Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen,providing a theoretical basis for promoting their mental health.Methods:From Jan to Feb 2022,an online questionnaire survey was conducted,involving 483 online questionnaires from college freshmen(184 males,299 females).The depression-anxiety-stress self-rating scale,smartphone dependence self-rating scale for adolescents,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)were used for online surveys.The influencing factors of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity among college freshmen were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results:The detection rates of smartphone dependence,sleep disorders,depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen were 26.1%,12.8%,26.3%,32.1%,and 23.6%,respectively.The detection rates of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms in male students were significantly higher than those in female students(P＜0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that self-perceived poor mental health,smartphone dependence and sleep disorders were risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms.Low satisfaction with college life was a risk factor for depression.Medical specialty was a risk factor for anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Male college freshmen show higher rates of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity.Low satisfaction with college life,self-perceived poor mental health,high academic pressure,smartphone dependence,medical specialty,and sleep disorders may be risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen.

Objective:To investigate the establishment, structural, and bonding interface characteristics of an artificial caries-affected dentin model with demineralization and discoloration as a basis of research on caries-affected dentin bonding repair.Methods:One hundred intact molars without caries were collected (acquired from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University from March to May 2023) and prepared as 5 mm thick dentin specimens. Then, they were screened and divided into 3 parts. One part of dentin specimens was subjected to bacterial biofilms to prepare artificial carious dentin (ACD). They were further ground by 600-grit SiC paper for 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 s, respectively to obtain 5 groups with different layers of ACD: ACD-0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 s. Sound dentin was used as the control group. To determine the preparation parameter for artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD), the first part of specimens was used for bacterial visualization observation ( n=3) and demineralization analysis experiments (micro-CT, Raman spectroscopy, and surface micro-hardness analyses, n=3). Another part of dentin specimens was allocated to 3 groups: control group (sound dentin), artificial caries-infected dentin group (ACD-0 s) and ACAD group (prepared according to the parameter determined by the experiments above). They were used for color tests ( n=10), Raman spectroscopy analysis ( n=6) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation ( n=1), thus comparing color, chemical composition and structure, and micro-morphology of 3 groups. The rest of dentin specimens were divided into 2 groups: sound dentin and ACAD ( n=6), which were bonded to composite resin with Single Bond Universal in a self-etch mode. Then, the bonding interface was measured using an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). Results:The depth of bacterial invasion for ACD-0 s was (142.4±25.8) μm. And obvious bacteria were observed in the dentin tubules for the ACD-12 s group. For micro-CT, the demineralization depth was (283.9±25.6) μm for ACD-0 s and (139.2±27.9) μm for ACD-36 s. The grey values in some regions of the dentin surface for ACD-48 s resembled those of sound dentin. For Raman spectroscopy, the peak ratio of phosphate to amide Ⅰ was significantly lower for ACD-24 s [4.2 (3.2,6.7)] than ACD-36 s [6.7 (6.0,7.7)] ( P<0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in surface micro-hardness between ACD-24 s [8.3 (7.0,10.2) HV] and ACD-36 s [10.2 (9.1,11.4) HV] ( P>0.05). The preparation parameter of ACAD was determined to be grinding for 36 s based on the experimental results above. The brightness (L * value) and the yellow-blue chromaticity (b * value) of ACAD (76.69±2.54, 33.15±1.89) were significantly lower than those of the control group (85.23±1.68, 35.87±1.55) ( P<0.05). The red-green chromaticity (a * value) of ACAD (5.38±1.20) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.71±0.86) ( P<0.05). Moreover, the collagen structure parameter in Raman spectroscopy (the peak ratio of amide Ⅲ to CH 2) of ACAD (1.089 7±0.038 5) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.985 2±0.020 1) ( P<0.05). As shown in EPMA, the hybrid layer of ACAD [(4.72±1.03) μm] was significantly thicker than that of sound dentin [(3.02±0.66) μm] ( F=21.09, P<0.001) in a self-etch mode. Conclusions:ACAD is established through bacterial biofilm challenges followed by grinding for 36 s. It is partly demineralized and discolored with collagen structure changes, making it suitable for research on caries-affected dentin bonding.

