ObjectiveTo investigate the microbial contamination status of commercially available ready-to-eat (RTE) foods in Songjiang District of Shanghai, to verify the potential food safety hazards, so as to provide a scientific basis for the local regulation of RTE foods and the prevention of foodborne diseases. MethodsA total of 882 food samples from 9 categories of RTE foods were collected in Shanghai from 2017 to 2022. Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphyloccus aureus and Bacillus cereus were detected according to the standard operating procedures in the Manual for China National Food Contamination and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring, and which were determined with reference to relevant standards. ResultsA total of 77 samples were found to carry foodborne pathogens, with a total detection rate of 8.73%. Among the 5 foodborne pathogens, Bacillus cereus had the highest detection rate (8.35%), followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (5.05%), and the difference of detection rates among the 5 foodborne pathogens was statistically significant (χ²=112.307, P<0.001). Among the 9 categories of RTE food products, the detection rate of foodborne pathogens in RTE fermented/non-fermented soybean products was the highest (27.50%), followed by cold noodles (17.33%) and raw edible aquatic products (9.50%), and the difference in the detection rates of foodborne pathogens among different RTE food categories was statistically significant (χ²=45.909, P<0.001). The detection rate of foodborne pathogens in the third quarter of the year was 10.99%, significantly higher than that in other quarters (χ²=10.329, P=0.016). The detection rate of foodborne pathogens in samples from supermarkets was highest (15.08%), followed by snack bars (11.58%), with a statistically significant difference (χ²=14.108, P=0.015). ConclusionFoodborne pathogens contamination is found in commercially available RTE foods in Songjiang District of Shanghai, especially in RTE fermented/non-fermented soybean products, RTE cold noodles and raw edible aquatic products from supermarkets, snack bars and farm products markets during summer and autumn. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen supervision and management to avoid the foodborne diseases.

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EG)is a rare disease characterized by abnormal infiltration of eosinophils(Eos)in gastrointestinal tissues.Due to the unclear pathogenesis of EG and the lack of effective therapeutic drugs,research on its novel mechanisms,targets and drugs is critical.This article starts by outlining the research progress in the pathogenesis of EG,involving IgE mediated typeⅠimmediate allergic reactions and T helper 2 cell(Th2)mediated delayed allergic reactions.Then,the related targets of EG are summarized,including Th2 cytokines and factors regulating Eos function,but there has been no breakthrough in the treatment of these targets.Finally,the therapeutic drugs for EG are reviewed,such as glucocorticoids,antiallergic drugs and biologics.The advantages and disadvantages of various drugs are also described.However,these drugs cannot meet the current demands of clinical treatment and there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic drugs.It is believed that multi-target therapy is an ideal treatment for EG,and that traditional Chinese medicine and natural products should be the priorities of research and development for EG therapeutic drugs in the future.This review is expected to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment strategies and drug development of EG.

