Objective To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in passenger drivers and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 951 passenger drivers in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the judgmental sampling method. A Musculoskeletal Injury Questionnaire was employed to assess the prevalence of WMSDs in the past year. Results The prevalence of WMSDs in passenger drivers was 41.11%. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that married drivers had a higher risk of WMSDs than single drivers (P<0.05). The lower the frequency of physical exercise, the longer the driving time per week, the longer the continuous driving time, the more restricted the driving working space, the poorer the foot comfort during driving, and the more affected the normal meal, the higher the risk of WMSDs (all P<0.05). The risk of WMSDs in drivers with sleep time ≤ 8.0 h/d was higher than that in drivers with sleep time > 8.0 h/d (P<0.01), and the risk of WMSDs in drivers with the same posture for a long time on the shoulder was higher than that in drivers without this poor working posture (P<0.01). Conclusion WMSDs were prevalent among passenger drivers, which was associated with demographic and adverse ergonomic factors. Intervention on lifestyle and adverse ergonomic factors could further reduce the risk of WMSDs of passenger drivers.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the occupational health literacy (OHL) level among workers in key industries from the perspectives of both individual workers and enterprises. Methods A total of 32 336 front-line workers from 12 key industries in the secondary industry in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects by a stratified cluster random sampling method. Their OHL level was investigated using Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The OHL level of the research subjects was 48.5%. The OHL level of the research subjects in four dimensions from high to low was basic knowledge of occupational health protection, occupational health practice and behavior, legal knowledge of occupational health, and basic skills of occupational health protection (80.7%, 61.2%, 48.3% and 29.5%, respectively). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the OHL level of female workers was lower than that of males (P<0.05). Lower OHL was also associated with older age, lower education level, lower personal monthly income of workers (all P<0.01). The workers with length of service < 3 years and ≥ 20 years had lower OHL level than those with length of service 3-<10 years and 10-<20 years, respectively (all P<0.05). Workers in larger enterprises had higher OHL levels (all P<0.01). The OHL level of workers in the sixth category of industries with occupational injuries had higher occupational injury risks than those in the third and fourth categories (all P<0.05). The OHL levels of workers in state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises, and other enterprises were higher than that of workers in public institutions (all P<0.05). Conclusion The influencing factors of workers′ OHL in key industries of the secondary industry include individual factors (gender, age, education level, personal monthly income, length of service) and enterprise factors (enterprise size, enterprise nature and industry injury risk category). Female, older workers, those with lower education or income, and those with short length of service represent priority groups for OHL interventions, while small and micro enterprises are priority units for future workplace health promotion intervention.

Aromatic traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played an important role against epidemics and viruses, and volatile components are the main components that exert the pharmacological effects of aromatic TCM. By screening the related monomer components in aromatic TCM against epidemic and viruses and analyzing and endowing TCM with medicinal properties based on its clinical application and pharmacological research according to the theoretical thinking of TCM, the key technical issues of compatibility of TCM monomer components were solved from a theoretical perspective, providing new ideas and methods for screening raw materials and formulas for the development of new TCM drugs. Based on the conditions of antiviral activity, clinical application foundation, definite therapeutic effect, and high safety, a gradient screening of aromatic TCM was carried out. Firstly, 30 aromatic TCM were screened from anti-epidemic literature and clinical trial formulas, and seven volatile monomers were further screened from them. Then, four monomer components with significant effects, namely patchouli alcohol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and eucalyptol were screened. By adopting the "four-step method for a systematic study of TCM properties", the four monomer components were endowed with medicinal properties, and compatibility and combination studies were conducted to explore the theoretical basis of monomer formulas and form monomer formulas guided by TCM theory. The screening results of volatile monomers in aromatic TCM against viral pneumonia included patchouli alcohol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and eucalyptol. The medicinal properties and compatibility theory of volatile monomer components in TCM were explored. Patchouli alcohol was the main herb, with a cool and pungent nature. It entered the lung meridian to dispel evil Qi and has the effects of aromatization, detoxification, and epidemic prevention. Carvacrol was a minister drug with a cool and pungent taste. It had the effects of aromatizing, moistening, and dissolving the exterior, as well as strengthening the spleen and stomach. p-Cymene was an adjunctive medicine with a mild and pungent nature. It entered the lungs and kidneys and had the effects of aromatic purification, cough relief, and asthma relief. Eucalyptol was also an adjunctive medicine with a pungent and warm taste. It had the functions of aromatic purification, cough relief, phlegm reduction, and pain relief. The combination of the four medicines had the effects of aromatizing, moistening, detoxifying, and epidemic prevention, as well as relieving cough and asthma and strengthening the spleen and stomach. They were used to treat viral pneumonia caused by upper respiratory tract viral infections, with symptoms such as chest tightness, cough, wheezing, fatigue, nasal congestion, runny nose, nausea, and vomiting. This study has laid a literature and theoretical foundation for further drug efficacy verification experiments, compatibility efficacy experiments, and subsequent product development and clinical applications, and it serves as an innovative practice that combines literature research, theoretical research, experimental research, and clinical practice to develop new products.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Volatile Organic Compounds/pharmacology* ; Animals

Azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) are recommended for COVID-19 treatment in China, but their safety and efficacy in the elderly population are not fully known. In this multicenter, retrospective, cohort study, we identified 5131 elderly hospitalized COVID-19 patients from 32,864 COVID-19 patients admitted to nine hospitals in Henan Province, China, from December 5, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause death, and the secondary outcome was composite disease progression. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to control for confounding factors, including demographics, vaccination status, comorbidities, and laboratory tests. After 2:1 PSM, 1786 elderly patients receiving azvudine and 893 elderly patients receiving Paxlovid were included. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses revealed that compared with Paxlovid group, azvudine could significantly reduce the risk of all-cause death (log-rank P = 0.002; HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.573-0.883, P = 0.002), but there was no difference in composite disease progression (log-rank P = 0.52; HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.877-1.260, P = 0.588). Four sensitivity analyses verified the robustness of above results. Subgroup analysis suggested that a greater benefit of azvudine over Paxlovid was observed in elderly patients with primary malignant tumors (P for interaction = 0.005, HR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18-0.57) compared to patients without primary malignant tumors. Safety analysis revealed that azvudine treatment had a lower incidence of adverse events and higher lymphocyte levels than Paxlovid treatment. In conclusion, azvudine treatment is not inferior to Paxlovid treatment in terms of all-cause death, composite disease progression and adverse events in elderly hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Objective To analyze the current status and influencing factors of occupational health literacy (OHL) among noise-exposed workers in the automotive manufacturing industry. Methods A total of 1 188 front-line workers in noise-exposed positions in the automotive manufacturing industry were selected by judgment sampling method. The OHL status of the workers was investigated using the Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Population, and the influencing factors of OHL were analyzed. Results The overall OHL level was 30.13% (358/1 188). The result of binary logistic regression analysis showed that marital status, educational level, personal monthly income, household registration, enterprise scale and weekly working hours were influencing factors of OHL level (all P<0.05). Specifically, being married, having a high school education or higher, monthly personal income >5 000 yuan, being from a non-agricultural household, working in a medium-sized enterprise, and working more than >40-48 hours per week were protective factors for high OHL levels (all P<0.05). Conclusion There is considerable room for improvement in the OHL of noise-exposed workers in the automotive manufacturing industry. Focus should be placed on workers who are unmarried, widowed, or divorced, have educational levels below high school, earn less than 5 000 yuan per month, have agricultural household registrations, work in small or micro-sized enterprises, or work ≤40 hours per week, with targeted strategies to improve their overall OHL level.

Eucommia ulmoides， a plant belonging to Eucommiaceae， has a history of medical use for over two thousand years in China. The dried bark and leaves of this plant are usually used as medicinal materials. Due to the high safety in clinical application， E. ulmoides leaves were officially recognized for both medicinal and edible use by the food safety evaluation in 2019， providing a valuable resource for the development of food and health products. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory， E. ulmoides has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys， strengthening sinews and bones， and calming fetus. Modern research has shown that different parts such as the bark， leaves， flowers， and seeds of E. ulmoides contain similar chemical components， including phenylpropanoids， terpenoids， flavonoids， phenolic acids， steroids， and polysaccharides. E. ulmoides exhibits diverse pharmacological activities such as lowering blood pressure and blood lipid and glucose levels， preventing osteoporosis and possesses anti-tumor， anti-bacterial， antiviral， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore， it holds great potential for the development of products with both medicinal and edible values. This review systematically summarizes the chemical constituents， pharmacological activities， and representative medicinal and edible products of different parts of E. ulmoides. It is expected to provide theoretical references for the clinical application of E. ulmoides and its active components and the development and utilization of the products with both medicinal and edible values. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the medicinal properties of E. ulmoides and provides guidance for further exploration of its applications in the healthcare field. As a plant with both medicinal and edible values， E. ulmoides is expected to attract more attention in future research and contribute to human health.

