,and letter"b"represents the color from bright blue to grey then to yellow,and also takes a value from-128 to 127.Results(1)The analysis of tongue manifestations showed that in comparison with the balanced group,enlarged tongue(72.62％),tooth-marked tongue(83.69％),and greasy coating(59.38％)were frequently seen in the yang deficiency group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(2)The analysis of complexions showed that in comparison with the balanced group,lusterless complexion(79.08％)and pale lip(42.15％)were frequently seen in the yang deficiency group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.01).(3)The yang deficiency group had higher L value of tongue color,L value of tongue coating color,L value of complexions,and L and b values of lip color than the balanced group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05),indicating that the tongue color,complexions,and lip color of the yang deficiency group were all pale.Conclusion The objective data and image analysis of tongue manifestations and complexions can accurately identify the population of yang deficiency constitution from college students,and the results will provide approaches and references for the identification of other TCM constitutions from the population.

Objective:To investigate the factors influencing phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by gamma interferon release assay (IGRA). Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 360 hospitalized patients who received IGRA in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2019 to December 2021. According to PHA response (IFN-γ level), they were divided into three groups: negative mitogen response group (IFN-γ<2 pg/ml), weak positive mitogen response group (IFN-γ: 2-100 pg/ml), and normal mitogen response group (IFN-γ>400 pg/ml).Results:Immune diseases were independently associated with negative (OR=0.34, 95%CI: 0.17-0.72, P=0.004) and weak positive mitogen responses (OR=0.29, 95%CI: 0.16-0.55, P<0.001). Infections caused by pathogens other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis was independently associated with negative mitogen response (OR=0.266, 95%CI: 0.09-0.83, P=0.023), while immunodeficiency was independently associated with weak positive mitogen response (OR=0.280, 95%CI: 0.12-0.63, P=0.002). Mitogen response was significantly correlated with the levels of albumin and hemoglobin in serum and the counts of neutrophils and lymphocytes ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Immune diseases and immunodeficiency can affect mitogen response. Therefore, clinicians should give attention to mitogen response in the interpretation of IGRA test results to prevent misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. Besides, to a certain extent, mitogen response can reflect the infection status of hospitalized patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effect of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) on learning and memory impairment induced by combined exposure to lead and hypertension in mice, and the relative mechanism of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). Methods Specific pathogen-free C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into control group, hypertension group, lead-exposed group and lead-exposed + hypertension group, or into control group, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) control group, lead-exposed + hypertension group and HSP60 intervention group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice of hypertension group and lead-exposed + hypertension group were intraperitoneally injected with angiotensin Ⅱ at a dose of 0.5 mg/(kg·d) for seven consecutive days to induce hypertension model. Mice of the lead-exposed group, lead-exposed + hypertension group, and HSP60 intervention group were given lead acetate drinking water with a mass concentration of 250.0 mg/L, while mice in the control group, hypertension group, and HSP60 control group were given purified water for 12 weeks. Mice of the HSP60 control group and HSP60 intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with a solution of HSP60 at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight, every other day for a total of three times at the 12th week. The learning and memory ability of mice was detected using the Morris water maze test. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the hippocampal tissues of the mice. The relative expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA1) and TREM2 protein in the hippocampus of mice was detected using Western blot. Results i) The number of platform crossings of the mice in the hypertension group and the lead-exposed group was lower than that in the control group (both P<0.05). The escape latency of the mice on the third day was longer and the number of platform crossings was lower in the lead-exposed + hypertension group compared with the control group, hypertension group and lead-exposed group (all P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus of the other three groups increased compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The relative expression of IBA1 protein in the hippocampus of lead-exposed group and lead-exposed + hypertension group increased (all P<0.05), while the relative protein expression of TREM2 decreased compared with the control group (all P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and the relative protein expression of IBA1 protein