Aim To investigate the effect and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)on ferroptosis in white adi-pocytes.Methods The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into white adipocytes by inducer stimulation.The experiment was divided into control group,Ang Ⅱ group,Ang Ⅱ+Fer-1(ferroptosis inhibitor)group and Ang Ⅱ+PFT-α(p53 inhibitor)group.Ang Ⅱ was used to treat cells.RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of ferroptosis factors and adipokines.JC-1 kit was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)level.Iron ion kit was used to detect intracellular iron content.Glutathione(GSH)kit was used to detect GSH content.Fer-1 and Ang Ⅱ were added to treat cells to detect the the changes of ferroptosis level.The expression of p53 and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1(SAT1)protein was detected.Subsequently,PFT-α and Ang Ⅱ were added to co-treat cells to detect the changes of p53 and SAT1 protein expression,and to observe the effect of inhibiting p53 expression on the expression levels of ferroptosis factors and adipokines.Results 3T3-L1 cells were successfully differentiated into white adipocytes by stimulator-induced differentiation.Ang Ⅱ induced ferroptosis in white adipocytes.RT-qPCR results showed that compared with control group,the mRNA expression of anti-ferroptosis factor glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and iron regulatory protein 1(IRP-1)was down-regulated in Ang Ⅱ group,and the mRNA expression of pro-ferroptosis factor acyl-CoA synthetase of long-chain family member 4(ACSL4)was up-regulated.Western blot results showed that compared with control group,the protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was down-regulated in Ang Ⅱ group,and the protein expression of ACSL4 was up-regulated.Ang Ⅱ treatment increased the content of intracellular iron ions and decreased the levels of GSH and MMP.Compared with Ang Ⅱ group,the mRNA expression of IRP-1 and SLC7A11 was up-regulated in Ang Ⅱ+Fer-1 group.Ang Ⅱ induced changes in the expression profile of adipokines in white adipocytes.Western blot results showed that compared with control group,the protein ex-pression of pro-inflammatory adipokine leptin(LEP),resistin(RETN),interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)was up-regulated in Ang Ⅱ group,and the protein expression of anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin(AD-PN)and omentin 1(ITLN1)was down-regulated.In addition,Ang Ⅱ increased the protein expression of p53 and SAT1.Inhibition of p53 expression can improve the level of ferroptosis and adipokine expression in white adipocytes trea-ted with Ang Ⅱ.Western blot results showed that compared with Ang Ⅱ group,the protein expression of p53 and SAT1 was down-regulated in Ang Ⅱ+PFT-α group,the protein expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was up-regulated,and the protein expression of ACSL4 was down-regulated.The protein expression of ADPN was up-regulated in Ang Ⅱ+PFT-αgroup,and the protein expression of TNF-α,LEP and RETN was down-regulated.Conclusion Ang Ⅱ induces fer-roptosis in white adipocytes through activating the p53/SAT1 signaling pathway.

The small-molecule alkaloid halofuginone (HF) is obtained from febrifugine. Recent studies on HF have aroused widespread attention owing to its universal range of noteworthy biological activities and therapeutic functions, which range from parasite infections and fibrosis to autoimmune diseases. In particular, HF is believed to play an excellent anticancer role by suppressing the proliferation, adhesion, metastasis, and invasion of cancers. This review supports the goal of demonstrating various anticancer effects and molecular mechanisms of HF. In the studies covered in this review, the anticancer molecular mechanisms of HF mainly included transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad-3/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), serine/threonine kinase proteins (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)/wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin, the exosomal microRNA-31 (miR-31)/histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) signaling pathway, and the interaction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune cells. Notably, HF, as a novel type of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent inhibitor that is often combined with prolyl transfer RNA synthetase (ProRS) and amino acid starvation therapy (AAS) to suppress the formation of ribosome, further exerts a significant effect on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, the combination of HF with other drugs or therapies obtained universal attention. Our results showed that HF has significant potential for clinical cancer treatment.

Objective:To clarify the changes in incidence and mortality of various cancers based on analysis on registration data of malignant tumor incidence and mortality from Dehui City and Yanji City in Jilin Province.Methods:The incidence and mortality data of malignant tumors from 2009 to 2016 in Dehui City and Yanji City in Jilin Province,were collected from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report published by the National Cancer Center.The number of cases,deaths,crude incidence rate,crude mortality rate,age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and annual percentage change(APC)of the malignant tumors were analyzed by cancer sites and genders.Results:From 2009 to 2016,the CIR of malignant tumors in Dehui City(APC=1.2%,P=0.019)and Yanji City(APC=3.6%,P=0.058)showed an increasing trend.After standard population age adjustment,the ASIR in males in Dehui City showed a significant decline(APC=-5.7%,P=0.021),while the ASIR in females exhibited an overall downward trend,but the difference was not significant(APC=-2.2%,P=0.111).In Yanji City,the ASIR in males(APC=-1.4%,P=0.535)and females(APC=0.0%,P=0.988)showed no significant changes.The CMR of malignant tumors in Dehui City(APC=1.9%,P=0.001)and Yanji City(APC=5.9%,P=0.001)showed a continuous upward trend.After age-standardization,the ASMR in males(APC=-3.1%,P=0.100)and females(APC=-4.2%,P=0.053)in Dehui City,as well as in males(APC=-1.3%,P=0.438)in Yanji City,showed a slight downward trend.Although the ASMR in females in Yanji City showed a slight increase,the difference was not statistically significant(APC=0.5%,P=0.838).In 2016,the most common malignant tumor in terms of both incidence and mortality in Dehui City was lung cancer,with a CIR of 60.76/100 000 and a CMR of 46.96/100 000.In Yanji City,the most common malignant tumor was liver cancer,with a CIR of 49.04/100 000 and a CMR of 51.09/100 000.Conclusion:Lung cancer,liver cancer,and gastric cancer are the major malignant tumors threatening residents in Dehui City,Yanji City,and even the entire Jilin Province,and should be prioritized in cancer prevention and control efforts.Early diagnosis and treatment should be strengthened.

