Objective To explore the feasibility of phase-contrast CT for three-dimensional visualization of in vitro intrahepatic vessels and necrotic foci in mouse model of acute liver injury(ALI).Methods Six clean grade male wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into model group and control group(each n=3).The mice in model group were fed with overdose of acetaminophen to induce ALI,while those in control group were fed with the same amount of distilled water.After 24 h,the mice were all sacrificed,the livers were harvested and then fixed and dehydrated.Phase-contrast CT images of in vitro liver were acquired,sectional and three-dimensional images were reconstructed.The effect of phase-contrast CT for displaying the outline of liver and internal vessels and necrotic foci were observed,the maximum diameter and volume of necrotic foci were quantitatively analyzed,and the results of phase-contrast CT were compared with pathological findings.Results The original projection and sectional images of phase-contrast CT clearly showed the outline of in vitro liver and internal vasculatures.Necrotic foci within the liver were found in model group,but not in control group.The findings of phase-contrast CT corresponded accurately to those of pathology.Three-dimensional reconstruction images of phase-contrast CT clearly displayed intrahepatic portal vein system and hepatic vein system in both groups,and discontinuous punctate necrotic foci within the liver were found in model group,mainly distributed around hepatic vein,with a median maximum diameter of 18.50 μm and a median volume of 5 870.11 μm3,but was not observed in control group.Conclusion Phase-contrast CT could be used in three-dimensional visualization of intrahepatic vessels and necrotic foci of in vitro liver in mouse model of ALI.

Cells and exosomes derived from them are extensively used as biological carrier systems. Cells demonstrate superior targeting specificity and prolonged circulation facilitated by their rich array of surface proteins, while exosomes, due to their small size, cross barriers and penetrate tumors efficiently. However, challenges remain, cells' large size restricts tissue penetration, and exosomes have limited targeting accuracy and short circulation times. To address these challenges, we developed a novel concept termed exosomal spheres. This approach involved incorporating platelet-derived exosomes shielded with phosphatidylserine (PS) and linked via pH-sensitive bonds for drug delivery applications. The study demonstrated that, compared with exosomes, the exosomal spheres improved blood circulation through the upregulation of CD47 expression and shielding of phosphatidylserine, thereby minimizing immune clearance. Moreover, the increased expression of P-selectin promoted adhesion to circulating tumor cells, thereby enhancing targeting efficiency. Upon reaching the tumor site, the hydrazone bonds of exosome spheres were protonated in the acidic tumor microenvironment, leading to disintegration into uniform-sized exosomes capable of deeper tumor penetration compared to platelets. These findings suggested that exosome spheres addressed the challenges and offered significant potential for efficient and precise drug delivery.

Objective To analyze the focus and shortcomings of provincial-level digitalization policies for Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and to provide references for improving relevant policies.Methods A three-dimensional analytical framework—comprising"digitalization policy coverage-economic level-TCM development level"was constructed to quantitatively analyze provincial TCM digitalization policy documents issued over the past five years.Results A total of 750 policy items were extracted.Among them,digital applications accounted for the largest proportion(58.13%),while digital governance(26.53%)and digital infrastructure(15.33%)were relatively less emphasized.Two-dimensional analysis revealed that 48.4%of provinces had both low economic levels and low digital policy coverage,while 45.2%had both low TCM development levels and low policy coverage.Multiple linear regression result showed a positive association between digitalization policies coverage and TCM development level,with no significant correlation to economic level.Conclusion Most provincial TCM digitalization policies prioritize application while neglecting governance and infrastructure.There is a need to strengthen talent development and standard system construction,The extent of policy coverage is closely related to the level of TCM development,indicating the need to enhance top-level policy design,Provincial policies vary in focus and can be categorized into three types:industry-driven,technology-driven,and demand-driven.

Objective To explore the feasibility of phase-contrast CT for three-dimensional visualization of in vitro intrahepatic vessels and necrotic foci in mouse model of acute liver injury(ALI).Methods Six clean grade male wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into model group and control group(each n=3).The mice in model group were fed with overdose of acetaminophen to induce ALI,while those in control group were fed with the same amount of distilled water.After 24 h,the mice were all sacrificed,the livers were harvested and then fixed and dehydrated.Phase-contrast CT images of in vitro liver were acquired,sectional and three-dimensional images were reconstructed.The effect of phase-contrast CT for displaying the outline of liver and internal vessels and necrotic foci were observed,the maximum diameter and volume of necrotic foci were quantitatively analyzed,and the results of phase-contrast CT were compared with pathological findings.Results The original projection and sectional images of phase-contrast CT clearly showed the outline of in vitro liver and internal vasculatures.Necrotic foci within the liver were found in model group,but not in control group.The findings of phase-contrast CT corresponded accurately to those of pathology.Three-dimensional reconstruction images of phase-contrast CT clearly displayed intrahepatic portal vein system and hepatic vein system in both groups,and discontinuous punctate necrotic foci within the liver were found in model group,mainly distributed around hepatic vein,with a median maximum diameter of 18.50 μm and a median volume of 5 870.11 μm3,but was not observed in control group.Conclusion Phase-contrast CT could be used in three-dimensional visualization of intrahepatic vessels and necrotic foci of in vitro liver in mouse model of ALI.

