Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA that is longer than 200 nucleotides and does not encode proteins. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Genetic susceptibility, damaged skin barrier and immune imbalance play important roles in its pathogenesis. Studies have shown that abnormal expression of lncRNA plays an important role in the development of many human diseases. In recent years, it has been found that various lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in AD patients and are involved in the development of AD. This paper reviews the research progress of lncRNAs in AD, aiming to provide more reference for the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.
Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics* ; Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Animals

Recent work in decision neuroscience suggests that visual saliency can interact with reward-based choice, and the lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) is implicated in this process. In this study, we recorded from LIP neurons while monkeys performed a two alternative choice task in which the reward and luminance associated with each offer were varied independently. We discovered that the animal's choice was dictated by the reward amount while the luminance had a marginal effect. In the LIP, neuronal activity corresponded well with the animal's choice pattern, in that a majority of reward-modulated neurons encoded the reward amount in the neuron's preferred hemifield with a positive slope. In contrast, compared to their responses to low luminance, an approximately equal proportion of luminance-sensitive neurons responded to high luminance with increased or decreased activity, leading to a much weaker population-level response. Meanwhile, in the non-preferred hemifield, the strength of encoding for reward amount and luminance was positively correlated, suggesting the integration of these two factors in the LIP. Moreover, neurons encoding reward and luminance were homogeneously distributed along the anterior-posterior axis of the LIP. Overall, our study provides further evidence supporting the neural instantiation of a priority map in the LIP in reward-based decisions.
Animals ; Macaca mulatta/physiology* ; Parietal Lobe ; Neurons/physiology* ; Saccades ; Reward ; Photic Stimulation

A pedigree with familial acanthosis nigricans presenting with atypical clinical symptoms was reported. The 4-year-old female proband began to develop black patches on the neck and abdomen since the age of 1 year, which had gradually spread to the lips and front of the trunk in recent years. Reflectance confocal microscopy of the abdominal skin showed downward extension and twisting of dermal papillary rings with formation of gully-like structures, and moderately to highly refractive particles in the dermal papillary rings. The proband′s father and grandmother had similar medical history, but the pigmentation spontaneously subsided with age, leaving only local thickened skin lines. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the proband, her parents and grandmother, and panel-based targeted sequencing of peripheral blood DNA was performed for the proband. Sequencing showed a missense mutation c.1949A>C (p.Lys650Thr) in exon 14 of the FGFR3 gene in the proband, and Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of this mutation in the proband and her father and grandmother. A diagnosis of familial acanthosis nigricans was made.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between caspase activation and recruitment domain 8 ( CARD8) gene rs2043211 polymorphism and the age of onset for large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke in Chinese Han population. Methods:Based on Nanjing Stroke Registry Program, patients with LAA stroke from January 2010 to December 2014 were included retrospectively and genotyped. Grouping according to different genetic models, the age distribution among different genotypes were compared, and Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare the age-related cumulative non-onset frequency of the patients with different genotypes.Results:A total of 738 patients were admitted and 717 (97.15%) were successfully genotyped and included in the study. There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking and drinking history among the genotype groups. Patients with T allele had earlier onset under codominant model (AA genotype: 61.68 years, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 59.92-63.45 years; AT genotype: 60.51 years, 95% CI 59.41-61.60 years; TT genotype: 60.44 years, 95% CI 58.96-61.92 years). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the age-related cumulative non-onset frequency between patients with different genotypes (log-rank test, P=0.041). Similar results in the female was observed in the stratified analysis (log-rank test, P=0.001). Conclusions:T allele of CARD8 rs2043211 is associated with the early age of onset of large artery atherosclerosis stroke in Chinese Han population, especially in female patients.

Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway plays an important role in immune pathways in atopic dermatitis (AD) . Drugs that block the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, such as classic JAK inhibitors tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, etc., have been gradually applied to the treatment of AD in clinical trials, and good clinical efficacy has been achieved. In addition, other inhibitors of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, such as apamin and dupilumab, also show some efficacy in the treatment of AD. This review summarizes recent studies on the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and its inhibitors.

We investigated the carrying status of the virulence genes of Salmonella from different sources in Shijiazhuang City,China,to provide the basic data for the further risk assessment of Salmonella.A total of 186 isolates of Salmonella from different sources were collected and identified serotypes in the area of Shijiazhuang from 2011 to 2016.PCR was performed for eight virulence genes (invA,sopE,agfA,spvR,hilA,stn,pefA,shdA).These Salmonella bacteria were detected in 13 kinds of serotypes.Enteritidis is a significant advantage of the group.The above 8 virulence genes were analyzed,and the virulence genes hilA,stn and invA were the most frequently carried,their respective carrying rate were 90.3％ (168/186),86.6％ (161/186) and 82.8％ (154/186) respectively.We found the virulence genes of Salmonella from different sources were different.It is necessary to take measures to strengthen the food hygiene supervision and prevention and control of the storage and sale of raw poultry stalls in the morning market in Shijiazhuang area.

