Objective:To explore the effect of enriched environment on the A1/A2 phenotype conversion of astrocytes and cognitive function in rats after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Method:Forty two adult male SD rats (weight 220±20g) were selected for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery,followed by reperfusion 2 hours later. Three days after operation,30 rats were randomly di-vided into standard environment group (n=15) and enriched environment group (n=15),and 10 rats were se-lected as sham operation group. The enriched environment group was raised in the enriched environment cag-es,and the other two groups were raised in the standard environment. After 21 days,the Bederson score and mNss score were used to detect the behavioral changes of rats in each group,and the Morris water maze was used to detect the cognitive function of rats. Subsequently,western blot analysis was used to analyze the acti-vation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),a marker of astrocytes. Real-time PCR and ELISA detect the expression of A1 type astrocyte marker (C3) and A2 type astrocyte marker (S100A10). Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of cortex around the infarction. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis.Result:Compared with SE group,the expression of GFAP protein in EE group decreased significantly(P<0.05). The expression level of the A1 type astrocyte marker C3 in EE group was significantly lower than that in SE group (P<0.05),while the expression of A2 type astrocyte marker S100A10 was significantly higher than that in SE group (P<0.05). Correspondingly to this result,in the EE group,the secretion of the cyto-kine TNF-α by A1 astrocytes was significantly lower than in the SE group(P<0.05),and the secretion of the cytokine BDNF by A2 astrocytes was significantly higher than in the SE group (P<0.05). TUNEL and HE staining showed that the apoptosis and damage of cells in EE group were less (P<0.05). In addition,the neu-rological ischemia in the EE group was less severe,including significant differences in the Bederson score and mNss score (P<0.01). Compared with the SE group,the rats in the EE group had better cognitive func-tion,characterized by shorter latency (P<0.05),longer residence time in the target quadrant (P<0.01),and more times of crossing the platform (P<0.05) in the water maze experiment.Conclusion:The enriched environment can inhibit the activation of astrocytes,promote the conversion of acti-vated astrocytes to neuroprotective type A2 and inhibit their conversion into neurotoxic type A1,resulting in improving cognitive function after ischemic stroke in rats.

Objective:To explore the effect of enriched environment on the A1/A2 phenotype conversion of astrocytes and cognitive function in rats after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Method:Forty two adult male SD rats (weight 220±20g) were selected for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery,followed by reperfusion 2 hours later. Three days after operation,30 rats were randomly di-vided into standard environment group (n=15) and enriched environment group (n=15),and 10 rats were se-lected as sham operation group. The enriched environment group was raised in the enriched environment cag-es,and the other two groups were raised in the standard environment. After 21 days,the Bederson score and mNss score were used to detect the behavioral changes of rats in each group,and the Morris water maze was used to detect the cognitive function of rats. Subsequently,western blot analysis was used to analyze the acti-vation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),a marker of astrocytes. Real-time PCR and ELISA detect the expression of A1 type astrocyte marker (C3) and A2 type astrocyte marker (S100A10). Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of cortex around the infarction. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis.Result:Compared with SE group,the expression of GFAP protein in EE group decreased significantly(P<0.05). The expression level of the A1 type astrocyte marker C3 in EE group was significantly lower than that in SE group (P<0.05),while the expression of A2 type astrocyte marker S100A10 was significantly higher than that in SE group (P<0.05). Correspondingly to this result,in the EE group,the secretion of the cyto-kine TNF-α by A1 astrocytes was significantly lower than in the SE group(P<0.05),and the secretion of the cytokine BDNF by A2 astrocytes was significantly higher than in the SE group (P<0.05). TUNEL and HE staining showed that the apoptosis and damage of cells in EE group were less (P<0.05). In addition,the neu-rological ischemia in the EE group was less severe,including significant differences in the Bederson score and mNss score (P<0.01). Compared with the SE group,the rats in the EE group had better cognitive func-tion,characterized by shorter latency (P<0.05),longer residence time in the target quadrant (P<0.01),and more times of crossing the platform (P<0.05) in the water maze experiment.Conclusion:The enriched environment can inhibit the activation of astrocytes,promote the conversion of acti-vated astrocytes to neuroprotective type A2 and inhibit their conversion into neurotoxic type A1,resulting in improving cognitive function after ischemic stroke in rats.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of a nomogram based on clinical factors and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced MRI for predicting the expression of Glypican-3 (GPC-3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The clinical and imaging data of 85 patients with HCC confirmed by pathology in the Provincial Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from July 2018 to June 2021 were retrospectively collected. All the patients underwent Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI scan before operation. According to the expression of GPC-3 by immunohistochemistry, the patients were divided into GPC-3 positive group (55 cases) and GPC-3 negative group (30 cases). The clinical data of patients were collected, including gender, age, hepatitis, cirrhosis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamine transferase levels. The MRI qualitative signs including tumor margin, ring enhancement, intratumoral hemorrhage, enhanced capsule, and satellite nodules were reviewed. MRI quantitative parameters including the largest tumor diameter, Gd-BOPTA-enhanced tumor-to-liver parenchyma signal ratio (TLR) and tumor enhancement ratio (TER) in arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) were calculated. The independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the quantitative data between the two groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare the qualitative data between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of GPC-3 expression, and a nomogram model was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance of each independent factor and nomogram, and DeLong test was used to compare differences in area under the curve (AUC). Results:There were significant differences in AFP, tumor margin, intratumoral hemorrhage, and TLR-AP, TLR-PP and TLR-HBP between GPC-3 positive and negative groups (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that AFP≥20 μg/L, intratumoral hemorrhage and TLR-HBP were independent predictors of GPC-3 positive expression in HCC (OR=3.816, 4.788, 0.001, all P<0.05). The preoperative clinical and Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI nomogram model for predicting GPC-3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma was established. The AUC of AFP≥20 μg/L, intratumoral hemorrhage, TLR-HBP and nomogram model in predicting GPC-3 positive expression were 0.688, 0.697, 0.808, and 0.879, respectively. The AUC of nomogram model was significantly better than those of the other three single indicator ( Z=3.82, 4.13, 2.04, P<0.001,<0.001,=0.042). Conclusion:The nomogram model based on indicators of clinical and qualitative and quantitative Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI has better performance in predicting the expression of HCC GPC-3 before surgery, which is higher than those of each single indicator.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of bone graft from the mandible in repairing orbital floor defects.

METHODSBone grafts from the mandible were used to treat 11 cases of orbital floor defects and followed up for 6-12 months.

RESULTSThe surgical incisions healed primarily in all 11 patients. The orbital floor structure was restored. No vision loss, limited eye movement, implant infection, or resorption were observed postoperatively, and no complications occurred in the supply area.

CONCLUSIONSBone grafts from the mandible were an ideal material to repair orbital floor defects.

Objective To investigate the incidence of diseases in member of rescue teams in the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province.Method Twenty days afer the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008,5 068 resucing staff of rescue learns as random and cluster sample were investigated and analyzed to find the factors impacting their fitness associated with their characters,diseases,work,and encampment styles.Results Members of rescue teams suffered from the following diseases:insect dermatitis (18.37%),tinea pedis (10.83%),acute upper respiratory infection (10.56%)and solar dermatitis (6.20%).Contrasted by work tasks,staff resucing on the front line had the highest incidence of acute upper-respiratory infection(11.04%) ,logistics workers had the highest incidence of tinea pedis(15.21% ),and more patients of acute gastroenteritis,insect dermatitis,gingivitis emerged from medical personnel group(P<0.05).The encampment sites were devided into three sorts:plain land,hillside and valley.The staff stayed at valley had higher incidence of acute upper respiratory infection (24.90%),insect dermatitis (36.50%) and tinca pedis (20.02%)than those worked at plain land and hillside (P<0.01).The incidence of acute gastroerrteritis(1.26%) ha staff resides hillside is lower than that in valley or plain land (P<0.05).Conclusions In the period of rescue actions in the guake-hit region,the members of rescue teams suffered from famihar diseases such as dermatitis and acute upper-respiratory infection,etc.The incidence of diseases is associated with their work tasks and the topography of cantonment.

As the elements of local neuronal circuits, parvalbumin (PV)-containing interneurons in the basolateral nucleus (BL) of the amygdala play an important role in the amygdaloid functions of emotion, learning and memory. In order to investigate how the PV-containing interneurons in the BL are controlled, the synapses established on PV- containing interneurons in the BL of the rat amygdala were examined under immunoelectron microscopy using the double labeling methods with anti-PV and anti-dopamine (DA) antibodies for a reference of dopaminergic axon terminals. The results show that the PV immunoreactive (IR) neurons formed the synapses mainly on the dendritic structures from shafts of the dendrites to median and small dendritic branches. 68% of the synapses on the PV-IR profiles were formed by unlabeled axon terminals, and 32 % of them were formed by DA- (21 % ) and PV- (11 % )IR axon terminals. Majority of the synapses on the PV-IR neurons formed by unlabeled axon terminals were symmetric type, and only a small a mount of them were asymmetric that were observed between the PV-IR spines and unlabeled axon terminals and in the serial synapses in which an unlabeled axon terminal symmetrically contacted to another unlabeled axon terminal that, in turn, synapsed asymmetrically to the PV-IR dendritic profiles. The synapses formed between the PV-IR profiles and DA- or PV-IR axon terminals were exclusively symmetric. The present results suggest that the PV-containing interneurons in the BL of the rat amygdala were controlled by an inhibitory network formed by the symmetric synapses around them, among which the DA system was included.