Obesity and its related metabolic diseases have become a major global public health threat, and its rising incidence significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and other complications. Pancreatic lipase is a key enzyme that converts food-borne lipids into triglycerides and fatty acids, and the effective inhibition of its activity has become an important strategy for the treatment of obesity. This paper discusses the screening methods of pancreatic lipase inhibitors, and summarizes and reviews the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages and application status of traditional screening methods, modern new screening methods and virtual screening methods. In view of the problems faced by the screening methods of pancreatic lipase inhibitors, future research urgently needs to move towards a collaborative innovation path of multi-technology integration, intelligent screening and complex systematization of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to open up new research paradigms.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of modified Xiehuangsan in treating tic disorders （TD） based on microglial polarization and the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor （NF）-κB pathway. MethodsSeventy-two Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly assigned into six groups： control， model， tiapride （0.025 g·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （12， 24， 48 g·kg^-1， respectively） modified Xiehuangsan， with 12 rats in each group. Except the control group， the other groups received intraperitoneal injection of 3，3'-iminodipropionitrile （IDPN） for 7 consecutive days for the modeling of TD. After successful modeling， the control and model groups were given normal saline via gavage， and the other groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage. After 28 days of continuous intervention， rat behaviors were observed， and the modified Xiehuangsan group showing the best anti-TD effect was selected for deciphering the treatment mechanism. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted to observe morphological changes in the rat striatum. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of CD16 and CD206 in the striatum. Real-time PCR was employed to measure the mRNA levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， IL-4， TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in the striatum. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba1）， Fc receptor family for immunoglobulin （Ig）G type Ⅲ （CD16）， mannose receptor （CD206）， TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in the striatum. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed increased stereotyped behaviors， locomotor activity， total movement distance， and movement speed， shortened resting time （P<0.01）， and noticeable pathological changes in the striatum. Compared with the model group， the tiapride group and modified Xiehuangsan groups exhibited reduced stereotyped behavior， locomotor activity， total movement distance， and movement speed， prolonged resting time （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and alleviated pathological changes in the striatum. Among the modified Xiehuangsan groups， the high-dose group had the best intervention effect and the mildest pathological changes. Therefore， the high-dose group was selected for further research. Compared with the control group， the modeling of TD increased Iba1 and CD16 expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， up-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， down-regulated the mRNA level of IL-4 （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and MyD88 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and up-regulated the protein level of NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， modified Xiehuangsan reduced Iba1 and CD16 expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， up-regulated the protein level of CD206 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， down-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNF-α （P<0.05）， up-regulated the mRNA level of IL-4 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionModified Xiehuangsan demonstrated a definite therapeutic effect on TD in rats. It may reduce neuroinflammation in TD rats by regulating the polarization of microglia in the striatum via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

(±)-Talapyrones A-F (1-6), six pairs of dimeric polyketide enantiomers featuring unusual 6/6/6 and 6/6/6/5 ring systems, were isolated from the fungus Talaromyces adpressus. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and HR-ESI-MS data, and their absolute configurations were elucidated using a modified Mosher's method and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. (±)-Talapyrones A-F (1-6) possess a 6/6/6 tricyclic skeleton, presumably formed through a Michael addition reaction between one molecule of α-pyrone derivative and one molecule of C₈ poly-β-keto chain. In addition, compounds 2/3 and 4/5 are two pairs of C-18 epimers, respectively. Putative biosynthetic pathways of 1-6 were discussed.
Polyketides/isolation & purification* ; Talaromyces/chemistry* ; Stereoisomerism ; Molecular Structure ; Circular Dichroism ; Pyrones/chemistry*

Abstract The global prevalence of non-suicidal self-harm (NSSI) among adolescents is becoming increasingly severe. Traditional mental health services are struggling to meet the growing social demand due to limited resource allocation and service accessibility. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology provides a new technological path. The article systematically reviews the research progress of AI technology in adolescent NSSI, demonstrating key technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and deep learning in predicting NSSI risk prediction, emotion recognition and online intervention for adolescents. However, challenges remain, including algorithm bias, data privacy protection, model interpretability and ethical decision making. Future research should focus on multi disciplinary collaborative cooperation based on artificial intelligence to build a safe, effective and sustainable digital psychological intervention system, so as to provide innovative strategies and technical support for the early warning and intervention of NSSI behavior in adolescents.

Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and highly heterogeneous psychiatric disorder. Current antipsychotic medications show limited effectiveness in treating negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysfunction of inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, leading to inhibitory circuit dysregulation, plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of the disorder. Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and brain organoid technologies have provided more accurate human-based models of schizophrenia, offering new avenues to investigate the complex neurodevelopmental mechanism of schizophrenia and to explore cell replacement therapies. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that transplantation of specific types of GABAergic interneuron precursors into the brain can selectively improve negative symptoms and cognitive deficits in animal models, highlighting considerable translational potential. However, the transition from bench to bedside still faces multiple technical and ethical challenges, enhancing cell differentiation efficiency, ensuring long-term safety of transplanted cells, achieving precise control and functional integration of neuronal subtypes, understanding circuit-specific contributions to different symptom domains, and establishing rigorous ethical and regulatory frameworks. In summary, inhibitory GABAergic interneuron-based cell therapy provides a novel theoretical and perspective foundation for improving negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite significant challenges ahead, its prospects remain highly promising.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EG)is a rare disease characterized by abnormal infiltration of eosinophils(Eos)in gastrointestinal tissues.Due to the unclear pathogenesis of EG and the lack of effective therapeutic drugs,research on its novel mechanisms,targets and drugs is critical.This article starts by outlining the research progress in the pathogenesis of EG,involving IgE mediated typeⅠimmediate allergic reactions and T helper 2 cell(Th2)mediated delayed allergic reactions.Then,the related targets of EG are summarized,including Th2 cytokines and factors regulating Eos function,but there has been no breakthrough in the treatment of these targets.Finally,the therapeutic drugs for EG are reviewed,such as glucocorticoids,antiallergic drugs and biologics.The advantages and disadvantages of various drugs are also described.However,these drugs cannot meet the current demands of clinical treatment and there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic drugs.It is believed that multi-target therapy is an ideal treatment for EG,and that traditional Chinese medicine and natural products should be the priorities of research and development for EG therapeutic drugs in the future.This review is expected to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment strategies and drug development of EG.

Objective To explore the effect of plasma-activated gas(PAG)in promoting wound healing.Methods The pro-healing effect of PAG was explored by testing the effectiveness of PAG in promoting cell proliferation and healing of infected wounds.Cell proliferation assay:five different cells(i.e.,HSF,IHSMC,WPMY-1,HaCaT,and HFF)in logarithmic growth phase were inoculated into culture plates.After the cells grew adherently to the wall,the different cells were each grouped experimentally using a suitable time gradient.After the cells were treated with PAG for different time,their activity was detected by CCK-8 method.Animal infected wound healing assay:a wound of about 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm in size was created on the back of SD rats with sterile tweezers and scissors,and then the wound was infected with P.Aeruginosa with A600nm=6.5.After the infection was completed,the wounds were treated with PAG at regular intervals,and the experiment groups were subdivided according to the different treatment durations.Wound healing photographs and changes in relative wound area were used as indicators of healing performance.Results Cell proliferation assay:PAG treatment was effective in promoting cell proliferation for a reasonable period of time,while overdose led to cell death.Therefore,the dose of cells treated with plasma activation gas was defined as=W/N(J/cell),where W is the work consumed by the activation gas device during the treatment process and N is the number of cells.The three indexes(starting dose,optimal dose and safe dose range)were used to characterize the proliferative effect of PAG.Animal infected wound healing assay:the experimental groups all showed accelerated wound healing,so the optimal treatment time was used to characterize the pro-healing effect of PAG.The sterilization mode played a primary role,with an optimal treatment time of 2 min,and the pro-healing mode played a secondary role.The treatment conditions with the best overall healing effect were 2 min for the sterilization mode and 1 min for the pro-healing mode.Conclusion PAG has the effect of promoting cell proliferation and infected wound healing,and indicators can be summarized to quantitatively describe its effect,which is conducive to further standardization of PAG research and clinical utility.