Objective To quantitatively estimate the deaths and life expectancy losses attributable to diet high in sodium in China,and examine the gains and shifts under different control scenarios of sodium consumption.Methods Based on data from the cause-of-death through the National Mortality Surveillance System,and 24 hours urinary sodium values from Global Burden of Disease study on Chinese's estimates,population attributable fractions with the framework of comparative risk assessment were used to analyze the deaths and life expectancy losses due to diet high in sodium.The same methods were followed to examine the gains and shifts under different control scenarios of sodium consumption.Results In 2013,1 430 (940 for men and 490 for women)thousand deaths were attributable to diet high in sodium,accounting for 15.6％ (17.4％ for men and 13.0％ for women) of all-cause deaths in China,which causing 2.17 (2.49 for men and 1.71 for women) years of life expectancy loss.Diet with high sodium in 2013 caused 1 200,50 and 180 thousand deaths from cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease and stomach cancer respectively,accounting for 31.5％,30.8％ and 64.8％ of those specific causes.Comparing to the baseline in 2013,if the targets of 10％ decrease of sodium consumption by 2020 and 15％ by 2030 for Chinese chronic disease prevention and treatment planning,and 30％ decrease by 2030 for WHO non-communicable disease monitoring framework are achieved,220,340 and 730 thousand deaths will be averted,which may gain 0.30,0.45 and 0.95 years of life expectancy,respectively.Conclusions As one of the leading risk factors,diet high in sodium had caused heavy burden of disease from cardiovascular disease,chronic kidney disease and stomach cancer on Chinese residents.Intervention programs on sodium-reductionare urgently needed in China and related cost-effectiveness is highly expected.

OBJECTIVETo analyze and compare burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China, 1990 and 2010.

METHODSThe indicators including prevalence, death, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability adjusted of life years (DALY) of malignant tumor from the results of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 were used to calculate the standardized prevalence rate, mortality rate, YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate with the 2010 national census data. The research described the prevalence, death, and burden of disease caused by malignant tumor and analyze the trend of these indicators in 1990 and 2010 in China.

RESULTSIn China from 1990 to 2010, the standardized prevalence rate of malignant tumor increased from 529.76/100 000 to 749.57/100 000 (increased by 41.49%); the standardized mortality rate decreased from 196.57/100 000 to 169.88/100 000 (decreased by 13.58%); the standardized DALY rate decreased from 5 206.56/100 000 to 4 150.86/100 000. In 2010, the top five standardized DALY rate of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. Their standardized DALY rate were 892.21/100 000, 787.40/100 000, 521.36/100 000, 303.95/100 000, and 269.94/100 000, respectively. In all kind of malignant tumors, the burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate. The standardized mortality rate of lung cancer increased from 34.78/100 000 in 1990 to 41.09/100 000 in 2010; the standardized DALY rate increased from 830.77/100 000 in 1990 to 892.21/100 000 in 2010. The burden of disease of gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate. The standardized mortality rate of gastric cancer decreased from 39.65/100 000 in 1990 to 23.79/100 000 in 2010; the standardized DALY rate decreased from 968.96/100 000 in 1990 to 521.36/100 000 in 2010.

CONCLUSIONThe burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China remained at high levels in 2010. The top five burden of disease of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. The burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate and gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate from 1990 to 2010 in China. Prevention and control of malignant tumor was still difficult.

China ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Cost of Illness ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mortality ; Neoplasms ; Prevalence ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Stomach Neoplasms

Objective To detect the serum 25- OH-D levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and investigate the function of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of SLE. Methods Eighty SLE patients including 40 healthy donors and 40 RA (rheumatoid arthritis) patients were enrolled in this study. Serum 25-OH-D levels were detected with ECL method. Results (1)Serum 25-OH-D levels in patients with active SLE were lower than those with inactive SLE patients and healthy controls. (2)Serum 25-OH-D levels were negatively correlated with SLEDAI (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index) scores (r = -0.45,P < 0.01) and 24-hours urinary protein excretion (r = -0.32,P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum 25-OH-D levels in SLE patients decrease and have close relationship with disease activity and renal lesions.

Objective To analyze and compare burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China, 1990 and 2010. Methods The indicators including prevalence, death, years of life lost(YLL),years lived with disability(YLD), and disability adjusted of life years(DALY) of malignant tumor from the results of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 were used to calculate the standardized prevalence rate, mortality rate, YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate with the 2010 national census data. The research described the prevalence, death, and burden of disease caused by malignant tumor and analyze the trend of these indicators in 1990 and 2010 in China. Results In China from 1990 to 2010, the standardized prevalence rate of malignant tumor increased from 529.76/100 000 to 749.57/100 000(increased by 41.49%); the standardized mortality rate decreased from 196.57/100 000 to 169.88/100 000 (decreased by 13.58%);the standardized DALY rate decreased from 5 206.56/100 000 to 4 150.86/100 000. In 2010, the top five standardized DALY rate of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. Their standardized DALY rate were 892.21/100 000, 787.40/100 000, 521.36/100 000, 303.95/100 000, and 269.94/100 000, respectively. In all kind of malignant tumors, the burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate. The standardized mortality rate of lung cancer increased from 34.78/100 000 in 1990 to 41.09/100 000 in 2010;the standardized DALY rate increased from 830.77/100 000 in 1990 to 892.21/100 000 in 2010. The burden of disease of gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate. The standardized mortality rate of gastric cancer decreased from 39.65/100 000 in 1990 to 23.79/100 000 in 2010; the standardized DALY rate decreased from 968.96/100 000 in 1990 to 521.36/100 000 in 2010. Conclusion The burden of disease caused by malignant tumor in China remained at high levels in 2010. The top five burden of disease of malignant tumor were lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. The burden of disease of lung cancer had the fastest-growing rate and gastric cancer had the fastest-falling rate from 1990 to 2010 in China. Prevention and control of malignant tumor was still difficult.