OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of needle knife release on median nerve (MN) and transverse carpal ligament (TCL) morphology and function and expression levels of inflammatory factors in rabbit models of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods Thirty adult New Zealand rabbits were randomized equally into control group, CTS model group, ultrasound-guided needle knife release group, needle knife release group without ultrasound guidance, and sham treatment groups. In all but the control group, the rabbits were subjected to CTS modeling by 10% glucose solution injection into the carpal tunnel once a week for 4 consecutive weeks, followed by interventions with a single treatment session. At 3 days and 30 days after the interventions, 3 rabbits from each group were selected for ultrasound measurement of TCL and MN thickness, electrophysiological testing, ultrasound elastography, and inflammatory cytokine level assessment. RESULTS: In the rabbit models of CTS, ultrasound-guided needle knife release significantly reduced the thickness of TCL and MN and improved sensory nerve conduction velocity at both 3 and 30 days after the intervention. Elastography of the TCL showed markedly softened intra-carpal tissues after ultrasound-guided needle knife release and achieved superior outcomes over those in the other groups. The treatment also significantly reduced IL-17 levels and lowered IL-6 and PGE2 expression at 30 days after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Needle knife release of the TCL reduces thickness of the MN and TCL, enhances median nerve function, alleviates intrascatic tissue stiffness, and downregulates inflammatory factors in the carpal tunnel in rabbit models of CTS, and ultrasound guidance further enhances its therapeutic efficacy.
Animals ; Rabbits ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome/surgery* ; Median Nerve/physiopathology* ; Disease Models, Animal

Objective:To summarize assessment tools for taste dysfunction in patients with head and neck cancer and provide a reference for clinical evaluation by healthcare professionals.Methods:A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP for literature on taste dysfunction in head and neck cancer from database inception to May 10, 2025.Results:A total of 31 articles were included: five on tool development, three on tool validation, five on cross-cultural adaptation, and 18 on tool application.A total of 16 assessment tools were identified overall: ten subjective instruments and six objective instruments. Reliability and validity were most commonly examined using internal consistency reliability and criterion-related validity.Conclusions:A wide variety of tools exist for assessing taste dysfunction in patients with head and neck cancer. Tool selection should be based on clinical context and patient characteristics. Future work should develop disease-specific, locally adapted instruments aligned with the features of head and neck cancer.

Objective:To summarize assessment tools for taste dysfunction in patients with head and neck cancer and provide a reference for clinical evaluation by healthcare professionals.Methods:A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and VIP for literature on taste dysfunction in head and neck cancer from database inception to May 10, 2025.Results:A total of 31 articles were included: five on tool development, three on tool validation, five on cross-cultural adaptation, and 18 on tool application.A total of 16 assessment tools were identified overall: ten subjective instruments and six objective instruments. Reliability and validity were most commonly examined using internal consistency reliability and criterion-related validity.Conclusions:A wide variety of tools exist for assessing taste dysfunction in patients with head and neck cancer. Tool selection should be based on clinical context and patient characteristics. Future work should develop disease-specific, locally adapted instruments aligned with the features of head and neck cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of 3D printed bolus with specific density in breast cancer radiotherapy,and to evaluate its effects on dose distribution and positioning.Methods Forty post-mastectomy patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy were randomly enrolled for 3D printed bolus(n=20)and conventional bolus(n=20),and all patients were fixed in the supine position using styrofoam.Conventional positioning was performed based on in-room lasers and body markers,with daily Catalyst HD optical surface monitoring combined with weekly CBCT verification.The absolute dose,patients'skin surface dose,surgical incision,planned field,target area doses(VCTV50Gy,VPTV50Gy)and organs-at-risk doses in patients with different boluses were recorded,and the conformity index and homogeneity index were calculated,and the setup errors using CBCT and Catalyst HD were also analyzed.Results The difference in absolute dose between different boluses was trivial,but the skin surface dose with 3D printed bolus was significantly higher than with conventional bolus[(54.83±0.44)Gyvs(54.43±0.51)Gy,P<0.05].Patients with 3D printed boluses had a higher conformity index than with conventional boluses(0.69±0.04 vs 0.65±0.02).For different boluses,there was no significant difference in VCTV50 Gy,while the VPTV50 Gy and organs-at-risk doses were lower in those with 3D printed bolus than conventional boluses(P<0.05),with heart Vmean of 9.68%±3.24%vs11.43%±3.60%.In patients with 3D printed boluses,both planned field arrangement and surgical incision affected the target doses,and the doses of the target area without an internal breast wrap was greater than those with internal breast wrap(P<0.05).When the field was not wrapped around the internal breast,the surgical incisions only affected VPTV50 Gy,and the VPTV50 Gy was greater with the transverse fusiform incision than with the oblique vertical incision(P<0.05),which were 95.58%±0.51%vs95.44%±0.71%.The optical monitoring accuracies with different boluses differed only in the left-right direction(P<0.05),with(0.08±0.57)cm and(-0.15±0.46)cm for 3D printed and conventional boluses.Conclusion Compared with conventional bolus,3D printed bolus can improve dose distribution and optical monitoring accuracy.The surgical incision and planned field arrangement under 3D-printed bolus would exert effects on target doses.

