Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China， and its common complications include digestive system abnormalities， cognitive impairment， depression， stroke-associated pneumonia， and hemiplegia. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has great potential in treating post-stroke complications. Xinglou Chengqitang （XLCQT） is a representative prescription of alleviating the disease in the upper part by treating the lower part. It has definite therapeutic effect and high safety. Clinically， XLCQT is often used to treat stroke and its complications. However， the quantity and quality of clinical trials of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications need to be improved. Additionally， since the basic research is weak， the material basis and multi-target mechanism for the efficacy of this prescription are unknown. This article reviews XLCQT in terms of the pharmacodynamic basis， medicinal properties， safety evaluation， and progress in clinical research and mechanisms in treating post-stroke complications. This article summarizes 22 key active ingredients of XLCQT in treating acute stroke complicated with syndrome of phlegm heat and fu-organ excess. Among these key active ingredients， resveratrol， kaempferol， luteolin， chrysoeriol， apigenin， （+）-catechin， and adenosine have good pharmacokinetic properties and high bioavailability. The mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications are complex， including inflammatory response， brain-gut axis， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， intestinal flora， neurotrophic factors， autophagy， oxidative stress， and free radical damage. This review helps to deeply understand the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of XLCQT against post-stroke complications and the development of drugs.

Objective: To systematically characterize the developmental trajectory and interdisciplinary integration of intelligent diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) through quantitative topic evolution analysis, we addressed the fragmentation of existing research and clarified the long-term research structure and evolutionary patterns of the field. Methods: A topic evolution analysis was performed on Chinese-language literature pertaining to intelligent diagnosis in TCM. Publications were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), covering the period from database inception to July 3, 2025. A hybrid segmentation approach, based on cumulative publication growth trends and inflection point detection, was applied to divide the research timeline into distinct stages. Subsequently, the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model was used to extract research topics, followed by alignment and evolutionary analysis of topics across different stages. Results: A total of 3 919 publications published between 2003 and 2025 were included, and the research trajectory was divided into five stages based on data-driven breakpoint detection. The field exhibited a clear evolutionary shift from early rule-based systems and tongue-pulse image and signal analysis (2006 – 2010), to machine-learning-based syndrome and prescription modeling (2011 – 2015), followed by deep-learning-driven pattern recognition and formula association (2016 – 2020). Since 2021, research has increasingly emphasized knowledge-graph construction, multimodal integration, and intelligent clinical decision-support systems, with recent studies (2024 – 2025) showing the emergence of large language models and agent-based diagnostic frameworks. Topic evolution analysis further revealed sustained cross-stage continuity in syndrome modeling and prescription association analysis, alongside the progressive consolidation of integrated intelligent diagnostic platforms. Conclusion By identifying key technological transitions and persistent core research themes, our findings offer a structured reference framework for the design of intelligent diagnostic systems, the construction of knowledge-driven clinical decision-support tools, and the alignment of AI models with TCM diagnostic logic. Importantly, the stage-based evolutionary insights derived from this analysis can inform future methodological choices, improve model interpretability and clinical applicability, and support the translation of intelligent TCM diagnosis from experimental research to real-world clinical practice.

The Pharmacovigilance Guidelines for Clinical Application of Oral Chinese Patent Medicines （hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines） is first specialized in the field of drug safety for oral Chinese patent medicines （OCPMs） in China. Rooted in China's healthcare context， the Guidelines address the unique usage patterns and risk characteristics of OCPMs， filling a regulatory gap in the pharmacovigilance framework specific to this category. To facilitate accurate understanding and effective implementation of the Guidelines， and to promote the standardized development of pharmacovigilance practices for OCPMs， this study offered a systematic interpretation based on its three core components. In the domain of risk monitoring and reporting， the paper analyzed the rationale for multi-source information integration and clarified the criteria for identifying key products and target populations for intensive monitoring. Regarding risk assessment， the Guidelines were examined from three dimensions of formulation components， medication behaviors， and population to address complex safety issues arising from medicinal constituents， irrational use， and individual susceptibility. In the area of risk control， the analysis focused on context-based interventions and dynamic closed-loop management strategies， exploring practical pathways to shift from passive response to proactive risk mitigation. Furthermore， this paper evaluated the applied value of the Guidelines and identified implementation challenges， such as insufficient capacity at the primary-care level and limited digital infrastructure. In response， the study proposed optimization strategies including establishing a dynamic updating mechanism， strengthening training at the grassroots level， and incorporating artificial intelligence to enhance pharmacovigilance capacity. This interpretation aims to provide actionable insights for marketing authorization holders （including manufacturers）， pharmaceutical distributors， healthcare institutions， and research organizations， ultimately supporting the establishment and refinement of a full lifecycle pharmacovigilance system for OCPMs.