Objective: To investigate the association between screen time (ST) during leisure time and anxiety-depression symptoms among middle school students, so as to provide a basis for formulating relevant intervention measures. Methods: From November to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 542 students from junior and senior high school in Taiyuan City. A self designed questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to investigate ST and anxiety/depression symptoms among middle school students. The Logistic regression model was used to explore the association of ST with symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as with anxiety and depression comorbiditles (CAD). Results: The detection rates of anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and CAD were 13.69%, 15.77%, and 10.11%, respectively. The median ST was 2.00 h/d [interquartile range ( IQR =2.38) for weekly averages], with 0.33 h/d ( IQR =1.67) on work days and 5.00 h/d ( IQR=5.50) on rest days. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the total ST of mobile phones during rest days ( OR =1.07, 1.10, 1.11) and the averages ST of mobile phones over a week ( OR = 1.20 , 1.22, 1.29), as well as the total ST of all screen types during rest days ( OR =1.04, 1.04, 1.05) and the averages ST of all screen types over a week ( OR =1.08, 1.09, 1.21) were positively correlated with anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and CAD (all P <0.01). Conclusions Among middle school students in Taiyuan City, screen time is positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety or depression and the comorbidity of anxiety and depression, especially smartphone screen time and weekend screen use. Therefore, measures should be implemented to reduce unnecessary screen time among middle school students, especially the use of mobile phones, in order to mitigate the occurrence of anxiety and depression.