Reducing low-value care is a key measure to optimize service model for cancer patients and improve the quality of and value of care.We summarizes the conceptual connotation of low-value medical services for cancer patients,compares the relevant measurement indicators at home and abroad,explains the logic of low-value medical services use for cancer patients at the three levels of"individual-institution-system",and proposes strategies for reducing low-value medical services for cancer patients in five aspects:construction of service value framework,dissemination of evaluation results,connection of drug access mechanisms,moni-toring of cancer care services,and empowering shared decision-making.

Objective:To explore the effects of maternal exposure to Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides (MOO) during lactation on the Sprague-Dawley (SD) maternal rats and their offspring's growth and development. Methods:Seventy-two female rats with a surviving litter size of ≥ 6 were divided into the excipients control group, MOO low-dose group (50 mg/kg), MOO medium-dose group (160 mg/kg), and MOO high-dose group (500 mg/kg) using a snake-shaped grouping based on body weight, with 18 rats per group. The rats were gavage fed once daily until 20 days of delivery. The response of maternal rats after MOO exposure during lactation, as well as the appearance, response, gross anatomical abnormalities of their F1 and F2 offspring were observed. The body weight and food intake of maternal rats during lactation and those of their offspring before and after weaning were measured. The behavior (central nervous system function) of the F1 and F2 offspring was evaluated using functional observation battery (FOB). The learning and memory function of the F1 offspring was evaluated using Y-maze test. The male and female F1 offspring in the same dose group were mated when they were raised to 10-12 weeks in order to observe the reproductive function of F1 female rats.Results:Compared with the excipients control group, no abnormality was found in the clinical observation of maternal rats in the 3 MOO exposure groups during lactation, and there was no significant differences in their body weight and daily food intake during lactation (all P>0.05). No significant effects were found on the appearance, clinical symptoms, gross anatomy, body weight, and food intake of the F1 and F2 offspring after maternal rats receiving MOO exposure during lactation. In the FOB of the F1 and F2 offspring and the Y-maze test of F1 offspring, few differences in MOO exposure groups were observed and lack of significant dose-response relationship. After pregnancy, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of corpus luteum, implantation number, birth index, delivery index, survival index, and weaning index in F1 female offspring of maternal rats exposed to MOO at different doses during lactation compared with those of the excipients control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:There were no obvious toxic reactions in maternal rats after exposure to different doses of MOO during lactation, nor in the growth and development, nervous system, learning and memory, and reproductive function of their offspring.

Objective:To explore the effects of maternal exposure to Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides (MOO) during lactation on the Sprague-Dawley (SD) maternal rats and their offspring's growth and development. Methods:Seventy-two female rats with a surviving litter size of ≥ 6 were divided into the excipients control group, MOO low-dose group (50 mg/kg), MOO medium-dose group (160 mg/kg), and MOO high-dose group (500 mg/kg) using a snake-shaped grouping based on body weight, with 18 rats per group. The rats were gavage fed once daily until 20 days of delivery. The response of maternal rats after MOO exposure during lactation, as well as the appearance, response, gross anatomical abnormalities of their F1 and F2 offspring were observed. The body weight and food intake of maternal rats during lactation and those of their offspring before and after weaning were measured. The behavior (central nervous system function) of the F1 and F2 offspring was evaluated using functional observation battery (FOB). The learning and memory function of the F1 offspring was evaluated using Y-maze test. The male and female F1 offspring in the same dose group were mated when they were raised to 10-12 weeks in order to observe the reproductive function of F1 female rats.Results:Compared with the excipients control group, no abnormality was found in the clinical observation of maternal rats in the 3 MOO exposure groups during lactation, and there was no significant differences in their body weight and daily food intake during lactation (all P>0.05). No significant effects were found on the appearance, clinical symptoms, gross anatomy, body weight, and food intake of the F1 and F2 offspring after maternal rats receiving MOO exposure during lactation. In the FOB of the F1 and F2 offspring and the Y-maze test of F1 offspring, few differences in MOO exposure groups were observed and lack of significant dose-response relationship. After pregnancy, there were no statistically significant differences in the number of corpus luteum, implantation number, birth index, delivery index, survival index, and weaning index in F1 female offspring of maternal rats exposed to MOO at different doses during lactation compared with those of the excipients control group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:There were no obvious toxic reactions in maternal rats after exposure to different doses of MOO during lactation, nor in the growth and development, nervous system, learning and memory, and reproductive function of their offspring.

