Gastric cancer （GC） has an insidious onset and is mostly diagnosed in the middle and late stages after clinical detection. It is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rates in the world. At present， the treatment plans are optimized mainly in terms of surgery， radiotherapy， and intervention， while the endpoints of clinical trials， such as patients' overall survival， progression-free survival， and disease-free survival， are still unsatisfactory. Therefore， effectively delaying the dynamic inflammation-cancer transformation has become an urgent bottleneck in the prevention and treatment of GC. In 1920s， Professor Otto Warburg discovered the phenomenon that tumor cells can accelerate glycolysis. Since then， the abnormal metabolic network inside tumor cells has gradually entered into researchers' view， and the hot academic research topic of metabolic reprogramming has been proposed. Tumor cells can meet their own energy consumption and adapt to external changes by adjusting their metabolic pathways to achieve rapid proliferation. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is resolutely pursuing innovation in inheritance and the continuous refinement of research has led to the precision-oriented transition of TCM theories. Therefore， linking TCM with the treatment of tumors and precancerous diseases has certain research connotations. The searching and review of the publications in this field revealed that the number of publications in tumor-related metabolism increased dramatically， while there were only a few studies using TCM as a therapeutic solution. The research group has long been committed to the study of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer （PLGC） in Chinese and Western medicine. This article explained the dynamic process of inflammation-cancer transformation from the perspective of spleen deficiency-Qi stagnation-collateral stasis. The molecules of hypoxia-inducible factor （HIF）-1α， cancer-Myc （c-Myc）， apolipoprotein E （APOE） and pyruvate kinase M2 （PKM2） were selected to reflect the biological connotation of inflammation-cancer transformation. The current achievements of TCM in regulating the metabolic reprogramming to intervene in inflammation-cancer transformation were summarized， with a view to providing more information for TCM to intervene in the inflammation-cancer transformation of gastric mucosa.

Gastric cancer （GC） has an insidious onset and is mostly diagnosed in the middle and late stages after clinical detection. It is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rates in the world. At present， the treatment plans are optimized mainly in terms of surgery， radiotherapy， and intervention， while the endpoints of clinical trials， such as patients' overall survival， progression-free survival， and disease-free survival， are still unsatisfactory. Therefore， effectively delaying the dynamic inflammation-cancer transformation has become an urgent bottleneck in the prevention and treatment of GC. In 1920s， Professor Otto Warburg discovered the phenomenon that tumor cells can accelerate glycolysis. Since then， the abnormal metabolic network inside tumor cells has gradually entered into researchers' view， and the hot academic research topic of metabolic reprogramming has been proposed. Tumor cells can meet their own energy consumption and adapt to external changes by adjusting their metabolic pathways to achieve rapid proliferation. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is resolutely pursuing innovation in inheritance and the continuous refinement of research has led to the precision-oriented transition of TCM theories. Therefore， linking TCM with the treatment of tumors and precancerous diseases has certain research connotations. The searching and review of the publications in this field revealed that the number of publications in tumor-related metabolism increased dramatically， while there were only a few studies using TCM as a therapeutic solution. The research group has long been committed to the study of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer （PLGC） in Chinese and Western medicine. This article explained the dynamic process of inflammation-cancer transformation from the perspective of spleen deficiency-Qi stagnation-collateral stasis. The molecules of hypoxia-inducible factor （HIF）-1α， cancer-Myc （c-Myc）， apolipoprotein E （APOE） and pyruvate kinase M2 （PKM2） were selected to reflect the biological connotation of inflammation-cancer transformation. The current achievements of TCM in regulating the metabolic reprogramming to intervene in inflammation-cancer transformation were summarized， with a view to providing more information for TCM to intervene in the inflammation-cancer transformation of gastric mucosa.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab in the treatment of advanced non- small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. METHODS Computerized searches were conducted in PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， CNKI， Wanfang and other Chinese and English databases to collect randomized controlled trials （RCTs） on tislelizumab for advanced NSCLC. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to December 2024. After strictly screening the literature， extracting data and conducting quality evaluations in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria， a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software. RESULTS A total of 18 RCTs involving 2 337 patients were included， with 1 283 in the experimental group and 1 054 in the control group. The meta-analysis results showed that the objective response rate [RR＝1.61， 95%CI （1.48， 1.75）， P＜0.000 01]， disease control rate [RR＝1.21， 95%CI （1.13， 1.29）， P＜0.000 01]， progression free survival [HR＝0.55， 95%CI （0.45， 0.66）， P＜0.000 01]， and overall survival [HR＝0.78， 95%CI（0.62， 0.97）， P＝0.03] were significantly better in the experimental group than in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups [RR＝1.00， 95%CI （0.73， 1.37）， P＝1.00]； among the common adverse reactions， only the incidence of liver function impairment was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group [RR＝1.30， 95%CI （1.10， 1.54）， P＜0.01]. CONCLUSIONS Tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy or targeted drugs significantly improves the efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC without increasing the risk of adverse reactions overall. However， liver function should be closely monitored during treatment.