Objective To analyze the focus and shortcomings of provincial-level digitalization policies for Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and to provide references for improving relevant policies.Methods A three-dimensional analytical framework—comprising"digitalization policy coverage-economic level-TCM development level"was constructed to quantitatively analyze provincial TCM digitalization policy documents issued over the past five years.Results A total of 750 policy items were extracted.Among them,digital applications accounted for the largest proportion(58.13%),while digital governance(26.53%)and digital infrastructure(15.33%)were relatively less emphasized.Two-dimensional analysis revealed that 48.4%of provinces had both low economic levels and low digital policy coverage,while 45.2%had both low TCM development levels and low policy coverage.Multiple linear regression result showed a positive association between digitalization policies coverage and TCM development level,with no significant correlation to economic level.Conclusion Most provincial TCM digitalization policies prioritize application while neglecting governance and infrastructure.There is a need to strengthen talent development and standard system construction,The extent of policy coverage is closely related to the level of TCM development,indicating the need to enhance top-level policy design,Provincial policies vary in focus and can be categorized into three types:industry-driven,technology-driven,and demand-driven.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11) is a family member of deubiquitylases (DUBs). It mediates substrates de-ubiquitination to inhibit their ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and participates in cell cycle process, DNA damage repair, cell death, autophagy, signal transduction, immune inflammatory response, cerebral cortex development, and other physiological processes. Studies show that USP11 also plays an important role in central nervous system diseases. This article starts with the structure and functions of USP11 to systematically review the mechanism of USP11 in central nervous system diseases and provide new ideas for USP11 as a therapeutic target.

Objective:To evaluate the residual risk (RR) of transfusion transmitted HIV (TT-HIV) after the implementation of nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) in blood screening test among blood centers in China.Methods:The data of blood donors and HIV infection markers from 2017 to 2020 were collected from 28 blood centers via the Platform of Comparison of blood establishments Practice in Chinese Mainland. The new infection rate/window period mathematical model was used for two types of blood screening strategies, namely, two rounds ELISA plus individual NAT take turn with pooling NAT (2ELISA+ ID-NAT/MP-NAT) and two ELISA plus one round pooling NAT (2ELISA+ MP-NAT), and the RR of HIV infection was estimated also based on first donors (FDs) and repeated donors (RDs) in different blood donation years. T-test analyses were conducted for comparing TT HIV RR among FDs and RDs in different blood donation years with two blood screening strategies, and the variation trend of RR in HIV test was observed.Results:From 2017 to 2020, the RR of FDs in 2ELISA+ ID-NAT/MP-NAT blood screening strategy was 2.869/10 6 person-year, 3.795/10 6 persons-year, 3.879/10 6 person-year, and 2.890/10 6 person-year respectively. The RR of RDs was 1.797/10 6 person-year, 1.502/10 6 person-year, 1.857/10 6 person-year, and 1.483/10 6 person-year respectively. Significant difference exists between RR of FDs and RDs, with F=9.898 and p<0.05. In 2ELISA+ MP-NAT strategy, the RR of FDs was 3.508/10 6 person-year, 1.868/10 6 person-year, 2.204/10 6 person-year, and 1.765/10 6 person-year respectively. The RR of RDs was 0.948/10 6 person-year, 0.926/10 6 person-year, 0.748/10 6 person-year, and 0.682/10 6 person-year respectively. Statistical difference existed between RR of FDs and RDs, with F=17.126 and P<0.05. There was no significant difference between the RR of FDs in these two strategies with F=3.493 and P>0.05, while there was a difference between the RR of RDs in these two strategies with F=24.516 and P<0.05, and a difference between the RR of total donors (TDs) in these two strategies F=20.216 and P<0.05. Conclusions:The RR of TT HIV significantly decreased after the introduction of NAT into blood test among blood centers in China. There were some differences in the RR of HIV testing among different blood screening strategies. There could be significant differences in the RR of HIV testing among different groups of blood donors. Compared with FDs, RDs is the low risk group for HIV.

