Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China， and its common complications include digestive system abnormalities， cognitive impairment， depression， stroke-associated pneumonia， and hemiplegia. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has great potential in treating post-stroke complications. Xinglou Chengqitang （XLCQT） is a representative prescription of alleviating the disease in the upper part by treating the lower part. It has definite therapeutic effect and high safety. Clinically， XLCQT is often used to treat stroke and its complications. However， the quantity and quality of clinical trials of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications need to be improved. Additionally， since the basic research is weak， the material basis and multi-target mechanism for the efficacy of this prescription are unknown. This article reviews XLCQT in terms of the pharmacodynamic basis， medicinal properties， safety evaluation， and progress in clinical research and mechanisms in treating post-stroke complications. This article summarizes 22 key active ingredients of XLCQT in treating acute stroke complicated with syndrome of phlegm heat and fu-organ excess. Among these key active ingredients， resveratrol， kaempferol， luteolin， chrysoeriol， apigenin， （+）-catechin， and adenosine have good pharmacokinetic properties and high bioavailability. The mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications are complex， including inflammatory response， brain-gut axis， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， intestinal flora， neurotrophic factors， autophagy， oxidative stress， and free radical damage. This review helps to deeply understand the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanisms of XLCQT in treating post-stroke complications and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of XLCQT against post-stroke complications and the development of drugs.

Animal model research on spleen and stomach diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is of great significance for elucidating the nature of diseases and syndromes and for revealing the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicinals. At present， studies on classical TCM syndrome models of spleen and stomach diseases mainly focus on spleen deficiency syndrome， liver constraint syndrome， and damp-heat syndrome. Model construction is mostly based on the etiological and pathophysiological characteristics of syndrome， and model evaluation primarily involves macroscopic manifestations and physicochemical indicators. This paper summarizes the current research status of animal models integrating disease and syndrome for seven common spleen and stomach diseases， including chronic gastritis and gastric precancerous lesions， gastroesophageal reflux disease， functional dyspepsia， inflammatory bowel disease， irritable bowel syndrome， functional constipation， and functional diarrhea. The modeling methods and characteristics of disease-syndrome combined animal models for each disease are analyzed. It is proposed that future research on disease-syndrome integration in spleen and stomach diseases should move toward syste-matic， precise， and integrative development， and that interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research approaches should be adopted to enhance the predictive value and application efficiency of disease-syndrome combined animal models.

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, remarkable achievements have been gained in infectious disease prevention and control, and rich practical experiences have been accumulated. If these experiences are shared with developing countries, it will greatly contribute to global infectious disease control and global health security. Under the framework of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, a series of China-Africa public health capacity training programs have been recently held in China, in order to help improve the capability of infectious disease control in African countries. This article summarized and refined good design concepts and practices from these programs, so as to provide insights into sustainable optimization of China-Africa public health capacity training and improvements of the training effectiveness.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Qiangjing tablets （QJT） alleviate the spermatogenic function damage caused by varicocele （VC） based on the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） signaling pathway-mediated oxidative stress. MethodsTen Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly assigned into a control group and a model group. Pathological examination confirmed the stability of the model. Thirty-six SD rats were randomized into control， model， low-dose （0.23 g·kg^-1） QJT， medium-dose （0.46 g·kg^-1） QJT， high-dose （0.92 g·kg^-1） QJT， and mazhilin （61.7 mg·kg^-1） groups， with 6 rats in each group. A rat model of experimental left varicocele （ELV） was established by partially ligating the left renal vein to simulate the human nutcracker syndrome. The rats were administrated with corresponding agents once a day for 28 consecutive days. The in vitro testicular culture model of rats was established through the Transwell chamber method and intervened with QJT-containing sera （2.3， 4.6， and 9.2 g·kg^-1）. Microscopic observation was carried out for the morphology of the left kidney. A micrometer was used to measure the diameter of the left spermatic vein （LSV）. The body weights of rats were recorded weekly， and the epididymis and testis weights were measured. The pathological changes of the testicular tissue was observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The levels of testosterone （T） in the cell culture supernatant and reactive oxygen species （ROS） in the rat testicular tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the ROS content. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to analyze Keap1， Nrf2， 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （3β-Hsd）， GATA-binding protein-4 （Gata-4）， and proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase （C-kit）. The ultrastructure of the tissue was observed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling （TUNEL） staining. The expression of Keap1， Nrf2， glutathione S-transferase α2 （Gsta2）， glutathione S-transferase μ1 （Gstm1）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， quinone oxidoreductase 1 （Nqo1）， and thioredoxin reductase 1 （Txnrd1） was quantified by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ResultsCompared with the control group， the ROS content and the percentage of apoptotic cells in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， the T concentration was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， the mRNA and protein expressions of Keap1 were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2， Gsta2， Gstm1， HO-1， Nqo1 and Txnrd1 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the ROS content and the percentage of apoptotic cells in each dose group of the Qiangjing Tablets were significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and the mRNA and protein expressions of Keap1 were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while the mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2， Gsta2， Gstm1， HO-1， Nqo1 and Txnrd1 were significantly increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionQJT improves sperm motility in the rat model of VC by modulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and reducing oxidative stress injury.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the larvicidal effect of ultrasonic waves against Aedes albopictus larvae at various exposure parameters (distance and time), and to preliminarily investigate the effects of different containers (water volume and depth) and ultrasonic devices on the larvicidal efficacy, so as to provide experimental evidence for the application of ultrasound-based mosquito control technology. MethodsUnder controlled laboratory conditions, two commercially available ultrasonic devices [40 kHz/300 W and (50±5) kHz/70 W] were used to systematically examine the effects of exposure distance (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm), exposure duration (1, 3, 6, 15 and 60 min), larval instar(Ⅰ‒Ⅱ and Ⅲ‒Ⅳ）, and container type on the immediate mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae collected from urban areas of Shanghai. Statistical analysis of the mortality rates of larvae among different experimental groups was performed using the chi-square test. ResultsUltrasonic exposure exerted a detectable larvicidal effect against Aedes albopictus larvae of all instars. For early-instar larvae, exposure time significantly affected mortality at all tested distances (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm), with χ² values ranging from 25.57 to 32.74 ( all P<0.001). No significant distance effect was observed in the first and second instar larvae after short-term exposure (1 and 3 min; P>0.05). However, a distance-dependent effect emerged from 6 min onward (P<0.05). During short-term exposure (1 min and 3 min) at close range (20 cm and 40 cm), the immediate mortality of the third and fourth instar larvae was higher than that of the first and second instar larvae. Conversely, during prolonged exposure (15 min and 60 min), the first and second instar larvae exhibited significantly higher mortality than that of the third and fourth instar larvae. These results indicated that larval mortality was jointly influenced by exposure duration and distance. Preliminary experiments indicated that larvicidal efficacy in shallow water was lower than that in deep water. No significant difference in larvicidal effect was observed between the two ultrasonic devices with different frequencies and power outputs. ConclusionUnder laboratory conditions, ultrasound can effectively kill Aedes albopictus larvae, and the larvicidal effect is jointly influenced by larval instar, exposure distance, and aquatic environment. Compact ultrasonic devices show potential for field application in biological mosquito control.