Objective: This study aimed to construct an animal model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) that integrates disease and syndrome based on the "deficiency-blood stasis-toxin" pathogenesis and to evaluate it comprehensively. Methods: The HFpEF mouse model was constructed using a combination of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and a high-fat diet. According to the random number table method, SPF-grade male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the control, L-NAME, high-fat diet, and model groups, 10 in each group. Comprehensive observations and data collection on macroscopic signs (e.g., fur condition, mental state, stool and urine, oral and nasal condition, paw and body condition, etc.) and cardiac function were performed after 10 and 16 weeks of model induction. Additionally, the syndrome evolution was elucidated based on diagnostic criteria for clinical syndromes of heart failure. Furthermore, pathological and molecular biological examinations of myocardial tissue were performed to assess the stability and reliability of the model. Results: Mice in the model group showed typical characteristics of syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis, as well as syndrome of internal heat accumulation, including lethargy, slow response, dull paw color and oral/nasal color, exercise intolerance, abnormal platelet activation, dry feces, and dark yellow urine. The time window for these syndromes was between 10 and 16 weeks post-modeling. Cardiac function assessments revealed severe diastolic dysfunction, concentric myocardial hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis in the model group. Pathological examinations showed a significantly increased collagen deposition in the myocardial interstitium, enlarged cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes, and sparse coronary microvasculature in the model group. Molecular biological analyses indicated marked activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammatory pathway and significantly elevated inflammation levels in the myocardial tissue of the model group. Although mice in the L-NAME and high-fat diet groups also showed certain manifestations of qi deficiency syndrome, the substantial cardiac damage was relatively limited compared to the control group. Conclusion This study has constructed an animal model of HFpEF that integrates disease and syndrome based on the "deficiency-blood stasis-toxin" pathogenesis. The macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of this model are consistent with the manifestations of syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis, toxin syndrome, and syndrome of internal heat accumulation. Moreover, it can stably simulate the HFpEF state and reflect phenotypic changes in human disease. This model provides a suitable experimental platform to explore the pathogenesis of HFpEF, evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment regimens, and promote in-depth research on TCM syndromes of heart failure.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and prognosis associated risk factors of non-eosinophilic esophagitis eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (non-EoE EGID) in children.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data, including symptoms, laboratory test results, endoscopic findings, treatment and prognosis of 48 children diagnosed with non-EoE EGID at Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from May 2015 to March 2023 were collected. Patients were grouped according to the eosinophils (EOS) diagnostic threshold of new guideline for non-EoE EGID. Independent sample t tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, chi-squared test or Fisher exact test were used for intergroup comparisons. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curve of disease recurrence in children with non-EoE EGID. Log-Rank test and the proportional hazards model were respectively used for univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Results:Of the 48 children with non-EoE EGID, there were 38 males and 10 females. Twenty-six patients (54%) with onset age >6-10 years accounted for the highest proportion. The most common symptom was abdominal pain, occurring in 34 patients (71%). Laboratory test results showed that 32 patients (67%) had increased EOS count in peripheral blood. A total of 35 imaging examination showed thickened intestinal wall in 17 patients (49%) and bowel dilatation in 3 patients (9%). Twenty-five patients (52%) received glucocorticoid treatment. The serum albumin level in the high diagnostic threshold group was lower than that in the low diagnostic threshold group ( Z=2.17, P=0.030), no statistically significant difference was found in other clinical characteristics (all P>0.05). The 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates for non-EoE EGID children were (81±6)%, (81±6)%, and (44±13)% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that bowel dilatation ( HR=5.87, 95% CI 1.06-32.48) was an independent predictor of disease recurrence. Conclusions:A higher proportion of non-EoE EGID patients are male. The most common symptom is abdominal pain, and the peripheral blood EOS counts are often elevated. Among children with non-EoE EGID, those with higher pathological EOS counts have lower serum albumin levels. Bowel dilatation is a risk factor for disease recurrence in non-EoE EGID children.