in the hippocampus of the lead-exposed+hypertension group were higher (all P<0.05), and relative expression of TREM2 protein was lower (P<0.05) than those in the hypertension group. The level of TNF-α and the relative expression of IBA1 protein in the hippocampus of lead-exposed+hypertension group were higher than those in lead-exposed group (all P<0.05). ii) The escape latency of mice in the lead-exposed + hypertension group was longer than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the number of platform crossings was fewer than that in the control group (P<0.05). The escape latency of mice in the HSP60 intervention group was shortened (P<0.05), the number of platform crossings increased (P<0.05), and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and relative expression of IBA1 protein decreased in the hippocampus (all P<0.05), while the relative expression of TREM2 protein increased (P<0.05) compared with the lead-exposed+hypertension group. Conclusion Combined exposure of lead and hypertension has a synergistic effect on learning and memory impairment in mice. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TREM2 expression by lead in the hippocampus of hypertensive mice and aggravating the neuroinflammatory response. Intervention with TREM2 receptor agonist HSP60 can alleviate learning and memory impairment in mice exposed to lead and hypertension by up-regulating TREM2 expression in the hippocampus.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults and is poorly controlled. Previous studies have shown that both macrophages and angiogenesis play significant roles in GBM progression, and co-targeting of CSF1R and VEGFR is likely to be an effective strategy for GBM treatment. Therefore, this study developed a novel and selective inhibitor of CSF1R and VEGFR, SYHA1813, possessing potent antitumor activity against GBM. SYHA1813 inhibited VEGFR and CSF1R kinase activities with high potency and selectivity and thus blocked the cell viability of HUVECs and macrophages and exhibited anti-angiogenetic effects both in vitro and in vivo. SYHA1813 also displayed potent in vivo antitumor activity against GBM in immune-competent and immune-deficient mouse models, including temozolomide (TMZ) insensitive tumors. Notably, SYHA1813 could penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and prolong the survival time of mice bearing intracranial GBM xenografts. Moreover, SYHA1813 treatment resulted in a synergistic antitumor efficacy in combination with the PD-1 antibody. As a clinical proof of concept, SYHA1813 achieved confirmed responses in patients with recurrent GBM in an ongoing first-in-human phase I trial. The data of this study support the rationale for an ongoing phase I clinical study (ChiCTR2100045380).

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay for detection of neuraminidase (NA) H275Y mutations in influenza A H1N1 pdm09 virus. Methods: The primers and dual probes were designed based on the sequence of the H1N1 pdm09 NA gene fragment which contained 275 amino acid sites, and the annealing temperature of ddPCR assay was optimized to establish a method for detection of H275 drug-sensitive genes and H275Y drug-resistant genes in H1N1 pdm09 virus. The sensitivity of ddPCR assay and fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was compared using the detection limit, and the specificity of ddPCR and qPCR assays was compared for detection of 14 respiratory virus samples. In addition, 64 clinical samples and 5 influenza isolates were tested to calculate the abundance of H275Y mutations, and the mutation abundance of 5 influenza isolates was compared with next-generation sequencing results. Results: The optimal annealing temperature was 62.2 ℃. The detection limits of ddPCR assay were 5.28 (95%CI: 4.28-7.45) copies/reaction for H1N1 pdm09 H275 drug-sensitive plasmids and 6.51 (95%CI: 5.25-9.37) copies/reaction for H1N1 pdm09 H275Y drug-resistant plasmids, and the detection limits of qPCR assay were 5.70 (95%CI: 4.83-7.45) copies/reaction for H1N1 pdm09 H275Y drug-sensitive plasmids and 7.06 (95%CI: 5.92-9.40) copies/reaction for H1N1 pdm09 H275Y drug-resistant plasmids. Both ddPCR and qPCR assays detected H275 and H275Y drug-resistant plasmids in H1N1 pdm09 viral samples but did not detect H275 and H275Y drug-resistant plasmids in other 11 respiratory virus samples, and these two assays showed consistent results. Of the 64 clinical samples, ddPCR assay detected H275Y mutation in three pharyngeal swab specimens from a severe pneumonia patients infected with H1N1 pdm09 virus, and the greatest mutation abundance was detected in samples collected on day 4 post-treatment with oseltamivir phosphate (53.37%). ddPCR assay detected 0.63, 88.93%% and 1.27% H275Y mutation abundance in samples collected on days 2, 4 and 5 post-treatment with oseltamivir phosphate, and next-generation sequencing detected 89.46% H275Y mutation abundance in samples collected on day 4 post-treatment with oseltamivir phosphate; however, no H275Y mutation was detected in samples collected on days 2 or 5 post-treatment with oseltamivir phosphate. Conclusions ddPCR presents a higher sensitivity and specificity than qPCR assay for detection of H275Y mutations in H1N1 pdm09 virus, and presents a higher sensitivity than next-generation sequencing for detection of low-frequency mutations, which is effective for quantitative detection of H275Y mutations in the NA fragment of the H1N1 pdm09 virus.

