Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

Objective:Using bacterial culture as the gold standard, to evaluate the agreement of rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and rapid nucleic acid test (RNAT) in diagnosing group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis in pediatric outpatients, and assess their potential clinical utility. Methods:This cross-sectional study prospectively collected throat swab specimens and clinical data of 338 children diagnosed with acute pharyngitis at the Department of Outpatient Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, between July 2023 and February 2024. The specimens were tested for GAS bacterial culture, RADT and RNAT. Using bacterial culture results as the reference standard, Kappa consistency analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic concordance between RADT and RNAT. Chi-square test was used to compare clinical characteristics between cases diagnosed by different methods.Results:In the 338 children diagnosed with pharyngitis, 195 were male and 143 were female, with an age at the visit of 7.4 (5.9, 7.4) years. The positivive rates for GAS detection were 25.7% (87/338) by bacterial culture, 20.7% (70/338) by RADT, and 41.7% (141/338) by RNAT. In terms of diagnostic performance, RADT exhibited a higher specificity (96.8% (243/251)) and better agreement with bacterial culture results ( κ=0.73), whereas RNAT showed greater sensitivity (95.4% (83/87)) but lower specificity (76.9% (193/251)) and moderate agreement ( κ=0.61). Among the 87 children with positive bacterial culture for GAS, 56 were male and 31 were female, with an age at visit of 7.3 (6.2, 8.8) years. Clinically, body temperature predominantly ranged from 38.1 to 39.0 ℃ in 48 cases (55.2%), and common accompanying symptoms included sore throat 62 cases (71.3%), cough 33 cases (37.9%), and cervical lymphadenopathy or tenderness 16 cases (18.4%). On physical examination, tonsillar enlargement was present in 73 cases (83.9%) and exudate in 37 cases (42.5%). The McIsaac score was most frequently 4 points, observed in 37 cases (42.5%). Laboratory tests showed a peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count of 14.5 (12.3, 18.7)×10?/L and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration of 22.0 (10.1, 41.4) mg/L. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of fever, sore throat, cough, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudates, or tonsillar enlargement, nor in WBC count or CRP, among children who tested positive by RADT, RNAT, or bacterial culture (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with bacterial culture,the RADT demonstrates higher specificity, while the RNAT exhibits greater sensitivity. Both methods show good concordance with culture results and may serve as effective adjunctive tools for the early screening of GAS pharyngitis.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has been recently identified as a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In particular, lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis is considered a key event leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. This article reviews the role of lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis in PD and its involved key signaling pathways, and explores the related targeted therapeutic strategies, with the aim of providing new ideas for targeted treatment of PD.

Objective:To develop and validate risk prediction models for hypertension comorbidity in community-dwelling patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:The health records of 2 979 T2DM patients from two community health service centers in Fengtai District of Beijing from January 2023 to January 2024 were collected,including 2 591 cases from Fangzhuang Center(model development group) and 388 cases from Youanmen Center(external validation group). Patients in model development group were randomly assigned in a training set( n=1 813) and an internal validation set(778 cases) at a ratio of 7∶3. The risk factors associated with hypertention comorbidity in T2DM patients were identified with LASSO regression analysis,based on which risk prediction models was developed using six machine learning algorithms,including logistic regression(LR),classification and regression tree(CART),random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),support vector machine(SVM) and artificial neural network(ANN). The internal and external validations of the prediction models were conducted. Results:Among 2 979 patients with T2DM,2 158(72.44%) had concurrent hypertension,with 1 572 in the development set,280 in the internal validation set,306 in the external validation set. The LASSO regression identified 14 risk factors: age,educational level,occupation,medical insurance type,alcohol consumption,exercise frequency,BMI,SBP,TG/HDL-C,METS-IR,FBG,eGFR,duration of T2DM,and dyslipidemia. The nomogram model based on 14 predictive factors was constructed with XGB algorithm showed the best performance in predicting risk of hypertention for T2DM patients,showing the highest area under the curve(AUC) of 0.694(95% CI: 0.524-0.810) and effective calibration(Brier Score=0.121). Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the predictive model. Conclusion:The risk prediction models based on machine learning algorithms have been developed in the study,which show good prediction perfomance for hiypertention comorbidity in community-dwelling T2DM patients.