Liposome injection is one of the most successful special injections that use nanotechnology to enhance drug efficacy and reduce accompanied toxicity. New liposomes with special structures and functions have emerged since the first liposome injection containing doxorubicin was marketed. This review summarized the principles and research progress of Stealth liposome technology and cationic liposome technology, analyzed the structural and functional characteristics and clinical application advantages of liposome products that have been marketed from the perspective of pharmacology, introduced current research hotspots of new liposomes, and analyzed the current regulatory status of liposome injection at home and abroad, thereby providing theoretical reference for the research and development（R&D）, clinical translation and supervision of liposome injection.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of Crohn′s disease (CD)-related gastrointestinal stenosis, and to summarize and analyze the corresponding treatments.Methods:From January 2010 to December 2018, 122 patients diagnosed with CD and hospitalized in the Seventh Medical Center, PLA General Hospital were selected including 72 patients in gastrointestinal stenosis group and 50 patients in non-gastrointestinal stenosis group. The gender, age of onset, course of disease, location of lesions involved (Montreal classification), disease activity, extraintestinal manifestations, application of therapeutic drugs, and complications were compared between the two groups. The treatment of CD patients with gastrointestinal stenosis was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CD patients with gastrointestinal stenosis. The independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The age of onset of patients in gastrointestinal stenosis group was older than that in non-gastrointestinal stenosis group ((37.6±15.1) years old vs. (30.8±14.7) years old), and course of disease was longer than that of non-gastrointestinal stenosis group (72 months, 11 to 492 months vs. 45 months, 3 to 240 months); and the differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.044, Z=-2.770; P=0.018, 0.006). The proportion of patients with ileum involvement of the gastrointestinal stenosis group was lower than that of the non-gastrointestinal stenosis group (69.4%, 50/72 vs. 86.0%, 43/50), and the proportion of severe patients was higher than that of the non-gastrointestinal stenosis group (15.3%, 11/72 vs. 4.0%, 2/50); and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.463 and 3.942, P=0.035 and 0.047). There were no significant differences in gender, use of therapeutic drugs, extraintestinal manifestations, application of therapeutic drugs or the incidence of complications between the patients of two groups (all P>0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the age of onset and course of disease were risk factors of CD-related gastrointestinal stenosis ( β=0.028, odds ratio ( OR)=1.028, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.000 to 1.056, P=0.046; β=0.008, OR=1.008, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.015, P=0.013). Further stratified analysis revealed that the incidence rates of CD-related gastrointestinal stenosis in patients with age of onset over 40 years old and course of disease more than five years were higher than those of patients with age of onset less than 40 years old and course of disease less than five years (76.3%, 29/38 vs. 51.2%, 43/84; 68.4%, 39/57 vs. 50.8%, 33/65), and the differences were statistically significant ( OR=3.072, 95% CI 1.298 to 7.272, P=0.009; OR=2.101, 95% CI 1.002 to 4.406, P=0.048). Among the 72 CD patients with gastrointestinal stenosis, 15 cases (20.8%) were treated with medicine and nutrition, without endoscopic or surgical treatment. Fifty-two patients (72.2%) underwent surgical treatment, among them six patients (11.5%) received twice surgery, the interval between the two operations was 46 months (1 to 204 months), and eight patients (15.4%) had postoperative complications. Twenty-one patients (29.2%) were treated with endoscopic dilatation, and no complications occurred after surgery. Five patients (23.8%) underwent surgical treatment during the follow-up period. Conclusions:The age of onset over 40 years old and the course of disease more than five years are the risk factors of CD-related gastrointestinal stenosis. Individualized medical treatment is the basis for the treatment of CD-related gastrointestinal stenosis. Surgery is still the main treatment. The endoscopic treatment is safety and can delay or avoid surgery to a certain extent.

Objective: To investigate the effect of comprehensive feeding intervention on feeding quality and weight gain of premature infants. Methods: Eighty-one premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of our hospital from September 2016 to December 2018 were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group (n=41) and the control group (n=40). Infants in the control group received routine nursing and infants in the intervention group were given comprehensive feeding intervention on the basis of routine nursing includingimproved Y type gastric tube, gravity tube feeding in prone position, oral movement intervention, colostrum oral immunotherapy and kangaroo nursing. The changes of feeding process were compared between the two groups and the occurrence of feeding intolerance in the two groups was observed. Results: The duration of tube feeding and hospital stay were lower in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in birth weight and body weight at discharge between the two groups (P>0.05), but the average daily weight growth rate [g/(kg·d) ] after 1 week and the milk volume [ml/(kg·d)] at 1 week were higher in the intervention group than in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of gastric retention, abdominal distension and vomiting in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, but only the difference in the incidence of gastric retention (24.4% vs 47.5%) was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (24.39% vs 47.50%, P<0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention can shorten the tube feeding time of premature infants, promote the weight growth of premature infants, improve the feeding quality, reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance, and reduce the hospital stay of premature infants, so as to reduce the hospitalization cost, improve the quality of life of premature infants, and increase the satisfaction of parents.