Objective To develop a magnetic anastomosis device for infrahepatic inferior vena cava and verify its feasibility and safety in rat models. Methods According to the anatomical characteristics of rat inferior vena cava, a magnetic device suitable for end-to-end anastomosis of infrahepatic inferior vena cava was designed and manufactured. The device consisted of the inner and outer rings. The inner ring was a coated neodymium-iron-boron magnetic ring, and the outer ring was made of polyetheretherketone by 3D printing. Ten fine holes are evenly distributed on the outer ring, of which 5 fine holes were used to load the fine needles, and the other 5 fine holes were mutually connected with the fine needles of the contralateral anastomosis ring during anastomosis. The outer ring was uniformly loaded with fine needles and then bonded with the inner ring to form a magnetic anastomosis complex. Bilateral ends of vessels passed through the anastomosis ring and were fixed to the fine needles, and then end-to-end vascular anastomosis was performed by mutual attraction of two magnetic anastomosis rings. Twenty SD rats were selected and received end-to-end anastomosis of infrahepatic inferior vena cava with magnetic anastomosis device. The time of vascular occlusion, postoperative survival, postoperative anastomotic patency, gross observation and histological examination of anastomotic stoma were analyzed. Results All rats successfully completed end-to-end magnetic anastomosis of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava, and the time of vascular occlusion was 4~6 min. One rat died at 10 d after operation, and the other rats survived within postoperative 2 months. The patency rates of anastomotic stoma in surviving rats at postoperative 1 d, 3 d, 1 month and 2 months were 100%, 100%, 95% and 95%, respectively. At 2 months after operation, no obvious displacement and angulation of the anastomosis device were seen. No signs of corrosion and cracking of the anastomosis rings were observed. No evident hyperplasia and edema of surrounding tissues were noted. Bilateral ends of vessels were completely healed, and no obvious stenosis or thrombosis was found at the anastomotic stoma. Histological examination showed high continuity of bilateral vascular walls of anastomotic stoma, the inner surface of anastomotic stoma was covered by endothelial cells, and no thrombus or fibrous tissue was attached. Conclusions It is safe and feasible to utilize the self-designed magnetic anastomosis device to perform end-to-end magnetic anastomosis of infrahepatic inferior vena cava in rat models.

Objective:To describe the current situation on quit intention and quit attempts among current smokers aged 15 years and above in China and explore the main factors affecting their smoking cessation behaviors.Methods:The subjects were people aged 15 years and above in China. A stratified multi-phased randomized cluster sampling method was used. The survey covered 200 districts/counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), including 19 376 people under investigation. The data were weighted with SAS 9.4 for complex sampling analysis, and the frequency and weighted component ratio were used for description. The influencing factors were studied using the Rao Scott χ2 test and unconditional multivariate logistic regression. Results:Among current smokers, 6.63% reported that they planned to quit smoking in the next month, 5.44% for men and 8.49% for women. 17.96% of the current smokers made quit attempts in the past 12 months, with 17.80% men and 22.15% women. People who smoke occasionally ( OR=3.42, 95% CI: 2.09-5.59) made quit attempts in the past ( OR=4.91, 95% CI: 0.33-0.52) and knew that smoking would lead to three diseases ( OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.48-3.40) had higher quit intention. People who occasionally smoke ( OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.20-2.34) received smoking cessation suggestions from medical staff ( OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.62-2.37), were a ware of that smoking causes three diseases ( OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.32-2.02) and had smoking prohibition regulations in indoor areas of their homes, had a higher rate of quit attempts. Conclusion:Providing effective smoking cessation intervention services and creating a supportive tobacco control environment are significant in promoting smoking cessation behavior.

