Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of malignant tumors in Shijiazhuang in 2021. Methods Based on data from the Shijiazhuang City Cancer Registry, incidence and mortality indicators for malignant tumors were calculated, including crude rates, age-standardized rates (using Chinese and world standard populations), and the cumulative rate (0−74 years old), to describe the epidemiological profile. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated to estimate the disease burden of malignant tumors. Results In 2021, a total of 13250 new cancer cases were recorded. The crude incidence rate was 275.50/10⁵, the ASR China was 177.17/10⁵, the ASR world was 172.11/10⁵, and the cumulative rate (0–74 years old) was17.77%. The age-specific incidence of malignant tumors reached its peak in the age group of 80–84 years old. A total of 7165 deaths were noted, and the crude mortality rate was 148.98/10⁵. The ASR China was 85.13/10⁵, the ASR world was 84.52/10⁵, and the cumulative rate (0–74 years old) was 9.49%. The age-specific mortality of malignant tumors reached its peak in the age group of above 85 years old. Lung cancer and breast cancer were the most common malignant tumors in males and females. The DALYs of malignant tumors were 87725.29 person-years, and the DALY rate was 18.24‰. YLL was 85392.09 person-years (97.34%), and YLD was 2333.19 person-years (2.66%). Lung cancer had the heaviest disease burden with DALY of 22687.12 person-years, accounting for 25.86% of all malignant tumors, followed by gastric, liver, colorectal and esophageal cancers. Conclusion Cancers of the lung, liver, female breast, stomach, and colorectum are the major health threats in Shijiazhuang. Malignant tumor brings heavy burden to residents of Shijiazhuang city. To decrease the disease burden of cancer, scholars should pay more attention, and implement preventive measures early.

Objective By organizing and implementing a laboratory proficiency validation plan for air change rate testing, this study aims to explore proficiency testing approaches in laboratory animal facilities, assess the current status of relevant laboratories regarding standard application and test capabilities, standardize air change rate testing methods, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of test results. Methods From September to November 2023, the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) organized a laboratory proficiency validation plan for air change rate testing in laboratory animal facilities (Plan Number: NIFDC-PT-417). The proficiency testing was conducted on-site and consisted of two parts: a written test and practical operation. The written test was open-book. True/false questions focused on participants' understanding of specific clauses in relevant standards, while application-based questions assessed their ability to handle data processing in simulated testing scenarios. The practical operation was conducted according to the relevant criteria of the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS). Two laboratory animal rooms were prepared as proficiency testing samples using a sample splitting approach. These rooms underwent uniformity and stability testing according to CNAS requirements and were approved. Participating laboratories were required to conduct three tests on each of the two laboratory animal rooms, complete the testing and calculation of air change rate within the specified timeframe, and submit their test result reports and original records. Results A total of 27 laboratories registered and participated in the proficiency testing. All participating laboratories submitted their results within the designated timeframe, and the outcomes of all tested laboratories were rated as satisfactory. Conclusion This proficiency validation program objectively and scientifically evaluates the air change rate testing capabilities of selected domestic laboratories, effectively promoting the overall improvement of testing capabilities in the industry. It provides technical support for regulatory authorities to standardize testing institutions and offers reliable references for the purchase of testing services. Through this activity, it was identified that some laboratories need to further enhance their calibration of instruments and the utilization of calibration results. Future efforts should focus on refining related standards to improve the accuracy and reliability of testing.