Objective:To investigate the establishment, structural, and bonding interface characteristics of an artificial caries-affected dentin model with demineralization and discoloration as a basis of research on caries-affected dentin bonding repair.Methods:One hundred intact molars without caries were collected (acquired from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University from March to May 2023) and prepared as 5 mm thick dentin specimens. Then, they were screened and divided into 3 parts. One part of dentin specimens was subjected to bacterial biofilms to prepare artificial carious dentin (ACD). They were further ground by 600-grit SiC paper for 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 s, respectively to obtain 5 groups with different layers of ACD: ACD-0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 s. Sound dentin was used as the control group. To determine the preparation parameter for artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD), the first part of specimens was used for bacterial visualization observation ( n=3) and demineralization analysis experiments (micro-CT, Raman spectroscopy, and surface micro-hardness analyses, n=3). Another part of dentin specimens was allocated to 3 groups: control group (sound dentin), artificial caries-infected dentin group (ACD-0 s) and ACAD group (prepared according to the parameter determined by the experiments above). They were used for color tests ( n=10), Raman spectroscopy analysis ( n=6) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation ( n=1), thus comparing color, chemical composition and structure, and micro-morphology of 3 groups. The rest of dentin specimens were divided into 2 groups: sound dentin and ACAD ( n=6), which were bonded to composite resin with Single Bond Universal in a self-etch mode. Then, the bonding interface was measured using an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). Results:The depth of bacterial invasion for ACD-0 s was (142.4±25.8) μm. And obvious bacteria were observed in the dentin tubules for the ACD-12 s group. For micro-CT, the demineralization depth was (283.9±25.6) μm for ACD-0 s and (139.2±27.9) μm for ACD-36 s. The grey values in some regions of the dentin surface for ACD-48 s resembled those of sound dentin. For Raman spectroscopy, the peak ratio of phosphate to amide Ⅰ was significantly lower for ACD-24 s [4.2 (3.2,6.7)] than ACD-36 s [6.7 (6.0,7.7)] ( P<0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference in surface micro-hardness between ACD-24 s [8.3 (7.0,10.2) HV] and ACD-36 s [10.2 (9.1,11.4) HV] ( P>0.05). The preparation parameter of ACAD was determined to be grinding for 36 s based on the experimental results above. The brightness (L * value) and the yellow-blue chromaticity (b * value) of ACAD (76.69±2.54, 33.15±1.89) were significantly lower than those of the control group (85.23±1.68, 35.87±1.55) ( P<0.05). The red-green chromaticity (a * value) of ACAD (5.38±1.20) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.71±0.86) ( P<0.05). Moreover, the collagen structure parameter in Raman spectroscopy (the peak ratio of amide Ⅲ to CH 2) of ACAD (1.089 7±0.038 5) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.985 2±0.020 1) ( P<0.05). As shown in EPMA, the hybrid layer of ACAD [(4.72±1.03) μm] was significantly thicker than that of sound dentin [(3.02±0.66) μm] ( F=21.09, P<0.001) in a self-etch mode. Conclusions:ACAD is established through bacterial biofilm challenges followed by grinding for 36 s. It is partly demineralized and discolored with collagen structure changes, making it suitable for research on caries-affected dentin bonding.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen,providing a theoretical basis for promoting their mental health.Methods:From Jan to Feb 2022,an online questionnaire survey was conducted,involving 483 online questionnaires from college freshmen(184 males,299 females).The depression-anxiety-stress self-rating scale,smartphone dependence self-rating scale for adolescents,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)were used for online surveys.The influencing factors of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity among college freshmen were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results:The detection rates of smartphone dependence,sleep disorders,depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen were 26.1%,12.8%,26.3%,32.1%,and 23.6%,respectively.The detection rates of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms in male students were significantly higher than those in female students(P＜0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that self-perceived poor mental health,smartphone dependence and sleep disorders were risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms.Low satisfaction with college life was a risk factor for depression.Medical specialty was a risk factor for anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Male college freshmen show higher rates of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity.Low satisfaction with college life,self-perceived poor mental health,high academic pressure,smartphone dependence,medical specialty,and sleep disorders may be risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of different fixation methods on the chemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Rehmannia glutinosa leaves， so as to lay a foundation for the selection of processing technology and quality evaluation of this medicinal materials. MethodR. glutinosa leaves was dried at 55 ℃ after treating by three fixation methods （55 ℃， boiling water， 105 ℃）， and then the fingerprints of R. glutinosa leaves were collected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and near infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）， and their antioxidant activities were analyzed by the 2，2-biphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method. Finally， similarity analysis， principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） and Pearson correlation analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the quality of R. glutinosa leaves with different fixation methods. ResultThe results of HPLC and NIRS fingerprint analysis indicated that there were differences in the quality characteristics of R. glutinosa leaves by different fixation treatments. The comprehensive score of chemical quality of R. glutinosa leaves by fixation at 55 ℃ was the highest， its average comprehensive score was 2.096， followed by fixation at 105 ℃， and the lowest was fixation with boiling water. The antioxidant activity of sample with fixation at 55 ℃ was the highest， followed by fixation with boiling water. The results of OPLS-DA showed that verbascoside， isoacteoside and catalpol were the main components causing the difference in chemical quality of the leaves from the three treatments， and the three components were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity of R. glutinosa leaves. Among them， the correlation between verbascoside and antioxidant activity was extremely significant， and the isoacteoside was significant. ConclusionThe chemical quality and antioxidant activity of R. glutinosa leaves are affected by the method of fixation， and the fixation at low temperature is the best primary processing method of R. glutinosa leaves.

Prosthodontics is an important undergraduate course in stomatology. It's an unprecedented challenge for teachers to give theoretical lectures completely by online teaching methods. After several months of online teaching practice, a complete closed-loop online teaching mode of "pre-class, in-class and after-class" has been formed by using online teaching tools such as Tencent meeting, Superstar learning platform and WeChat. A comprehensive feedback and assessment mechanism has also been established. On the premise of the teaching quality, online teaching has also promoted the exploration and reform of the information-based teaching of prosthodontics course.

