ObjectiveTo explore the coercive experience of involuntarily hospitalized adolescents with mental disorders during the admission process and hospitalization， providing references for formulating targeted nursing interventions. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 involuntarily hospitalized adolescents with mental disorders selected from October to December 2023， and the themes were summarized and extracted by content analysis. ResultsA total of 3 themes and 10 sub-themes were extracted， which were used to elaborate the essential contents， causes， and improvement methods of coercive experience. These encompassed the multi-dimensional content of coercive experience （complex emotional experience， different physical sensations， and contradictory cognitive evaluation）， the multi-faceted causes of coercive experience （insufficient personal preparation， inadequate parental communication， and strict medical management system）， as well as the phased improvement of coercive experience （adequate communication before hospitalization， patient notification before coercive intervention， respecting for demands during coercive intervention， and comforting explanation after coercive intervention）. ConclusionThe essential content of the coercive experience of involuntarily hospitalized adolescents with mental disorders is complex and has various causes， which require cooperation from multiple parties to improve. Therefore， parents should respect the expression of their children’s self-will， and medical staff should respect patients’ autonomy， establishing a protection-constrained doctor-patient relationship model and collaborating to reduce the use of coercive interventions， to improve the overall medical satisfaction of adolescents with mental disorders.

Abstract Modern western medicine typically focuses on treating specific symptoms or diseases, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) emphasizes the interconnections of the body’s various systems under external environment and takes a holistic approach to preventing and treating diseases. Phenomics was initially introduced to the field of TCM in 2008 as a new discipline that studies the laws of integrated and dynamic changes of human clinical phenomes under the scope of the theories and practices of TCM based on phenomics. While TCM Phenomics 1.0 has initially established a clinical phenomic system centered on Zhenghou (a TCM definition of clinical phenome), bottlenecks remain in data standardization, mechanistic interpretation, and precision intervention. Here, we systematically elaborates on the theoretical foundations, technical pathways, and future challenges of integrating digital medicine with TCM phenomics under the framework of “TCM phenomics 2.0”, which is supported by digital medicine technologies such as artificial intelligence, wearable devices, medical digital twins, and multi-omics integration. This framework aims to construct a closed-loop system of “Zhenghou–Phenome–Mechanism–Intervention” and to enable the digitization, standardization, and precision of disease diagnosis and treatment. The integration of digital medicine and TCM phenomics not only promotes the modernization and scientific transformation of TCM theory and practice but also offers new paradigms for precision medicine. In practice, digital tools facilitate multi-source clinical data acquisition and standardization, while AI and big data algorithms help reveal the correlations between clinical Zhenghou phenomes and molecular mechanisms, thereby improving scientific rigor in diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and personalized intervention. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including data quality and standardization issues, shortage of interdisciplinary talents, and insufficiency of ethical and legal regulations. Future development requires establishing national data-sharing platforms, strengthening international collaboration, fostering interdisciplinary professionals, and improving ethical and legal frameworks. Ultimately, this approach seeks to build a new disease identification and classification system centered on phenomes and to achieve the inheritance, innovation, and modernization of TCM diagnostic and therapeutic patterns.