Objective:To investigate secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-current smokers aged 15 and over and its influencing factors in China in 2010 and 2018.Methods:The 2010 and 2018 China Adult Tobacco Surveys used multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods to obtain national representative samples across 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. This study selected non-current smokers aged 15 and over as the research subjects to describe the general demographic characteristics, perceptions of SHS hazards, attitudes towards smoking bans in indoor areas in public places, and SHS exposure and the smoking restriction regulations in different places. The Rao-Scott χ2 test was used to compare the rates, and the unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of SHS exposure. All the subjects in the analysis were weighted based on a complex sampling design. Results:Among non-current smokers aged 15 and over, from 2010 to 2018, the percentage of indoor smokers had decreased from 84.7% to 71.9%. The rates of people who saw smoking in various places declined with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). The exposure to SHS for females, people aged 45-64, teachers, medical staff, workers in enterprises, businesses, waiters, and people who live in rural and central areas declined. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In 2018, the percentage of SHS exposure for those who reported a comprehensive smoking ban in households or allowed smoking in certain areas was lower than for those who reported allowed or without a smoking ban. Among those aged 25-44, SHS exposure for those who reported complete smoking prohibition in workplaces was lower than those who reported allowed or without smoking prohibition ( OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.87). The proportion of SHS exposure for those who believe that smoking should not be allowed in indoor areas of 0-5 public places is higher than that smoking should not be allowed in the indoor spaces of 8 public places ( OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.35-3.36). Among people aged 45-64, the proportions of SHS exposure for teachers ( OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.78) and medical staff ( OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.76) and staff working in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy were lower than governmental staff ( OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.84). Conclusions:Data from the decreased exposure of Chinese non-current smokers aged 15 and over to SHS suggests the initial achievement through constructing a smoke-free environment, but continued efforts are needed. It is necessary to actively advocate for smoke-free families, strengthen publicity and education on the hazards of tobacco and SHS, and improve the skills of non-smokers in rejecting SHS exposure.

Objective:To investigate the exposure to tobacco advertisements and promotions among Chinese adults aged 15 and above, identify the publicity channels and forms of tobacco advertising and promotion in 2010 and 2018, and implicate further tobacco control measures in China.Methods:A multistage, stratified, randomized cluster sampling design was used in 2010 and 2018 China Adult Tobacco Survey, with national representativeness. 13 354 and 19 376 permanent residents were selected in the 2010 and 2018 surveys. SAS 9.4 software was applied for data analysis, and all the data were weighted based on a complex sampling design. Rao Scott χ2 test was used for group comparison of a single factor. Results:In 2010 and 2018, 19.61% and 18.14% of the survey respondents did see tobacco advertising and promotion. From 2010 to 2018, there was no significant change in the situation of tobacco advertisements and promotions. Among those who had gone to a cigarette shop, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements increased from 29.28% in 2010 to 43.28% in 2018. Among those who had seen tobacco advertisements on TV, the rate fell from 50.93% in 2010 to 28.58% in 2018. Among those who had gone to movie theaters, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements increased from 2.17% in 2010 to 9.89% in 2018. Among those who had used the Internet, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements online rose from 19.20% in 2010 to 42.30% in 2018. In terms of tobacco promotion, the percentages of people who had seen tobacco promotions, cigarette price discounts, cigarette discount coupons, gifts, and other preferential activities in various places in the past 30 days were 4.99% vs. 9.30%, 0.78% vs. 4.09%, 0.04% vs. 0.33% and 0.98% vs. 3.33% in 2010 and 2018, respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Tobacco advertising and promotion are still prevalent in China, with no significant change in 2010 and 2018. Tobacco advertising and promotion have been with the constant changes and development of media platforms. It is necessary to improve the implementation of relevant policies, comprehensively ban tobacco advertisements and promotions, and strengthen the supervision of ads and promotions.