Objective:To investigate the incidence, drug sensitivity and drug resistance characteristies, and theraputic effect of staphylococcal peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP), aim to provide clinical evidences for standardizing treatment therapy of staphylococcal PDAP. Methods:Clinical data of PDAP patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Jilin University, the First Hospital of Jilin University-the Eastern Division, Jilin Central Hospital and Jilin First Automobile Work General Hospital during January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2019 were retrospectively collected. The results of etiology, drug sensitivity and drug resistance of staphylococcal PDAP patients were collected. According to the pathogenic bacteria, patients were divided into staphylococcus aureus group ( n=48) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus group ( n=232). According to the results of methicillin resistance, patients were divided into drug-resistant group ( n=71) and drug-sensitive group ( n=30). The prognosis of antibiotic therapy in each group were compared. Poisson regression was used to test the changing trend of the incidence of staphylococcal PDAP. The changes of drug sensitivity and drug resistance of staphylococcus were compared between 2013 and 2019 by linear trend χ2 test. Results:A total of 1 085 cases of PDAP occurred in 625 patients were screened, and 280 cases of staphylococcal PDAP were finally included. The incidences of staphylococcal PDAP, staphylococcus aureus PDAP and coagulase-negative staphylococcal PDAP were 0.063 times per patient year, 0.010 times per patient year and 0.053 times per patient year respectively. In addition, the incidence of PDAP caused by staphylococcus, staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus decreased year by year (all P<0.05). With the change of years, the sensitivity rate of staphylococcus to rifampicin increased, while the sensitivity rate of staphylococcus to moxifloxacin decreased (both P<0.05). The drug resistance rate of staphylococcus to levofloxacin increased ( P<0.05). The staphylococcus aureus group was more prone to refractory PDAP and catheter removal than that in coagulase-negative staphylococcus group, and the recurrence rate was higher than that in coagulase-negative staphylococcus group (all P<0.05). The proportion of vancomycin used during the whole course of antibiotic therapy in drug-resistant group was higher than that in drug-sensitive group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of staphylococcal PDAP decreases year by year, and the drug sensitivity characteristics of staphylococcus also change. The therapeutic outcomes of staphylococcus aureus PDAP are worse than that of coagulase-negative staphylococcus.

Objective:To improve recognition of the clinical phenotype and genotype of achondroplasia(ACH).Methods:The clinical data and genetic test results of 2 children with ACH were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literature was reviewed.Results:Case 1 was a 1-year-old girl whose mother was short in stature.She was admitted to the hospital due to knee reflexes of both lower limbs for more than 9 months.Physical examination showed that her head circumference was 45 cm and she had short stature, short limbs, low muscle tension of both lower limbs, the developmental quotient was 65 scores.Bilateral ilium and hip joint lesions by X-ray were considered as ACH.According to the submitted gene results, FGFR3 gene c. 1138G >A (p.Gly380Arg) of the girl showed the heterozygous variation, and that gene of her mother showed the heterozygous variation.Case 2 was a 10-month-old girl, who was admitted to the hospital due to limb weakness for over 5 months.Physical examination showed head circumference of 46 cm, short stature, short limbs, reduced muscle tension of limbs, grade 4 muscle strength of limbs, and the developmental quotient was 41 scores.X-ray showed that both lower limbs were in accordance with ACH.The gene results suggested the heterozygous variation of FGFR3 gene c. 1138G >A (p.Gly380Arg) in the girl(a novel mutation), and a wild-type gene in her parents. Conclusions:The clinical features of achondroplasia are diverse.The bone changes and nerve development also need to be recognized and discriminated.

The dynamic coupling of stent degradation and vessel remodeling can influence not only the structural morphology and material property of stent and vessel, but also the development of in-stent restenosis. The research achievements of biomechanical modelling and analysis of stent degradation and vessel remodeling were reviewed; several noteworthy research perspectives were addressed, a stent-vessel coupling model was developed based on stent damage function and vessel growth function, and then concepts of matching ratio and risk factor were established so as to evaluate the treatment effect of stent intervention, which may lay the scientific foundation for the structure design, mechanical analysis and clinical application of biodegradable stent.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Stents