Objective To investigate the correlation between levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), platelet surface P-selectin (CD62P), and inflammatory factors and cerebral artery stenosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods A total of 305 patients with ACI complicated with cerebral artery stenosis admitted to Zhongwu Hospital of Suqian City and Xinyi People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. According to the degree of cerebral artery stenosis, they were divided into grade I group (stenosis degree<50%, n=85), grade II group (stenosis degree of 50%-75%, n=128), and grade III group (stenosis degree>75%, n=92). Sixty-eight ACI patients without cerebral artery stenosis during the same period were included in the reference group. The levels of serum inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)], ICAM-1 and CD62P were compared among the four groups. Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between each factor and degree of cerebral artery stenosis. Results The levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1 and CD62P in the grade I, II and III groups were higher than those in the reference group. The levels of these factors were higher in the grade II and III groups than those in the grade I group, while the levels of various factors were higher in the grade III group than those in the grade II group (P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed that CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1, and CD62P were positively correlated with the degree of cerebral artery stenosis in patients with ACI complicated with cerebral artery stenosis (P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum inflammatory factors, ICAM-1 and CD62P are significantly correlated with cerebral artery stenosis degree in patients with ACI.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective In this study,Knoevenagel derivatives of curcumin were synthesized,and their oil-water partition coefficient were determined.Our aim is to provide an experimental basis for further development of curcumin derivatives.Methods Two Knoevenagel derivatives of curcumin,including 4-(thiophen-2-ylidene)curcumin(3a)and 4-(pyridine-4-ylidene)curcumin(3b),were obtained by using the methylene group of curcumin as the modification site and purified by column chromatography.The structures of these derivatives were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR),infrared(IR)and high-resolution liquid mass spectrometry(HRLC-MS).The oil-water partition coefficient of the derivatives in n-octanol aqueous solution was determined by quantitative analysis using HPLC.Results Knoevenagel derivatives of curcumin were successfully synthesis.The oil-water partition coefficients(lgPap)of curcumin derivatives 3a and 3b are 0.96 and 0.82,respectively.Compared with the oil-water partition coefficient of curcumin(lgPap=3.85),it suggested that curcumin derivatives showed better water solubility than curcumin.Conclusion Compared to the curcumin prototype,Knoevenagel derivatives of curcumin increased water solubility and improved bioavailability.Thus,it may provide experimental basis for introducing heteroarylene moiety of the methylene position of curcumin to enhance pharmacological activity.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective To observe the value of multiparametric quantitative MRI for diagnosis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)complicated with dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON).Methods Fifty-five TAO patients with 109 affected eyes were retrospectively enrolled and divided into DON group(22 cases with 44 affected eyes)and non DON group(33 cases with 65 affected eyes)based on complicated with DON or not.Clinical data and multiparametric quantitative MRI indicators were compared between groups.The influencing factors of TAO complicated with DON were screened with logistic regression to establish a model,and the diagnostic efficacy of the model was observed.Results Significant differences of the course of disease,degree of eyeball protrusion,muscle index,as well as the number,thickness,T1 value,T2 value,fat fraction and orbital fat water fraction of thickened extraocular muscle were found between groups(all P＜0.05).T1 value and orbital fat water fraction of thickened extraocular muscle were both independent influencing factors of TAO complicated with DON,with the area under the curve(AUC)for diagnosing TAO complicated with DON of 0.859 and 0.868,respectively,and AUC of the combined diagnosis of the two was 0.922,significantly higher than orbital fat water fraction alone(P=0.034)but not significantly different with that of T1 value alone(P=0.851).Conclusion T1 value and orbital fat water fraction of thickened extraocular muscle based on multiparametric quantitative MRI were helpful for diagnosing TAO complicated with DON.

BACKGROUND:The application of miniscrew in adolescents is increasing day by day,but at present,there are few studies on bone mass in the external oblique line of the mandible in adolescents at home and abroad,and there is no systematic study on bone mass in the external oblique line of the mandible in adolescents in different growth and development periods. OBJECTIVE:To measure the bone mass in the external oblique line of the mandible in adolescents with different cervical vertebral bone ages using a cone-beam CT and to investigate the difference of bone mass in the external oblique line of the mandible in adolescents with different cervical vertebral bone ages and the correlation between bone mass in this area and the cervical vertebral bone age. METHODS:The cone-beam CT data of 105 adolescent patients before orthodontic treatment were collected and divided into CS3 group(n=24),CS4 group(n=26),CS5 group(n=29)and CS6 group(n=26)using the cervical vertebral maturation method.The adolescent mandibular buccal shelf was reconstructed by Mimics Medical 21.0 software.The width of buccal bone at 6 and 11 mm under the cemento-enamel junction and the bone height at 4 and 5 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction of right mandibular first and second molars were measured.The measured data were statistically analyzed.The measurement was made on four planes:plane 1 is the plane where the proximal mesial root of the mandibular right first molar is located;plane 2 is the plane where the distal mesial root of the mandibular right first molar is located;plane 3 is the plane where the proximal mesial root of the mandibular right second molar is located;and plane 4 is the plane where the distal mesial root of the mandibular right second molar is located. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In each group,the bone width on the buccal side of the external oblique line increased gradually from the first molar proximally to the second molar distally in adolescents,and the width of buccal bone at 6 and 11 mm under the cemento-enamel junction showed significant difference among different layers(P<0.05).The bone width of buccal bone at 11 mm under the cemento-enamel junction was greater than that at 6 mm.The bone height on the buccal side of the external oblique line increased gradually from the first molar proximally to the second molar distally in all four groups,and the bone height at 4 and 5 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction showed significant differences at different layers(P<0.05).The bone height at 4 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction was greater than that at 5 mm.On the fourth plane,the bone width at 11 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction was smaller in the CS3,CS4,and CS5 groups than in the CS6 group(P<0.05).On the third plane,the bone heights at 4 mm and 5 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction were smaller in the CS3 and CS4 groups than in the CS6 group(P<0.05).On the fourth plane,the bone height at 5 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction was smaller in the CS3 and CS4 groups than in the CS6 group(P<0.05).On the fourth plane,the bone height at 4 mm buccal to the cemento-enamel junction was smaller in the CS3 group than in the CS6 group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between bone mass and the cervical vertebral bone age,except that there was a weak correlation between bone mass at some measurement sites and cervical vertebral bone age.To conclude,the bone mass in the external oblique area of the mandible in adolescents does not change significantly with the increase of cervical vertebral bone age.The buccal side of the mesial root and distal root of the mandibular second molar in the external oblique area of CS3-CS6 adolescents meets the requirement of bone mass for miniscrew implantation,which is a site available for miniscrew implantation.

BACKGROUND:Traditional lateral cephalometric radiographs always suffer from some problems,such as magnification distortion,left and right overlap inconsistency and so on,while the cone-beam CT can truly display the three-dimensional structure of the craniofacial region.Performing three-dimensional reconstruction of cone-beam CT and then transforming the cone-beam CT in the selected area into the two-dimensional image can make the overlap between the left and right sides consistent and reduce the influence of surrounding tissue structures. OBJECTIVE:To explore the consistency of quantitative analysis of cervical vertebral bone age between two kinds of cone-beam CT transformed two-dimensional images with different integrated thicknesses and traditional lateral cephalometric radiographs. METHODS:The cone-beam CT and lateral cephalometric radiograph data of 118 adolescent orthodontic patients were collected.Firstly,the cone-beam CT image was reconstructed in 3D imaging software.After reconstruction,two types of cone-beam CT images with different integrated thicknesses were selected in the sagittal interface and transformed into two-dimensional images,which were named ICB-1 and ICB-2,respectively.The Zhibeiyun system was used to measure and calculate the angle between the concave base of the second cervical vertebra and the lower edge of the vertebral body(@2),the ratio of the third cervical spine to the posterior height(AH3/PH3),the ratio of height to width of the fourth cervical spine(H4/W4)in lateral cephalometric radiograph,ICB-1,ICB-2 and the cervical vertebral bone age.After an interval of two weeks,20 adolescents were randomly selected to repeat the above measurements.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)method was used to evaluate the repeatability of the three images in measuring cervical bone age.Paired t-test was used to analyze the consistency of cervical bone age measurements between the three images.The Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of cervical vertebral bone age staging assessment between the three images. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)ICC of AH3/PH3 in the lateral cephalometric radiograph group was<0.9,and the ICC of other measurement items in each group was>0.9.(2)Paired t-test results showed that there were statistical differences in AH3/PH3 and H4/W4 between the ICB-1 group and lateral cephalometric radiograph group and between the ICB-1 group and ICB-2 group(P<0.05),and there were no statistically significant differences in the other items between the three groups(P>0.05).(3)The Kappa test results showed that the Kappa coefficients of the two groups were all more than 0.8 according to the staging of cervical vertebral bone age in three groups(P<0.001).(4)It is indicated that the repeatability of ICB-1 and ICB-2 in the measurement of cervical vertebral bone age is better than that of lateral cephalometric radiographs.Lateral cephalometric radiographs,ICB-1 and ICB-2 have good consistency in the measurement of cervical vertebral bone age,but considering the integrity of cervical vertebra structure,ICB-2 is more suitable for quantitative analysis of cervical vertebral bone age than ICB-1.