Objective To investigate the effect of long noncoding RNAMCTP1-AS1 on the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells and its related mechanisms.Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to analyze the expression of MCTP1-AS1 in cervical cancer tissues and normal cervical tissues,and the correlation between the expression level of MCTP1-AS1 and the pathological stage of cervical cancer patients was analyzed.The expression of MCTP1-AS1 in cervical cancer cell lines HCC1106,HCC94,SiHa,Hela,C33A and normal cervical epithelial cells H8 was detected.Hela cells were transfected with pcDNA-Ctrl plasmid(Ctrl group)and pcDNA-MCTP1-AS1 plasmid(MCTP1-AS1 group),respectively.the proliferation and invasion ability of Hela cells were detected,respectively.the expression of proliferation proteins CDK2 and Cyclin A and invasion proteins N-cadherin and ZEB1 in Hela cells were detected,the targeting relationship between MCTP1-AS1 and miR-10a-5p were verified.The expression of miR-10a-5p in Hela cells was detected.Results Compared with normal cervical tissue,the expression of MCTP1-AS1 in cervical cancer tissue was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).The expression level of MCTP1-AS1 was negatively correlated with the pathological stage of cervical cancer patients(P＜0.01).Compared with H8 cells,the expression of MCTP1-AS1 in cervical cancer cell lines HCC1106,HCC94,SiHa,Hela,and C33A were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Compared to Ctrl group,overexpression of MCTP1-AS1 significantly reduced the levels of proliferative proteins CDK2 and Cyclin A,as well as invasive proteins N-cadherin and ZEB1 in Hela cells.MCTP1-AS1 directly binds to miR-10a-5p(P＜0.01).Compared to Ctrl group,MCTP1-AS1 group showed a significant decrease in miR-10a-5p expression in Hela cells(P＜0.01).Conclusion MCTP1-AS1 expression is downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cells,and MCTP1-AS1 expression is negatively correlated with the pathological stage of cervical cancer patients.MCTP1-AS1 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells by targeting miR-10a-5p.