Objective: To summarize the laboratory findings of a case of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) caused by Rh system anti-c antibodies and to review the literature, so as to explore the characteristics of anti-c HDFN. Methods: The ABO blood type, Rh blood type, direct antiglobulin test (DAT) results, and the presence of unexpected antibodies and their titers were determined by serological methods. The cases of anti-c HDFN in our laboratory in China and abroad were statistically analyzed, and the incidence of severe HDFN caused by anti-c, anti-D and anti-E was compared. Results: The blood type of the child was B (Rh CcDee) with a positive DAT. Anti-c antibody was detected in both serum and eluate, with a serum antibody titer of 4. The mother’s blood type was AB (Rh CCDee) with a negative DAT, and anti-c antibody was detected in the serum with a titer of 128. Among 20 cases of anti-c HDFN, 17 were DAT positive, and 9 (45%, 9/20) underwent blood transfusion or exchange transfusion. The incidence of severe HDFN was 47.60% (10/21) for anti-c, 47.60% (10/21) for anti-D and 31.30% (5/16) for anti-E. Conclusion: Maternal pregnancy and/or blood transfusion are the main reasons for the production of Rh alloantibodies such as anti-c. The prevention and management of anti-c should be similar to that of anti-D. Rh antigen-matched (five antigens of Rh blood group) transfusion is necessary for women of childbearing age to avoid antibody production, and Rh typing and antibody screening during prenatal examination is recommended to ensure early detection, intervention and treatment.

Abstract Modern western medicine typically focuses on treating specific symptoms or diseases, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) emphasizes the interconnections of the body’s various systems under external environment and takes a holistic approach to preventing and treating diseases. Phenomics was initially introduced to the field of TCM in 2008 as a new discipline that studies the laws of integrated and dynamic changes of human clinical phenomes under the scope of the theories and practices of TCM based on phenomics. While TCM Phenomics 1.0 has initially established a clinical phenomic system centered on Zhenghou (a TCM definition of clinical phenome), bottlenecks remain in data standardization, mechanistic interpretation, and precision intervention. Here, we systematically elaborates on the theoretical foundations, technical pathways, and future challenges of integrating digital medicine with TCM phenomics under the framework of “TCM phenomics 2.0”, which is supported by digital medicine technologies such as artificial intelligence, wearable devices, medical digital twins, and multi-omics integration. This framework aims to construct a closed-loop system of “Zhenghou–Phenome–Mechanism–Intervention” and to enable the digitization, standardization, and precision of disease diagnosis and treatment. The integration of digital medicine and TCM phenomics not only promotes the modernization and scientific transformation of TCM theory and practice but also offers new paradigms for precision medicine. In practice, digital tools facilitate multi-source clinical data acquisition and standardization, while AI and big data algorithms help reveal the correlations between clinical Zhenghou phenomes and molecular mechanisms, thereby improving scientific rigor in diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and personalized intervention. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including data quality and standardization issues, shortage of interdisciplinary talents, and insufficiency of ethical and legal regulations. Future development requires establishing national data-sharing platforms, strengthening international collaboration, fostering interdisciplinary professionals, and improving ethical and legal frameworks. Ultimately, this approach seeks to build a new disease identification and classification system centered on phenomes and to achieve the inheritance, innovation, and modernization of TCM diagnostic and therapeutic patterns.