Glaucoma is one of the most common optic neuropathies, featuring progressive retinal ganglion cell damage and visual field loss (Tham et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2020). Currently, the only effective treatment for this condition is the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) (Palmberg, 2001; Heijl et al., 2002). Canaloplasty is a proven bleb-independent surgery with good efficacy and safety profiles in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (Gołaszewska et al., 2021). However, early transient postoperative IOP elevation has been reported in up to 30% of cases (Riva et al., 2019), similar to that commonly observed in other internal drainage glaucoma surgeries such as implantation using iStent (0%-21.0%), CyPass (10.8%), and Hydrus (4.8%-6.5%) (Lavia et al., 2017). This complication may be a predictor of poor reserve in the outflow system and is potentially associated with surgical failure. Nonetheless, the exact pathophysiology of glaucoma remains unknown, and studies clarifying the risk factors for postoperative IOP elevation have been scarce.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery* ; Incidence ; Treatment Outcome ; Risk Factors

Abstract The popularization of the use of electronic has become a global trend, and children are exposed to devices at younger ages. A large proportion of children and adolescents spend on screen time more than 2 h which is recommended in most guidelines. The paper reviews possible effects of screen time on physical and mental health, as well as mental disorders in children and adolescents. It is found that excessive screen time showed negative impacts on mental health, including depression, anxiety, mood disorder, social adaptational problems, behavioral disorders, self injurious behaviors, and health risk behaviors. Much attention has been paid on the association between excessive screen time and mental health of children and adolescents, while possible mechanisms and influencing factors are lacking. Effective intervention studies are needed to provide a basis for child and adolescent health promotion.

Objective:To explore the influence of the contours of different parts of the human body on the setup errors of Catalyst HD optical surface imaging (OSI) system-guided radiotherapy.Methods:Using the 3D printing technology, arc- and oval arc-shaped phantoms with base angles of 5°-45° (step length: 5°) were designed to simulate the contours of different body parts of patients. A Catalyst HD system was employed for monitoring, during which the gains and integration time of the system were adjusted. The treatment couches were manually moved (range: -5 mm to 5 mm, with a step length of 2 mm). The ratios of transverse to longitudinal dimensions of all phantoms were recorded. The recorded items also included couch value errors in the anterior-posterior (AP), inferior-superior (SI), and left-right (LR) directions for transversely and longitudinally placed phantoms, as well as the setup errors monitored using the Catalyst HD system. Then, this study presented an analysis of the correlation between phantoms for different body contours and the gains and integration time of the Catalyst HD system. The purpose was to compare the setup errors under the two different placement conditions of phantoms and to analyze the correlation between the monitored values of the Catalyst HD system and couch values.Results:There was a significant linear negative correlation between the gain and the logarithm of integration time required for monitoring using the Catalyst HD system, with a slope of -0.001. There was a certain functional relationship between the intercept and the ratio of the transverse to longitudinal dimensions of the phantoms. Under the same gain, the integration time decreased with an increase in the base angles of phantoms. The Catalyst HD system showed different monitoring accuracy under different placement conditions of the phantoms ( Z = -8.59 to -0.02, P < 0.05), with the monitoring accuracy in the LR and AP directions higher in the transverse position. The correlation between the monitored values of the Catalyst HD system and the actual couch values increased in the LR and SI directions with an increase in the base angle of the phantoms, showing a strong correlation in the case of base angles of ≥ 25°. Furthermore, the correlation was always significant in the AP direction ( R > 0.9). Conclusions:When the best surface images are obtained using the Catalyst HD system, the gains and integration time of the system are correlated with body surface contours. The Catalyst HD system shows high monitoring accuracy in the AP direction. This system shows high accuracy in all directions when the ratios of transverse to longitudinal dimensions are ≤ 2 or the base angles ≥ 25°.