Objective:To analyze the current status of the research in two emerging fields-digital health and digital medicine,and the distinctions and interconnections between them,and to explore critical cognitionfor benign development of this field.Methods:Based on bibliometric method,this study analyzed 1 747 papers published in two Q1 journals categorized under"medical informatics"in Chinese Academy of Sciences Journal Citation Reports between January 1st,2019,and June 30th,2024.A biclustering analysis of highly cited and source article was conducted using a"co-cited literature clustering and all articles citing this cluster"approach.Results:In 1 747 literature,a total of 28 classic high cited articles in digital medicinejournals and digital health journals were screened out afterthe literatures of irrelevant citations were deleted,and then,they were further analyzed.The clustering performancesof similar clusters for high cited articles of two kinds of journals were similar,and the difference of intra-cluster similarity(Isim)between them was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The inter-cluster similarity(Esim)of digital health journal was 0.0480,which was significantly higher than that of digital health journal,and the difference of that between them wasstatistically significant(t=-3.925,P<0.05).The clustering result of digital medicine was better,which whole research direction could be divided into deep learning-based ophthalmic medical image analysis,image recognition with artificial intelligence(AI),algorithm model of using AI,reporting standard and assessment method of digital medicine and scientific research by using AI.However,the contents of high cited literatures of digital health field had a lot of overlap with digital medicine field,and various clusters of literature have inconsistent themesafter these literatures were clustered.Conclusions:Research of digital medicine is tending towards two primary directions:specific application of AI,and theimprovement of digital medical standards and processes.Meanwhile,the articles and literatures with high quality in digital health still cannot divorce the medical field,and the discipline system still is immature.

In recent years,with the continuous advancement of deep space exploration missions,astronauts have been increasingly exposed to complex and extreme environmental factors in space,such as microgravity,space radiation,circadian rhythm disruption,and confined isolation.These conditions can easily induce brain dysfunction in astronauts,manifesting as cognitive decline,emotional disturbances,sleep disorders,and neuroinflammatory responses.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),characterized by its holistic regulation and syndrome differentiation-based treatment principles,exhibits multi-target regulation and systemic coordination,and has attracted growing attention in the field of brain function protection.This study systematically reviews the protective applications and research progress of TCM and related techniques in both actual spaceflight missions and simulated space environment models against brain functional disorders.The underlying mechanisms and future prospects are discussed,with the aim of providing insights for safeguarding astronauts'brain health and laying a theoretical foundation for the precise intervention and systematic protection strategies of TCM in future deep space missions.

Objective:To systematically integrate the best available evidence on non-pharmacological management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms (FGIDs) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), providing evidence-based support for clinical practice.Methods:Evidence related to non-pharmacological management of FGIDs in IBD patients, including guidelines, clinical decision documents, evidence summaries, expert consensus statements, and systematic reviews, was systematically retrieved from domestic and international professional websites and databases. The search period covered February 27, 2016 to February 27, 2025. Literature was screened and appraised for quality.Results:A total of 15 studies were included. A total of 32 items of evidence were summarized across 10 aspects: multidisciplinary management, screening, assessment, dietary management, exercise management, psychological management, skin care, traditional Chinese medicine interventions, physical interventions, and health education and follow-up.Conclusions:The summarized best evidence for non-pharmacological management of FGIDs in IBD patients provides scientific and systematic guidance for healthcare professionals, helping them better identify and manage FGIDs in this population.

Objective Jiangtang Tiaozhi Formula(JTTZF)is highly effective in improving glycolipid metabolism disorder.However,its exact mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aims to explore the potential targets and mechanisms of JTTZF in improving glycolipid metabolism disorder through network pharmacology,molecular docking,molecular dynamics simulations,and experimental validation.Methods Glycolipid metabolism disorder-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards database,while the relevant action targets of the main active ingredients of JTTZF were obtained from the CTD and SwissTargetPrediction databases.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)networks were constructed using STRING and Cytoscape.After selecting the potential key targets,Gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis were conducted through the Metascape database,and a network map of"herb-active ingredient-target-pathway"was constructed.Molecular docking was carried out using AutoDock vina and PyMOL software to verify the correlation between the main components of JTTZF and the core targets.Molecular dynamics simulation was conducted for optimal core protein-compound complexes obtained by molecular docking.A mouse glycolipid metabolism disorder model was established,and the results of network pharmacology were verified by in vivo experiments.Results Topological analysis of the PPI network revealed ten core targets,including TNF,CTNNB1,AKT1,NF-κB1,ESR1,FN1,TP53,IL-1β,IL-6,and EGFR.GO functional enrichment analysis showed that these targets were mainly related to signal transduction and transcriptional regulation.KEGG pathway analysis showed that these targets were related to lipid and atherosclerosis pathway.Molecular docking results reported that the core active ingredient of JTTZF has a certain binding affinity with AKT1,FN1,and IL-6.Molecular dynamics simulations revealed good binding ability between lovastatin,coptisine,salvianolic acid B,and AKT1.Animal experiments showed that JTTZF may reduce blood glucose and blood lipid levels and improve glycolipid metabolism disorder by down-regulating the expression of AKT1,TP53,and inflammatory regulators in lipid and atherosclerotic pathway,inhibiting the expression of FN1 and EGFR,and increasing the expression of CTNNB1 and ESR1.Conclusion JTTZF participates in the regulation of lipid and atherosclerotic pathway,and comprehensively regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and improves atherosclerotic lesions,thereby preventing and treating the occurrence and development of glycolipid metabolism disorder and its complications.