Objective:Using bacterial culture as the gold standard, to evaluate the agreement of rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and rapid nucleic acid test (RNAT) in diagnosing group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis in pediatric outpatients, and assess their potential clinical utility. Methods:This cross-sectional study prospectively collected throat swab specimens and clinical data of 338 children diagnosed with acute pharyngitis at the Department of Outpatient Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, between July 2023 and February 2024. The specimens were tested for GAS bacterial culture, RADT and RNAT. Using bacterial culture results as the reference standard, Kappa consistency analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic concordance between RADT and RNAT. Chi-square test was used to compare clinical characteristics between cases diagnosed by different methods.Results:In the 338 children diagnosed with pharyngitis, 195 were male and 143 were female, with an age at the visit of 7.4 (5.9, 7.4) years. The positivive rates for GAS detection were 25.7% (87/338) by bacterial culture, 20.7% (70/338) by RADT, and 41.7% (141/338) by RNAT. In terms of diagnostic performance, RADT exhibited a higher specificity (96.8% (243/251)) and better agreement with bacterial culture results ( κ=0.73), whereas RNAT showed greater sensitivity (95.4% (83/87)) but lower specificity (76.9% (193/251)) and moderate agreement ( κ=0.61). Among the 87 children with positive bacterial culture for GAS, 56 were male and 31 were female, with an age at visit of 7.3 (6.2, 8.8) years. Clinically, body temperature predominantly ranged from 38.1 to 39.0 ℃ in 48 cases (55.2%), and common accompanying symptoms included sore throat 62 cases (71.3%), cough 33 cases (37.9%), and cervical lymphadenopathy or tenderness 16 cases (18.4%). On physical examination, tonsillar enlargement was present in 73 cases (83.9%) and exudate in 37 cases (42.5%). The McIsaac score was most frequently 4 points, observed in 37 cases (42.5%). Laboratory tests showed a peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count of 14.5 (12.3, 18.7)×10?/L and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration of 22.0 (10.1, 41.4) mg/L. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of fever, sore throat, cough, tender cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudates, or tonsillar enlargement, nor in WBC count or CRP, among children who tested positive by RADT, RNAT, or bacterial culture (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with bacterial culture,the RADT demonstrates higher specificity, while the RNAT exhibits greater sensitivity. Both methods show good concordance with culture results and may serve as effective adjunctive tools for the early screening of GAS pharyngitis.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has been recently identified as a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. In particular, lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis is considered a key event leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. This article reviews the role of lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis in PD and its involved key signaling pathways, and explores the related targeted therapeutic strategies, with the aim of providing new ideas for targeted treatment of PD.

Objective:To develop and validate risk prediction models for hypertension comorbidity in community-dwelling patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:The health records of 2 979 T2DM patients from two community health service centers in Fengtai District of Beijing from January 2023 to January 2024 were collected,including 2 591 cases from Fangzhuang Center(model development group) and 388 cases from Youanmen Center(external validation group). Patients in model development group were randomly assigned in a training set( n=1 813) and an internal validation set(778 cases) at a ratio of 7∶3. The risk factors associated with hypertention comorbidity in T2DM patients were identified with LASSO regression analysis,based on which risk prediction models was developed using six machine learning algorithms,including logistic regression(LR),classification and regression tree(CART),random forest(RF),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),support vector machine(SVM) and artificial neural network(ANN). The internal and external validations of the prediction models were conducted. Results:Among 2 979 patients with T2DM,2 158(72.44%) had concurrent hypertension,with 1 572 in the development set,280 in the internal validation set,306 in the external validation set. The LASSO regression identified 14 risk factors: age,educational level,occupation,medical insurance type,alcohol consumption,exercise frequency,BMI,SBP,TG/HDL-C,METS-IR,FBG,eGFR,duration of T2DM,and dyslipidemia. The nomogram model based on 14 predictive factors was constructed with XGB algorithm showed the best performance in predicting risk of hypertention for T2DM patients,showing the highest area under the curve(AUC) of 0.694(95% CI: 0.524-0.810) and effective calibration(Brier Score=0.121). Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility of the predictive model. Conclusion:The risk prediction models based on machine learning algorithms have been developed in the study,which show good prediction perfomance for hiypertention comorbidity in community-dwelling T2DM patients.

Nanobodies (Nbs), the unique single-domain antibodies discovered in the species of Camelidae and sharks, are also known as the variable domain of the heavy chain of heavy-chain antibody (VHH). They offer strong antigen targeting and binding capabilities and overcome the drawbacks such as large size, low stability, high immunogenicity, and slow clearance of conventional antibodies. Nbs can be boosted by bioconjugation with toxins, enzymes, radioactive nucleotides, fluorophores, and other functional groups, demonstrating potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of human and animal diseases. This article introduces the structures and characteristics of Nbs, the construction and screening of Nb libraries, and the strategies for affinity maturation and then reviews the current applications of Nbs in diagnosis and treatment, providing a reference for the development of diagnostic reagents and clinical therapies for infectious diseases.
Single-Domain Antibodies/chemistry* ; Animals ; Humans ; Camelidae/immunology*