Objective Through organizing a proficiency evaluation activity for animal illuminance testing laboratories,to assess the accuracy of testing data from participating laboratories,and to propose suggestions for testing methods.Methods In September 2024,China National Institute for Food and Drug Control(NIFDC)organised reference laboratories to conduct on-site testing through open registration.A total of 35 laboratories participated,completed on-site testing,and submitted their reports.The samples to be tested were two adjacent guinea pig breeding rooms in the NIFDC laboratory animal facility.In order to reduce the impact of room voltage fluctuations on animal illumination,chip on board(COB)light sources powered by regulated power supply were used,and brightness was adjusted by regulating voltage output.Split-level test sample pairs were used to set animal illuminance in both rooms,and the reference laboratories conducted testing according to Laboratory animals——Environment and housing facilities(GB 14925-2023).Each reference laboratory was assigned a 3-digit random code,conducted 2 tests for each breeding room,and submitted an on-site test report,original records,and illuminance meter verification or calibration certificate.WPS Spreadsheet 12.1 was used to summarize data,Grubbs' test(α=0.01)was used to check the data and remove outliers,and SPSS 26.0 software was used for data processing and graph drawing.The median value from each reference laboratory was used as the specified value,the robust standard deviation was used as the uncertainty,the robust z-score method(both intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory z-scores)was used to evaluate the test results from each laboratory,and the factors affecting results were analyzed from aspects of personnel,equipment,and operational environment.Results Under the detection level of α=0.01,no outliers were identified.The specified values for Room 1 and Room 2 were 17.80 lx and 19.00 Ix,respectively.The results obtained from 34 laboratories were evaluated as"satisfactory",while the results from one laboratory were"unsatisfactory".Through analysis of illuminance meter calibration certificates from various laboratories,it was found that some reference laboratories had insufficient calibration points and coverage,which caused test results to fail to accurately reflect the actual illuminance of the facility.Conclusion The present study reveals that factors such as personnel,equipment,and operation environment have different impacts on animal illuminance measurements.The present study concentrates exclusively on animal illuminance in guinea pig breeding rooms,where the testing environment is relatively dim.Future research should focus on the development of more efficient methods for selecting measurement sites,with the combination of illuminance meters equipped with wireless probes and storage functions to enhance testing efficiency.

Objective To analyze the antiviral effect of molnupiravir against influenza virus in vitro and in vivo.Methods The antiviral ability of molnupiravir against influenza virus strain H1N1 PR8 was detected in vitro and in vivo.H uman non-small cell lung cancer cell line(A549 cells)was used as an in vitro model of PR8 infection.The antiviral effects of molnupiravir on virus replication,protein synthesis,and viral particle formation were analyzed using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blot(WB)assay,and plaque assay.PR8 nose-dripping infected C57BL/6 female mice were used as an in vivo infection model.The antivi-ral ability of molnupiravir was evaluated by detecting viral load,pathological changes,and immunohistochemistry in the control group,administration group,inoculation group,and inoculation-administration group.Results In vitro test results showed that molnupiravir had no significant inhibitory effect on influenza virus replication,protein syn-thesis,and virus particle formation(all P＞0.05).In vivo test results showed that compared with mice infected with H1N1 alone,the viral load in the lung tissue of mice treated with molnupiravir declined significantly,and the extent of pathological changes was milder.Immunohistochemical detection showed a significant weakening in nuclear protein(NP)antigen signal,and the expression levels of interferon(IFN)-α,interleukin(IL)-4,and IL-6 in the lungs were lower(all P＜0.01).Conclusion As a precursor with antiviral activity,molnupiravir can not exert anti-viral activity in lung-derived cells cultured in vitro,but can be transformed into an active form in the host,which significantly decreases the ability of H1N1 influenza virus to proliferate in the lungs and thereby alleviates the da-mage of virus to lung tissue.

Objective To analyze the antiviral effect of molnupiravir against influenza virus in vitro and in vivo.Methods The antiviral ability of molnupiravir against influenza virus strain H1N1 PR8 was detected in vitro and in vivo.H uman non-small cell lung cancer cell line(A549 cells)was used as an in vitro model of PR8 infection.The antiviral effects of molnupiravir on virus replication,protein synthesis,and viral particle formation were analyzed using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),Western blot(WB)assay,and plaque assay.PR8 nose-dripping infected C57BL/6 female mice were used as an in vivo infection model.The antivi-ral ability of molnupiravir was evaluated by detecting viral load,pathological changes,and immunohistochemistry in the control group,administration group,inoculation group,and inoculation-administration group.Results In vitro test results showed that molnupiravir had no significant inhibitory effect on influenza virus replication,protein syn-thesis,and virus particle formation(all P＞0.05).In vivo test results showed that compared with mice infected with H1N1 alone,the viral load in the lung tissue of mice treated with molnupiravir declined significantly,and the extent of pathological changes was milder.Immunohistochemical detection showed a significant weakening in nuclear protein(NP)antigen signal,and the expression levels of interferon(IFN)-α,interleukin(IL)-4,and IL-6 in the lungs were lower(all P＜0.01).Conclusion As a precursor with antiviral activity,molnupiravir can not exert anti-viral activity in lung-derived cells cultured in vitro,but can be transformed into an active form in the host,which significantly decreases the ability of H1N1 influenza virus to proliferate in the lungs and thereby alleviates the da-mage of virus to lung tissue.