[Objective]To explore and analyze the thoughts of medical and Yiology of the book Waijing Weiyan written by CHEN Shiduo,a medical doctor from Zhejiang Province in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.[Methods]By means of literature research method,this paper sorted out and screened the articles related to the thoughts of medicine and Yiology in the book and studied them,discussed and analysed CHEN Shiduo's thoughts of medical and Yiology on"the trigrams of the Zhouyi""The River Vehicle Theory""The Nine Palaces and Eight Winds""Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",etc.,discussing to explore the connotation of the thoughts of medicine and Yiology in Waijing Weiyan.[Results]The chapters of Waijing Weiyan,which mainly embody the ideas of medical thinking,include"The Mingmen is the Governor of Meridians""Inability of Water to Restrict Fire""Nomenclature of the Eight King of Wind""Relief of Yang Disease and Relief of Yin Disease",etc.The thoughts of medical and Yiology contained therein is mainly reflected in five aspects,namely,expending the imagery of"Kan"and"Li"to explain the doctrine of Mingmen;using the"Ji-Ji Hexagram"interpreting the water and fire of the human body;innovating the River Vehicle Theory in Taoism to explain the pathway lifting and lowering of Qi;inheriting the thoughts of Nine Palaces and Eight Winds,and rationally treating the eight winds occupancy;proposing the twelve"times of exuberance of Qi"to discuss the prognosis of diseases by day and night.[Conclusion]Waijing Weiyan shows the main contents of CHEN Shiduo's thoughts of medicine and Yiology,reflecting his academic characteristics such as emphasizing the coordination of water and fire and the elevation of Qi,advocating the compatibility of thoughts of medicine and Yiology with the actual medical practice,and being good at explaining the medical theories with the tools of medical and Yiology.The study of the theory of medicine and Yiology in Waijing Weiyan helps to understand and grasp the essence of CHEN Shiduo's medical thoughts,and provides ideas for the study and development of the academic thoughts of the Zhejiang school of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective:To explore the surgical efficacy of cervical cerclage with cervical length (CL) <10 mm and emergency cerclage.Methods:From January 2013 to June 2022, a total of 98 singleton pregnant women who underwent ultrasound-indicated cervical cerclage because of CL<10 mm in the second trimester and underwent emergency cervical cerclage because of cervical dilation found by physical examination in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled. The differences in clinical data between the <34 weeks delivery group (25 cases) and the ≥34 weeks delivery group (73 cases) were compared. Meanwhile, according to different cervical status, they were divided into CL<10 mm group (43 cases) and cervical dilatation group (55 cases), and the cervical dilatation group was further divided into cervical dilatation <4 cm group and cervical dilatation ≥4 cm group. The clinical data and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with different cervical status were compared.Results:(1) There were significant differences in the proportion of preoperative CL<10 mm and the degree of preoperative cervical dilation between the <34 weeks delivery group and the ≥34 weeks delivery group (all P<0.05). (2) After cervical cerclage, compared with women in the cervical dilatation group, the prolonged gestational age in the CL<10 mm group was longer [(10.5±4.6) vs (14.3±3.4) weeks], the gestational age at delivery was later (median: 35.7 vs 38.0 weeks), the preterm birth rates before 37 and 34 weeks were lower, the late abortion rate was lower [9% (5/55) vs 0 (0/43)], and the newborn birth weight was higher, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3) Compared with the cervical dilation ≥4 cm group, the prolonged gestational age of the cervical dilatation <4 cm group was longer [(7.5±5.3) vs (11.1±4.2) weeks], the gestational age at delivery was later (median: 29.2 vs 36.0 weeks), and the birth weight of the newborn was higher (all P<0.05). The late abortion rate of cervical dilatation <4 cm group was lower than that of cervical dilatation ≥4 cm group [7% (3/45) vs 2/10; P=0.220]. Conclusions:Timely cervical cerclage in individuals with CL<10 mm could reduce preterm birth rate before 34 weeks gestation, and the pregnancy outcome is better than that of individuals with cervical dilation. Moreover, the pregnancy outcome of cervical cerclage in women with cervical dilation <4 cm is significantly better than that in women with cervical dilatation ≥4 cm.

[Objective]To thoroughly analyze the disease location of dampness treated by Baizhu Fuzi Decoction in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber,improve the accuracy of dampness treatment in clinical practice,and gain insights into ZHANG Zhongjing's therapeutic principles and medication strategies for dampness,thereby providing clinical references.[Methods]Through literature review,the study systematically summarized the perspectives of classical commentators,analyzed the pathogenesis of"hard stool and free urination"in the syndrome of Baizhu Fuzi Decoction,and employed textual cross-referencing to compare the meaning of the term"within the skin"in different passages to corroborate the disease location addressed by the formula.Additionally,the study referenced classical materia medica books to elucidate the pharmacological effects of Atractylodes macrocephala(Baizhu)and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi),further substantiating the formula's efficacy.[Results]The symptoms of"hard stool and free urination"in the syndrome of Baizhu Fuzi Decoction are primarily caused by spleen-kidney Yang deficiency,impaired QI transformation and failure to retain body fluids.The formula excels in treating dampness characterized by"dampness in the exterior with concurrent interior Yang deficiency"where the disease location is neither purely exterior nor purely interior.The combination of Atractylodes macrocephala(Baizhu)and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)not only dispels dampness from the exterior but also warms and tonifies the spleen and kidneys,achieving"simultaneous treatment of exterior and interior."The formula effectively resolves exterior dampness and restores interior Yang while embodying ZHANG Zhongjing's academic philosophy of"preventing disease before its onset and managing disease progression".[Conclusion]Baizhu Fuzi Decoction is indicated for dampness syndromes involving both exterior and interior,demonstrating remarkable efficacy in dispelling exterior dampness and warming interior Yang.Through dual verification via literature and formula analysis,this study clarifies the formula's indications,reveals ZHANG Zhongjing's therapeutic strategy of combining attack and supplementation while preventing disease progression,and provides a clinical paradigm of"addressing both exterior and interior while prioritizing prevention"for dampness treatment.The findings offer significant insights for expanding the application of classical formulas.