Lymphoma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by complex molecular regulatory mechanisms that result in significant differences in aggressiveness and prognosis across its subtypes.Gene copy number alteration(CNA)analysis,an emerging technology,has become a pivotal tool in the precision re-search and management of lymphoma.By detecting DNA deletions,amplifications,and chromosomal copy number changes,CNA analysis addresses the limitations of traditional cytogenetic techniques,enhances the ac-curacy of subtype classification,and aids in evaluating tumor heterogeneity and disease progression.This re-view provides a comprehensive summary of CNA detection methods and their applications in lymphoma,with a focus on recent advancements in the field.It offers a comparative analysis of CNA detection techniques and discusses their role in precision diagnosis,subtype classification,monitoring disease progression,predicting therapeutic resistance,and assessing prognosis.Additionally,the review explores the potential applications of CNA analysis in uncovering molecular regulatory mechanisms,optimizing therapeutic strategies,and impro-ving patient survival outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of removing microglia from spinal cord on nerve repair and functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. METHODS: Thirty-nine 6-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group ( n=12), SCI group ( n=12), and PLX3397+SCI group ( n=15). The PLX3397+SCI group received continuous feeding of PLX3397, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor, while the other two groups were fed a standard diet. After 14 days, both the SCI group and the PLX3397+SCI group were tested for ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) to confirm that the PLX3397+SCI group had completely depleted the spinal cord microglia. The SCI model was then prepared by clamping the spinal cord in both the SCI group and the PLX3397+SCI group, while the control group underwent laminectomy. Preoperatively and at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days postoperatively, the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) was used to assess the hind limb function of mice in each group. At 28 days, a footprint test was conducted to observe the gait of the mice. After SCI, spinal cord tissue from the injury site was taken, and Iba1 immunofluorescence staining was performed at 7 days to observe the aggregation and proliferation of microglia in the spinal cord. HE staining was used to observe the formation of glial scars at the injury site at 28 days; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence staining was applied to astrocytes to assess the extent of the injured area; neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN) immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate neuronal survival. And 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess axonal survival at 60 days. RESULTS: All mice survived until the end of the experiment. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the microglia in the spinal cord of the PLX3397+SCI group decreased by more than 95% compared to the control group after 14 days of continuous feeding with PLX3397 ( P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the BMS scores in the PLX3397+SCI group and the SCI group significantly decreased at different time points after SCI ( P<0.05). Moreover, the PLX3397+SCI group showed a further decrease in BMS scores compared to the SCI group, and exhibited a dragging gait. The differences between the two groups were significant at 14, 21, and 28 days ( P<0.05). HE staining at 28 days revealed that the SCI group had formed a well-defined and dense gliotic scar, while the PLX3397+SCI group also developed a gliotic scar, but with a more blurred and loose boundary. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the number of microglia near the injury center at 7 days increased in the SCI group than in the control group, but the difference between groups was not significant ( P>0.05). In contrast, the PLX3397+SCI group showed a significant reduction in microglia compared to both the control and SCI groups ( P<0.05). At 28 days after SCI, the area of spinal cord injury in the PLX3397+SCI group was significantly larger than that in SCI group ( P<0.05); the surviving neurons significantly reduced compared with the control group and SCI group ( P<0.05). The axonal necrosis and retraction at 60 days after SCI were more obvious. CONCLUSION The removal of microglia in the spinal cord aggravate the tissue damage after SCI and affecte the recovery of motor function in mice, suggesting that microglia played a neuroprotective role in SCI.
Animals ; Spinal Cord Injuries/surgery* ; Microglia/pathology* ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Regeneration/drug effects* ; Spinal Cord/pathology* ; Pyrroles/administration & dosage* ; Aminopyridines/administration & dosage* ; Recovery of Function ; Disease Models, Animal ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism* ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism*

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers