Objective To observe the effects of Huatan Quyu Decoction on cognitive function and the expressions of GABA and VILIP-1 in brain tissue of rats with cerebral small vessel disease;To discuss its mechanism for treatment on cerebral small vessel disease.Methods Totally 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Huatan Quyu Decoction low-and high-dosage groups,with 12 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,a rat model of cerebral small vessel disease was prepared by in vitro injection of homologous microemboli.Huatan Quyu Decoction low-and high-dosage groups were given Huatan Quyu Decoction 1.25 and 2.5 g/kg by gavage,the blank group and model group were gavage with equal amounts of distilled water for 28 consecutive days.Morris water maze experiment was conducted on day 1,7,14,and 28 after administration to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of rats,HE staining was used to observe pathological changes in hippocampal tissue,and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of GABA and VILIP-1 proteins in brain tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the escape latency of Morris water maze experiment in model group significantly prolonged(P<0.05),and the number of crossing platforms was significantly reduced(P<0.05);the arrangement of hippocampal tissue cells was disordered,gaps widen,and nuclei atrophy and necrosis,the GABA expression in brain tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the VILIP-1 expression significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the escape latency of Morris water maze experiment in the Huatan Quyu Decoction low-and high-dosage groups significantly shortened(P<0.05)on day 7,14,and 28 of administration,and the number of crossing platforms significantly increased(P<0.05),GABA expression significantly increased(P<0.05),while VILIP-1 expression significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the Huatan Quyu Decoction low-dosage group,the escape latency of Morris water maze experiment in Huatan Quyu Decoction high-dosage group decreased at various time points,and the number of crossing platforms increase,the pathological damage of hippocampal tissue was reduced,the expression of GABA in brain tissue increased,and the expression of VILIP-1 decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Huatan Quyu Decoction can increase the expression of GABA in brain tissue and inhibit the expression of VILIP-1,thereby improve the cognitive function of rats with cerebrovascular disease.

Objective:To observe the effects of Huatan Quyu Decoction on the protein expressions of β-catenin and GSK-3 β and the expression of anticardiolipin antibody and β-amyloid protein related to cognitive function in rats with vascular dementia based on Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.Methods:A total of 96 male SD rats were divided into blank group, model group, Donepezil hydrochloride group and Huatan Quyu Decoction low-, midium-, high-dosage group according to random number table method, with 16 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the rat model of vascular dementia was prepared by modified 2-VO method. Huatan Quyu Decoction low-, medium- and high-dosage groups were administrated with Huatan Quyu Decoction 6.1, 12.1 and 24.2 g/kg, respectively; the Western medicine group was administrated with Donepezil hydrochloride 0.5 mg/kg; the blank group and the model group were administrated with the same amount of normal saline for 28 consecutive days. On the 1st, 7th, 14th and 28th day after administration, the learning and memory ability of rats was evaluated by Morris water maze test, the levels of ACA and Aβ in serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expressions of β-catenin and GSK-3β proteins related to Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway in hippocampus were measured by Western blot.Results:Compared with model group, the escape latency was shortened in the Huatan Quyu Decoction high-dosage group and Donepezil group on 7 and 14 days of administration ( P<0.05), and the times of crossing the platform increased in Huatan Quyu Decoction high-dosage group on 1 and 28 days of administration ( P<0.05). Compared with model group, the serum ACA level in Donepezil group, Huatan Quyu Decoction medium- and high-dosage groups decreased at day 1, 7, 14 and 28 after administration ( P<0.05). The serum Aβ level in Donepezil group, Huatan Quyu Decoction medium- and high-dosage groups decreased at 7, 14 and 28 days after administration ( P<0.05); On the 14th and 28th days after administration, the levels of ACA and Aβ in TCM low-dosage group decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with model group, the expression of β-catenin protein in hippocampus of Donepezil group and Huatan Quyu Decoction medium- and high-dosage groups increased ( P<0.05), while the expression of GSK-3β in hippocampus of Donepezil group and Huatan Quyu Decoction low-, medium- and high-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Huatan Quyu Decoction can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, up-regulate the expression of β-catenin protein in hippocampal tissue of rats, inhibit the expression of GSK-3β, reduce the levels of ACA and Aβ in serum of rats, and improve the cognitive function of rats with vascular dementia.

Objective To discuss the clinical value of tumor components of renal angiomyolipoma(AML)in predicting the efficacy of selective arterial embolization(SAE).Methods The clinical data of 20 patients with AML,who received SAE treatment at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University of China between August 2019 and April 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.The pre-SAE and post-SAE total tumor volume,fat volume(FV),non-fat volume(NFV),proportion of FV,proportion of NFV were calculated.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the initial volume of each tumor component and the tumor volume reduction rate.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting the tumor volume reduction rate.Results The postoperative tumor volume,FV,and NFV were all significantly reduced when compared with their preoperative values(all P＜0.01).The postoperative proportion of FV was increased,and the postoperative proportion of NFV was decreased(P＜0.05).The postoperative tumor volume reduction value was closely correlated with the volume of tumor components and the presence of rupture(P＜0.05).Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the proportion of NFV was the independent risk factor for reduced tumor size.Conclusion After SAE,the proportion of NFV in AML is decreased.The preoperative measurement of this index can help clinicians to predict the postoperative tumor volume reduction ratio and to evaluate the postoperative efficacy of patients.

AIM:To evaluate and analyze the post-marketing adverse drug reaction(ADR)signals of polatuzumab vedotin,so as to provide reference for clinical safety management.METHODS:Using the FDA adverse drug event reporting system(FAERS)database and OpenVigil data platform,the ADR reports of polatuzumab vedotin were collect-ed from June 10,2019(FDA approval for market-ing)to the March 31,2023.The ADR signals were detected by using the reporting odds ratio(ROR)and proportional reporting ratio(PRR)in the pro-portional imbalance method.To increase the threshold and obtain stronger and more frequently occurring ADRs,a second screening of signals was performed.RESULTS:A total of 2 408 ADR reports related to polatuzumab vedotin were collected,and 83 ADR signals were detected after secondary screening.26 ADR signals were not mentioned in the drug instructions such as abnormal spinal mag-netic resonance imaging,increased bone resorp-tion,osteolysis,decreased aspartate aminotransfer-ase,decreased alanine aminotransferase,hypofibri-nogenemia,and pulmonary embolism.The system organ classes with a high signal counts or cumula-tive number of cases included infections and inva-sive diseases(24 signals,632 cases),various exami-nations(17 signals,675 cases),blood and lymphat-ic system diseases(11 signals,734 cases),various nervous system diseases(7 signals,153 cases),im-mune system diseases(3 signals,95 cases),system-ic diseases and various reactions at the site of ad-ministration(2 signals,145 cases),and systemic dis-eases and various reactions at the site of adminis-tration(2 signals,87 cases),etc.CONCLUSION:In addition to the common ADRs suggested by the in-structions,this study identified new ADR risk sig-nals for polatuzumab vedotin.In the clinical appli-cation of polatuzumab vedotin,in addition to the ADR mentioned in the instructions such as infec-tions,myelosuppression,peripheral neuropathies,infusion-related reactions,and abnormal liver func-tion,attention should also be paid to the risk sig-nals not mentioned such as abnormal spinal mag-netic resonance imaging,and increased bone re-sorption.