Objective: To design and establish a new method for flow cytometry-based detection of commonly observed highly expressed antigens on red blood cells, and to further evaluate the differences and distribution characteristics of antigen expression levels between ABO blood type homozygotes and heterozygotes in healthy individuals. Methods: Residual blood samples after donor blood type identification by Shanghai Blood Center in April 2024 were collected. Among them, samples of 19 homozygous and 19 heterozygous individuals of type A and type B were selected. Then the expression level of ABO antigen on red blood cells were detected using the new method established in this study and the traditional aldehyde fixed red blood cell method. Both methods were tested independently three times and the results were compared. Results: The mean values of the three detection results of the new method was (×10 /RBC): AA homozygous 3.3±0.5, AO heterozygous 2.8±0.3, BB homozygous 3.6±0.3, BO heterozygous 3.1±2.8. The mean values of the three detection results of the aldehyde fixation method were AA homozygous 5.9±0.9, AO heterozygous 5.0±1.4, BB homozygous 3.8±0.6, and BO heterozygous 3.3±0.4. The average antigen distribution of each genotype followed a normal distribution. Comparing the average antigen expression levels of homozygotes and heterozygotes, both methods showed that A/B homozygotes had higher antigen levels than heterozygotes, with AA being 1.17 to 1.18 times that of AO and BB being 1.15 to 1.16 times that of BO. Comparing the inter batch differences in the three test results of two methods, the new method showed no significant difference in the three test results for four genotypes (P>0.05). The aldehyde fixation method showed significant differences in the test results for all three genotypes (P<0.01) except for BB homozygotes (P>0.05). The reliability and reproducibility of the new method were better than those of the traditional aldehyde fixation method. Conclusion: The antigen expression level of ABO homozygotes is higher than that of heterozygotes, and the difference in antigen level between type A homozygotes and heterozygotes is slightly higher than that of type B. The new method is superior to traditional aldolization fixation methods.

Objective To analyze white matter hyperintensities(WMH)and 11C-CFT PET/CT characteristics in patients with PD,and explore their relationship.Methods A total of 84 PD pa-tients admitted to our department between March 2021 and March 2025 were retrospectively en-rolled,and they were divided into young group(33 cases)and elderly group(aged＞65 years,51 cases)and also into non-WMH group(22 cases)and WMH group(62 cases)based on the severity of WMH.The degree of white matter lesions was scored,including periventricular white matter hyperintense(PVH)score and deep white matter hyperintense(DWMH)score.All patients un-derwent head MRI and 11C-CFT-PET/CT scanning.The T/N value and asymmetry index were calculated.Results The elderly PD patients exhibited significantly advanced age and higher H-Y stages,but lower T/N values of affected side of caudate nucleus,contralateral caudate nucleus,affected side of anterior putamen,contralateral anterior putamen and contralateral posterior puta-men,and posterior putamen asymmetry index than the young patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Simi-lar results were observed in the WMH group when compared with the non-WMH group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The PVH score was negatively correlated with the T/N values of affected side of caudate nucleus(r=-0.282,P=0.009),contralateral caudate nucleus(r=-0.215,P=0.049),affected side of anterior putamen(r=-0.249,P=0.022),contralateral anterior putamen(r=-0.280,P=0.010)and contralateral posterior putamen(r=-0.285,P=0.009),and DWMH score was also negatively correlated with the T/N values in the affected side of caudate nucleus and affected side of anterior putamen(P＜0.05).Conclusion Both age and disease severity impact WMH and dopaminergic system in PD patients.A higher WMH load is associated with dopamin-ergic neuronal damage.