Objective To analyze the effect of night-shift work, anxiety and their interaction on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among electronics manufacturing employees. Methods A total of 2 676 employees from 58 electronic manufacturing enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. The Basic Situation Survey Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale and Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Disorders were used to assess night-shift work, anxiety and the prevalence of WMSDs in employees. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of night-shift work, anxiety and their combined effects on the risk of WMSDs. Results The proportion of night-shift work was 30.3%, and the detection rates of anxiety and WMSDs were 26.8% and 41.3%, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that night-shift work and anxiety were independent risk factors of WMSDs in the research subjects, after excluding the influence of confounding factors such as age, marital status, enterprise size and length of service [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 1.307 (1.092-1.564) and 3.282 (2.739-3.934), respectively, both P<0.01]. Compared with those without night-shift work or anxiety, the risk of WMSDs was higher in individuals with only night-shift work, only anxiety, or both night-shift work and anxiety [OR and 95%CI were 1.347 (1.091-1.663), 3.395 (2.727-4.227) and 4.117 (3.072-5.519), respectively, all P<0.01]. Conclusion Both night-shift work and anxiety can increase the risk of WMSDs among electronic manufacturing employees, and these two factors exhibit a synergistic effect in increasing the risk of WMSDs.

Active surveillance means patients are monitored closely without active treatment immediately. Many studies have shown that active surveillance, as a relatively safe method for prostate cancer patients, can reduce overtreatment, and is one of the main methods for very low risk, low risk and a small proportion of intermediate risk men with a life expectancy more than 10 years. The follow-up process of active surveillance includes regularly repeat needle biopsy, PSA test, digital rectal examination, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), etc. However, the monitoring standard and frequency are still not unified. There is still a lack of active surveillance data in China, and further research is needed.

Placenta accreta spectrum(PAS)refers to a condition where placental villi abnormally adhere to or invade the uterine muscle layer to varying degrees.PAS can lead to severe obstetric complications,including postpartum hemorrhage,hysterectomy and even life-threatening situations.Nowadays,the diagnosis of PAS typi-cally relies on imaging examinations such as ultrasound.Despite the widespread use of ultrasound,its accuracy is a subject of controversy,leading to the emergence of new imaging prenatal diagnostic indicators.This article aims to review prenatal diagnostic indicators of PAS,including ultrasound features and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Additionally,we will discuss existing joint diagnostic methods and the latest research findings.

ObjectiveTo analyze the current occupational health literacy (OHL) level and its influencing factors among drivers in transportation industry. Methods A total of 880 drivers of taxi companies, passenger transport companies, freight companies and online booking companies were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. The Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations was used to conduct a survey on their OHL levels via online questionnaires, and the influencing factors of OHL were analyzed. Results The OHL level of the research subjects was 54.32% (478/880). The OHL levels in the dimensions of occupational health legal knowledge, basic knowledge of occupational health protection, basic skills of occupational health protection, healthy working style and behavior were 55.34%, 79.55%, 58.30% and 46.25%, respectively. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the OHL levels of drivers in passenger transport and freight companies were higher than that in taxi companies (all P<0.01). The OHL levels of drivers in private enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises, and other enterprises were lower than those in state-owned enterprises (all P<0.05). The OHL levels of drivers in large enterprises were lower than that of drivers in micro-enterprises (P<0.05). The OHL levels of drivers worked >5-10 years and >10 years were lower than that of drivers working 1-5 years (all P<0.05). Conclusion There is a considerable room for improvement in the OHL levels of drivers in the transportation industry. The category, economic type, and scale of the employing unit and driving work year of the current position are the main influencing factors of OHL levels.