OBJECTIVE To develop an individualized medication list for elderly patients by evidence-based pharmacy method， and to support clinical decisions on rational use of METHODS　Firstly， drugs with risk genetic information were screened out by systematically reviewing evidence-based pharmacy information. Secondly， researchers investigated the included drugs in lists from different data E- sources. Drugs included in three or more data sources and drugs proposed by the expert committee were then included in the medication list. Thirdly， for the drugs included in two data sources， researchers designed questionnaires to investigate the necessity of drug-related gene testing. According to the scoring results of the expert questionnaire， drugs with higher scores were included in the list. Data sources included real-world data （list of high frequency medication in hospitals， high frequency medication for elderly outpatients and inpatients in National Health Care Claims Data， drugs related to frequent medication errors and so on） and evidence-based pharmacy evidence （the websites of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Implementation Consortium， Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group， Food and Drug Administration and so on）. RESULTS　The study obtain 68 drugs with risk genetic information which were included in three data sources. Combined with 23 drugs proposed by the expert committee， a list containing 74 drugs was preliminarily formed after de-duplication. A total of 37 drugs included in two databases with risk genetic information were scored through the questionnaire survey to form a supplementary list of 26 drugs. This is the final composition of the list of 100 drugs developed in this study. Among them， there are 43 drugs for the central nervous system， 15 drugs for the cardiovascular system， 12 anti-tumor drugs and so on. Twelve drugs were included in six or more data sources， which mainly consisted of drugs for digestive system， all proton pump inhibitors. CONCLUSION　In this study， a list of 100 commonly used drugs which require individualized medication for the elderly was developed by evidence-based pharmacy method. The drug list will be updated in time as available evidence changes， and can provide guidance for rational use of medicines for elderly patients.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of a nomogram based on clinical factors and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced MRI for predicting the expression of Glypican-3 (GPC-3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 85 patients with HCC confirmed by pathology in the Provincial Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from July 2018 to June 2021 were retrospectively collected. All the patients underwent Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan before operation. According to the expression of GPC-3 by immunohistochemistry, the patients were divided into GPC-3 positive group (55 cases) and GPC-3 negative group (30 cases). The clinical data of patients were collected, including gender, age, hepatitis, cirrhosis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamine transferase levels. The MRI qualitative signs including tumor margin, ring enhancement, intratumoral hemorrhage, enhanced capsule, and satellite nodules were reviewed. MRI quantitative parameters including the largest tumor diameter, Gd-BOPTA-enhanced tumor-to-liver parenchyma signal ratio (TLR) and tumor enhancement ratio (TER) in arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) were calculated. The independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the quantitative data between the two groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare the qualitative data between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of GPC-3 expression, and a nomogram model was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance of each independent factor and nomogram, and DeLong test was used to compare differences in area under the curve (AUC). Results:There were significant differences in AFP, tumor margin, intratumoral hemorrhage, and TLR-AP, TLR-PP and TLR-HBP between GPC-3 positive and negative groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that AFP≥20 μg/L, intratumoral hemorrhage and TLR-HBP were independent predictors of GPC-3 positive expression in HCC (OR=3.816, 4.788, 0.001, all P<0.05). The preoperative clinical and Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI nomogram model for predicting GPC-3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma was established. The AUC of AFP≥20 μg/L, intratumoral hemorrhage, TLR-HBP and nomogram model in predicting GPC-3 positive expression were 0.688, 0.697, 0.808, and 0.879, respectively. The AUC of nomogram model was significantly better than those of the other three single indicator ( Z=3.82, 4.13, 2.04, P<0.001,<0.001,=0.042). Conclusion:The nomogram model based on indicators of clinical and qualitative and quantitative Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI has better performance in predicting the expression of HCC GPC-3 before surgery, which is higher than those of each single indicator.

Objective:To improve the understanding of the clinical features of toxic encephalopathy associated with diquat poisoning.Methods:This study collected and analyzed the diagnosis and treatment process of 7 patients with acute diquat poisoning combined with central nervous system complications admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2021 to April 2022. "Diquat" and "Poisoning" were used as keywords to search in CNKI, Wanfang database and PubMed database, and the literature of previous cases was reviewed for summary analysis.Results:Among the 7 patients in our hospital, there were 2 males and 5 females, with an average age of 31 years (range14-57) and an average dose of 23.14 g [(10-40)g]. During the treatment, 3 patients developed irritability and convulsions, 3 patients occurred coma, and one had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Four patients died and 3 survived, of which 2 patients returned to normal life and study, and one remained abnormal mental behavior (currently in long-term follow-up). All three survivors developed neurological symptoms later than those who died, and were awake about 30 days after taking the drug.Conclusions:Toxic encephalopathy associated with diquat poisoning has rapid progression, poor prognosis and high mortality. This study found that the survival rate of patients with > 48 h of first onset of neurological symptoms is much higher than that of patients with ≤ 48 h of first onset of neurological symptoms, while sex, age, estimated oral dose, and type of presentation of neurological symptoms for the first time have little effect on the survival rate of hospital discharge. The earlier neurological symptoms appear, the greater the likelihood of a poor prognosis.

With the rapid economic development and dramatic changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has been increasing significantly and become a serious public health threat. This article introduced the main contents of "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control", aiming to facilitate understanding and applications of the "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control" by policymakers, researchers and practitioners in related fields. Built upon these, recommendations were made for obesity screening, diagnosis, treatment and management, prevention and control policies and strategies, and future research priorities in China.

With the rapid economic development and dramatic changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has been increasing significantly and become a serious public health threat. This article introduced the main contents of "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control", aiming to facilitate understanding and applications of the "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control" by policymakers, researchers and practitioners in related fields. Built upon these, recommendations were made for obesity screening, diagnosis, treatment and management, prevention and control policies and strategies, and future research priorities in China.

With the rapid economic development and dramatic changes in lifestyle, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in China has been increasing significantly and become a serious public health threat. This article introduced the main contents of "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control", aiming to facilitate understanding and applications of the "China Blue Paper on Obesity Prevention and Control" by policymakers, researchers and practitioners in related fields. Built upon these, recommendations were made for obesity screening, diagnosis, treatment and management, prevention and control policies and strategies, and future research priorities in China.