Purpose To explore the role of translesion synthesis-related gene NmrA like redox sensor 1(NMRAL1)in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Methods Bioinformatics analysis was em-ployed to investigate the expression of the NMRAL1 gene across various cancer types and its correlation with prognosis.Immunohistochemistry was utilized to analyze the expression pattern of NMRAL1 in PTC and conduct clinicopathological correlation analysis.Additionally,stable cell lines overexpressing NMRAL1 were established in TPC-1 cells.The effects of NMRAL1 overexpression on cell proliferation,migration,and invasion of TPC-1 and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were assessed using CCK-8 assay,clonogenic assay,Transwell assay,and scratch assay,respectively.Furthermore,RT-qPCR experiments were conducted to investigate the regulatory effect of NMRAL1 on the expression of genes associated with translesion DNA synthesis.Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that NMRAL1 was highly expressed in all 26 types of tumors compared to normal tissues in the TCGA x GTEx dataset.Patients with high expression of NMRAL1 in thyroid cancer had significantly lower survival rates than those with low expression(P＜0.05).In the immunohisto-chemical validation of 30 PTC samples,NMRAL1 had a positive rate of 73.33％,in PTC tissues,while it was not ex-pressed in adjacent normal thyroid tissues.The staining intensity scores of NMRAL1 in PTC and adjacent tissues exhib-it significant differences(P＜0.000 1).High expression of NMRAL1 was associated with the size of the tumor(P=0.027 4)and lymph node metastasis(P=0.044 1).In vitro functional experiments revealed a significant enhance-ment in both cell proliferation and migration/invasion capacities upon overexpression of NMRAL1(P＜0.05).Moreo-ver,mRNA and protein expression levels of translesion synthesis-related genes were upregulated(P＜0.001).Con-clusion NMRAL1 promotes proliferation and migration of thyroid carcinoma cells,suggesting that this function may be achieved by enhancing DNA damage repair capacity,thereby improving the survival of damaged cells.

Objective:To investigate the targets and mechanisms of cycloastragenol in ameliorating azithromycin-induced drug-induced liver injury(DILI)based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiment validation.Methods:Potential targets of cycloastragenol and DILI were predicted using databases.The common and key targets were screened and subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses,as well as molecular docking validation.Primary hepatocytes from C57BL/6 mice were isolated.The optimal concentration and time for azithromycin-induced DILI in mouse primary hepatocytes were determined using CCK8 and ROS assays.The expression of genes and proteins such as NF-κB p65,p-NF-κB p65,AMPKα,and p-AMPKα was assessed using RT-qPCR and Western blot to evaluate the intervention effect of cycloastragenol(10-50 μmol/L).Results:Network pharmacology analysis identified 10 key genes related to cycloastragenol's improvement of DILI,including heat shock protein 90AA1(HSP90AA1),matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2),etc.GO enrichment analysis suggested that cycloastragenol primarily regulates biological processes such as membrane potential and chemical synaptic transmission,and affects cellular components such as neuronal cell bodies and distal axons,and related kinase activities.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that it mainly exerts intervention effects through neuro-signaling pathways and IL-17 signaling pathways.Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding of cycloastragenol to HSP90AA1,MMP2,NF-κB p65,AMPKα,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),heme oxygenase 1(HO-1),and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1),with a binding energy≤-5.0 kcal/mol for Nrf2.In vitro experiments showed that azithromycin(50 μmol/L,12 h)significantly reduced hepatocyte viability and increased ROS levels(P＜0.01).Different concentrations of cycloastragenol significantly improved the activity of mouse primary hepatocytes,reduced the generation of intracellular ROS,downregulated the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65,and upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of AMPKα,Nrf2,HO-1,NQO1(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Cycloastragenol may alleviate azithromycin-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation and activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway,with its mechanism likely closely linked to targeting Nrf2.However,the complex mechanisms of DILI may involve additional unverified pathways.Therefore,further studies are necessary to validate the efficacy and safety of cycloastragenol in animal models.