Monogenic hereditary cerebral small vessel disease （CSVD） is a group of genetic disorders characterized by cerebrovascular lesions， including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy， cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy， COL4A1 and COL4A2-related CSVD， and other rare types such as retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations and leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts. These diseases are often caused by specific gene mutations and exhibit highly heterogeneous pathological mechanisms and clinical manifestations， including inflammatory response， abnormal gene expression， and microangiopathy. The advances in imaging findings and biomarkers have provided new methods for early diagnosis， while treatment strategies include stem cell therapy， immunotherapy，gene editing， and molecular targeted therapy. However， further studies are needed to develop individualized treatment regimens for different subtypes. This article reviews the important advances in the pathogenesis， clinical features， diagnostic methods， and treatment modalities of monogenic hereditary CSVD in recent years， in order to provide guidance for future research and clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement effect and mechanism of petroleum ether extract of Saposhnikovia divaricata on rheumatoid arthritis （RA） rats by regulating neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs）. METHODS Establishment of rat RA model using bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund’s complete adjuvant. The model rats were randomly divided into model group and low-dose， middle-dose and high-dose groups （55， 110， 220 mg/kg） of petroleum ether extract of S. divaricata； the normal group without modeling was also established， with 10 rats in each group. Each group was given corresponding drugs or constant volume of 2% Tween-80 solution intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 28 days. The toe swelling degree in rats was observed， and the arthritis index （AI） was scored. The serum levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-10， IL-17， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25（OH）D3]， myeloperoxidase （MPO）， neutrophil elastase （NE） and NETs in rats were detected. The histopathological changes in ankle joint were observed. The expression of citrullinated histone H3 （CitH3） in ankle joint as well as the expressions of cytochrome P450 24A1 （CYP24A1）， cytochrome P450 27B1 （CYP27B1），vitamin D receptor （VDR） and peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 疾病。E-mail：zhongyao626@126.com （PAD4） in synovium were all determined. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the toe swelling degree and AI score in the middle-dose and high-dose groups of petroleum ether extract of S. divaricata decreased significantly from day 14 to day 28 after administration （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The serum levels of IL-1β， IL-17， TNF-α， MPO， NE and NETs decreased significantly， while the levels of IL-10 and 25（OH）D3 increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The widened ankle joint space and the improved structure were found； the expression of CitH3 in ankle joint， and the expressions of CYP24A1 and PAD4 in synovium were down-regulated significantly， while the expressions of CYP27B1 and VDR were up-regulated significantly in synovium （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The petroleum ether extract of S. divaricata may inhibit the production of NETs and improve the symptoms of RA by regulating the vitamin D system.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine （CPM） with internationally recognized tools the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation （AGEREE） Ⅱ and reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare （RIGHT）， thereby providing refe-rence for the clinical application and future development of CPM guidelines. MethodsDatabases including CNKI， VIP， Wanfang and Sinomed were searched for CPM guidelines， as well as medlive.cn， websites of China Association of Chinese Medicine and Chinese Medical Association， and reference lists of the included papers. The quality of the guidelines was evaluated using the AGREE Ⅱand RIGHT tools， and consistency tests were performed using Interclass Correlation Coefficient， and descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to analyze the reporting rate for each domain and the average score for each item. ResultsFinally， 140 CPM guidelines were included， of which 51 were disease-oriented and 89 were drug-oriented， all of which were issued by China. For 51 disease-oriented CPM guidelines， the highest average score of all six AGREE Ⅱ domains was 73.32% for clarity， and the lowest was 26.80% for application； for 89 drug-oriented CPM guidelines， the highest average score was 55.62% for scope and purpose， and the lowest was 31.32% for rigour of development. In terms of the seven domains of the RIGHT checklist， the highest reporting rate was 68.26% for background， and lowest was 27.45% for other areas regarding the disease-oriented CPM guidelines； the highest reporting rate was 61.31% for background， and the lowest was 4.49% for other areas regarding drug-oriented CPM guidelines. The average reporting rate was higher for disease-oriented than drug-oriented CPM guidelines in three domains of AGREE Ⅱ （rigour of development， clarity of presentation， editorial independence）， as well as four domains of RIGHT checklist （basic information， evidence， funding and declaration and management of interests， and other areas）. ConclusionThe overall methodology and reporting quality of the current CPM guidelines still need to be improved. It is recommended that future guideline development teams should strictly refer to the AGREE Ⅱ and RIGHT checklist， and take into account of the characteristics of CPM guidelines and relevant methodo-logical suggestions in the development and reporting of CPM guidelines， thereby guiding the clinical use of CPM in a better way.