Purpose Discover new prostate cancer-related single nucleotide variants.Methods Tissue wax blocks from 21 prostate cancer patients who underwent radical surgery and had relatively complete clinical data were collected for somatic mutation detection to analyze new mutated genes associated with prostate cancer.The levels of cor-responding proteins in the urine of prostate cancer patients were tested according to the results of the selected genes.Results All 21 prostate cancer patients showed obvious somatic mutations,and the mutation types were dominated by C＞T and G＞A.The number of somatic mutations was 521,of which 27 genes had high mutation proportions(≥2 ca-ses),including ZSWIM6(5/21),FOXA1(4/21),SPTA1(2/21),FAM47C(2/21),FLG2(2/21),PRSS3(2/21),TP53(2/21),FLG(2/21),UBR4(2/21),and the mutations occurring in ZSWIM6 were all deletion muta-tions,and the mutations occurring in FOXA1 were missense mutations,deletion mutations,and deletion insertion mu-tations.The urinary levels of UPF1,SPTA1,and IDH1 proteins of the 10 prostate cancer patients were significantly different than those of the healthy controls.Correlation analysis showed that FOXA1 was positively correlated with UBR4(r=0.669,P=0.001),SPTA1 was positively correlated with FLG2(r=1.000,P＜0.001),FAM47C was positively correlated with PRSS3(r=1.000,P＜0.001),and there was a significant positive correlation between TP53 and FLG(r=1.000,P＜0.001).ZSWIM6 and FOXA1 were not correlated with biochemical recurrence.SP-TA1 mutation affected progression-free survival(PFS)[(66.0±0)months vs(30.0±7.8)months,P=0.008].FAM47C was positively correlated with PFS[(66.0±0)months vs(19.0±0)months,P＜0.001].ZNF676 was correlated with PFS[(66.0±0)months vs(26.0±5.0)months,P=0.008].FLG2 was correlated with PFS[(66.0±0)months vs(30.0±7.8)months,P=0.008].PRSS3 was correlated with PFS[(66.0±0)months vs(19.0±0)months,P＜0.001].Conclusion All 21 prostate cancer patients harbored somatic mutations,including ZSWIM6(5/21)and FOXA1(4/21)mutations.SPTA1,FAM47C,ZNF676,FLG2,and PRSS3 may be associated with prognosis.

Objective Through organizing a proficiency evaluation activity for animal illuminance testing laboratories,to assess the accuracy of testing data from participating laboratories,and to propose suggestions for testing methods.Methods In September 2024,China National Institute for Food and Drug Control(NIFDC)organised reference laboratories to conduct on-site testing through open registration.A total of 35 laboratories participated,completed on-site testing,and submitted their reports.The samples to be tested were two adjacent guinea pig breeding rooms in the NIFDC laboratory animal facility.In order to reduce the impact of room voltage fluctuations on animal illumination,chip on board(COB)light sources powered by regulated power supply were used,and brightness was adjusted by regulating voltage output.Split-level test sample pairs were used to set animal illuminance in both rooms,and the reference laboratories conducted testing according to Laboratory animals——Environment and housing facilities(GB 14925-2023).Each reference laboratory was assigned a 3-digit random code,conducted 2 tests for each breeding room,and submitted an on-site test report,original records,and illuminance meter verification or calibration certificate.WPS Spreadsheet 12.1 was used to summarize data,Grubbs' test(α=0.01)was used to check the data and remove outliers,and SPSS 26.0 software was used for data processing and graph drawing.The median value from each reference laboratory was used as the specified value,the robust standard deviation was used as the uncertainty,the robust z-score method(both intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory z-scores)was used to evaluate the test results from each laboratory,and the factors affecting results were analyzed from aspects of personnel,equipment,and operational environment.Results Under the detection level of α=0.01,no outliers were identified.The specified values for Room 1 and Room 2 were 17.80 lx and 19.00 Ix,respectively.The results obtained from 34 laboratories were evaluated as"satisfactory",while the results from one laboratory were"unsatisfactory".Through analysis of illuminance meter calibration certificates from various laboratories,it was found that some reference laboratories had insufficient calibration points and coverage,which caused test results to fail to accurately reflect the actual illuminance of the facility.Conclusion The present study reveals that factors such as personnel,equipment,and operation environment have different impacts on animal illuminance measurements.The present study concentrates exclusively on animal illuminance in guinea pig breeding rooms,where the testing environment is relatively dim.Future research should focus on the development of more efficient methods for selecting measurement sites,with the combination of illuminance meters equipped with wireless probes and storage functions to enhance testing efficiency.

Objective To analyze the potential profiles of discharge readiness in patients after 125I seed implantation and the influencing factors of different profiles.Methods A total of 221 patients who underwent 125I seed implantation in the Interventional Therapy Department,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from October 2023 to October 2024 were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method.The general information questionnaire,discharge readiness scale and social support rating scale were used for investigation.Mplus8.3 software was used to conduct latent profile analysis on the discharge readiness of patients after 125I seed implantation,and multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of different discharge readiness profiles.Results The discharge readiness of patients after 125I seed implantation was divided into three potential profiles,"low discharge readiness-low self-care group"(10.41％),"medium discharge readiness-low others care group"(32.58％)and"high discharge readiness-high emotional support group"(57.01％).Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of short-term complications and the level of social support were the influencing factors of the potential profiles of discharge readiness in patients after 125I seed implantation(P＜0.05).Conclusion There is heterogeneity in the discharge readiness of patients after 125I seed implantation,and personalized intervention strategies should be formulated according to different profiles.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of repeated endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in patients with suspected neoplastic lesions.Methods:Patients with clinically suspected neoplastic lesions, who did not receive a definitive diagnosis following the initial EUS-FNA and subsequently underwent repeated EUS-FNA, were collected from the gastrointestinal endoscopy center of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2018 to October 2023. The ultrasonographic endoscopic images, pathology, and follow-up data were reviewed. Patients with confirmed diagnoses following repeated EUS-FNA were analyzed to determine the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of repeat EUS-FNA for tumor and non-neoplastic lesions.Results:A total of 36 patients with space-occupying lesions in different parts were included in the study, and the final diagnosis was 80.6% (29/36) of tumor lesions and 19.4% (7/36) of non-tumor lesions. Among these, 34 patients received definitive diagnoses. The diagnostic sensitivity of repeated EUS-FNA for tumor was 82.8% (24/29), the specificity was 100.0% (7/7), the positive predictive value was 100.0% (24/24), the negative predictive value was 58.3% (7/12), and the accuracy was 86.1% (31/36).Conclusion:Repeated EUS-FNA proves to be an effective and practical approach for cases where is suspicion of neoplastic lesions and the initial EUS-FNA pathology findings remain inconclusive.

Purpose Discover new prostate cancer-related single nucleotide variants.Methods Tissue wax blocks from 21 prostate cancer patients who underwent radical surgery and had relatively complete clinical data were collected for somatic mutation detection to analyze new mutated genes associated with prostate cancer.The levels of cor-responding proteins in the urine of prostate cancer patients were tested according to the results of the selected genes.Results All 21 prostate cancer patients showed obvious somatic mutations,and the mutation types were dominated by C＞T and G＞A.The number of somatic mutations was 521,of which 27 genes had high mutation proportions(≥2 ca-ses),including ZSWIM6(5/21),FOXA1(4/21),SPTA1(2/21),FAM47C(2/21),FLG2(2/21),PRSS3(2/21),TP53(2/21),FLG(2/21),UBR4(2/21),and the mutations occurring in ZSWIM6 were all deletion muta-tions,and the mutations occurring in FOXA1 were missense mutations,deletion mutations,and deletion insertion mu-tations.The urinary levels of UPF1,SPTA1,and IDH1 proteins of the 10 prostate cancer patients were significantly different than those of the healthy controls.Correlation analysis showed that FOXA1 was positively correlated with UBR4(r=0.669,P=0.001),SPTA1 was positively correlated with FLG2(r=1.000,P＜0.001),FAM47C was positively correlated with PRSS3(r=1.000,P＜0.001),and there was a significant positive correlation between TP53 and FLG(r=1.000,P＜0.001).ZSWIM6 and FOXA1 were not correlated with biochemical recurrence.SP-TA1 mutation affected progression-free survival(PFS)[(66.0±0)months vs(30.0±7.8)months,P=0.008].FAM47C was positively correlated with PFS[(66.0±0)months vs(19.0±0)months,P＜0.001].ZNF676 was correlated with PFS[(66.0±0)months vs(26.0±5.0)months,P=0.008].FLG2 was correlated with PFS[(66.0±0)months vs(30.0±7.8)months,P=0.008].PRSS3 was correlated with PFS[(66.0±0)months vs(19.0±0)months,P＜0.001].Conclusion All 21 prostate cancer patients harbored somatic mutations,including ZSWIM6(5/21)and FOXA1(4/21)mutations.SPTA1,FAM47C,ZNF676,FLG2,and PRSS3 may be associated with prognosis.