Objective:To investigate the role of vitamin E succinate (VES) in inducing autophagy of human gastric cancer cells by activating calcium redistribution through inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP 3R) pathway. Methods:Human gastric cancer lines MKN28 (moderately differentiated) and MKN45 (poorly differentiated) cells were cultured in vitro in March 2022. Gastric cancer cells were treated with VES at different doses for 24 h, and cell viability was measured by CCK-8 method to determine VES dose for subsequent study. The experiment was set up with solvent control group (0.1% ethanol), VES dose groups, 100 nmol/L rapamycin (RAPA) as autophagy positive control group (RAPA group), 15 μg/ml tunicamycin (TM) was used as the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) positive control group (TM group), 10 μmol/ml 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB group) was used to inhibit IP 3R (2-APB group) and VES+2-APB group. The occurrence of autophagosomes in gastric cancer cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, IP 3R, glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75), voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein expression was detected by western blotting. Fluo-4 AM was used to label intracellular calcium ions, Rhod-2 AM was used to label mitochondrial calcium ions, and the fluorescence intensity of calcium ions was observed by fluorescence microscope. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the means among multiple groups, and LSD- t method was used for pairwise comparison. Results:CCK-8 results showed that compared with solvent control group, the proliferation rates of MKN28 cells in 10-100 μg/ml VES group and MKN45 cells in 20-100 μg/ml VES group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Subsequent VES dosages were determined according to the growth curve, MKN28 was 5, 10, 20, 40 μg/ml, and MKN45 was 10, 20, 40, 80 μg/ml. The results of transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence showed that autophagosomes were formed in MKN28 cells in 5 and 20 μg/ml VES groups and MKN45 cells in 10 and 40 μg/ml VES groups, and the fluorescence intensity of calcium ions in cytoplasm and mitochondria was significantly higher than that in solvent control group ( P<0.05). Compared with solvent control group, LC3, Beclin1, IP 3R, Grp75 and VDAC1 protein expressions of MKN28 cells in 20 and 40 μg/ml VES groups and MKN45 cells in 40 and 80 μg/ml VES groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05). After inhibiting IP 3R with 2-APB, the expression levels of IP 3R, Grp75 and VDAC1 in two kinds of gastric cancer cells in VES+2-APB group were significantly decreased compared with VES group ( P<0.05). The fluorescence results showed that the fluorescence intensity of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial calcium ions in VES+2-APB groups was significantly lower than that in VES group ( P<0.05). Compared with VES group, LC3 and Beclin1 protein expressions in two kinds of gastric cancer cells in VES+2-APB groups were significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:VES may activate intracellular calcium redistribution through IP 3R-Grp75-VDAC1 calcium channel and induce autophagy in gastric cancer cells.

Coronary heart disease with angina pectoris,characterized by myocardial ischemic injury as its fundamental pathological mechanism,represents a prevalent cardiovascular condition.The"State-Target Differential Diagnosis and Treatment"presents a holistic regulatory framework,integrating macroscopic state regulation with microscopic targeting.Guided by this approach,the pathological evolution of coronary heart disease is examined through four dimensions:"state-target-cause-effect."The"cause"encompasses both the pathogenesis and etiological factors of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.The"effect"manifests as adverse cardiovascular events,including myocardial infarction and heart failure.The"state"delineates the progressive development pattern of qi to blood to deficiency,beginning with qi stagnation and cold congealment in the initial stage,followed by blood stasis and phlegm obstruction in the intermediate stage,and culminating in qi-blood deficiency in the advanced stage.The"target"encompasses multi-level therapeutic interventions addressing both symptomatic manifestations and clinical indicators.Building on this theoretical foundation,this research focuses on the pattern of qi sinking and blood stasis commonly observed in late-stage angina,systematically elucidating its state regulation and targeting therapeutic strategies.Using the clinical empirical formula Shengxian Quyu Decoction as the baseline state prescription,an in-depth investigation was conducted to determine optimal combination patterns of symptom-and biomarker-targeted medications.This study aims to establish a modernized differential treatment system for angina pectoris with the pattern of qi sinking and blood stasis,providing novel research perspectives and theoretical foundations for enhancing clinical efficacy and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.

Based on the analysis of relevant policy documents,industry data,and case studies,this paper systematically reviews the current situation,policy environment,and usage of intra-hospital formulations in medical institutions in Guangzhou,and compares them with policies in other countries.It is found that although Guangzhou has achieved certain results in terms of policy support,number of varieties,and usage range of intra-hospital formulations,there are also problems such as limited pro-duction capacity,inadequate quality control,insufficient research and development investment,increasing cost pressure,and in-adequate protection of intellectual property rights.Therefore,this paper suggests the establishment of a regional Chinese medicine formulation industrial park,the development of new dosage forms and technologies,the expansion of medical insurance coverage,the strengthening of research platform construction,and the promotion of multidimensional achievement transformation to promote the high quality development of the intra-hospital formulation industry in Guangzhou.