"Dietary inquiry" is a core component of the diagnostic system in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which can be divided into three aspects including appetite， eating capacity， and food preference. Abnormalities in appetite are mainly attributed to dysfunction of the mind and impaired regulatory mechanisms. Clinical inquiry should focus on hunger sensation and the willingness to eat voluntarily. Treatment should aim to soothe the liver， regulate the spleen， nourish and calm the mind. Abnormalities in eating capacity are related to disorders of qi movement and structural dysfunction， for which inquiry should focus on whether food descends smoothly and on postprandial reactions， and the corresponding treatment is descending qi， relieving fullness， and promoting bowel movement and digestion. Abnormalities in food preference arise from damage caused by the five flavors and imbalance of visceral qi， for which inquiry should focus on dietary preferences and whether eating brings comfort. It is important to distinguish between "stomach preference" and "oral preference"， and treatment should carefully differentiate flavor tendencies and correct imbalances through appropriate dietary flavors. By refining the content of dietary inquiry， this study explores how different dimensions of eating status reflect the holistic concept and syndrome differentiation-based treatment in TCM， providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach diseases and related disorders.

"Dietary inquiry" is a core component of the diagnostic system in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which can be divided into three aspects including appetite， eating capacity， and food preference. Abnormalities in appetite are mainly attributed to dysfunction of the mind and impaired regulatory mechanisms. Clinical inquiry should focus on hunger sensation and the willingness to eat voluntarily. Treatment should aim to soothe the liver， regulate the spleen， nourish and calm the mind. Abnormalities in eating capacity are related to disorders of qi movement and structural dysfunction， for which inquiry should focus on whether food descends smoothly and on postprandial reactions， and the corresponding treatment is descending qi， relieving fullness， and promoting bowel movement and digestion. Abnormalities in food preference arise from damage caused by the five flavors and imbalance of visceral qi， for which inquiry should focus on dietary preferences and whether eating brings comfort. It is important to distinguish between "stomach preference" and "oral preference"， and treatment should carefully differentiate flavor tendencies and correct imbalances through appropriate dietary flavors. By refining the content of dietary inquiry， this study explores how different dimensions of eating status reflect the holistic concept and syndrome differentiation-based treatment in TCM， providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach diseases and related disorders.

OBJECTIVE To explore an intelligent shelf management scheme aimed at enhancing the effective utilization rate of shelves and reducing the risk of dispensing errors for easily confused medicine， thereby facilitating the upgrade of intelligent shelf management in inpatient pharmacies. METHODS An intelligent positioning software based on the “five-level positioning” concept was designed using informational technology. Human-machine collaboration mode was adopted to optimize the shelf management process by integrating priority information， including pharmacological action， drug dosage， packaging color， injection drug type， and label style. Then， the effectiveness of the intelligent positioning software was evaluated comprehensively from multiple aspects such as shelf location arrangement effect， internal dispensing error rate and work experience. RESULTS Compared with the application of intelligent shelf management scheme （April-May， 2025）， the proportion of injectable drugs on the middle layer increased from 59.9% to 78.2% after the application of scheme （June-July， 2025）； the average internal dispensing error rate dropped from 0.098% to 0.049%. Intelligent positioning software ensured precise warehousing positioning， simplified management， reduced dispensing errors and achieved a good experience for pharmacists. In addition， the “intelligent positioning software for pharmaceutical shelf management”， developed based on the “five-level positioning” concept， had been granted one national computer software copyright. CONCLUSIONS In summary， the intelligent positioning software fully considers the actual work needs such as shelf capacity， drug dosage and distance between similar drugs. It can provide accurate prediction of pharmaceutical shelf and optimization scheme， basically achieving dual optimization of low error rate and high dispensing efficiency.

Objective: To retrospectively investigate the clinical efficacy, safety, and management experience of a patient diagnosed with polycythemia vera (PV) at the age of 3 who underwent regular erythrocytapheresis for 7 years starting at the age of 10. Methods: Treatment was initiated when the patient's hematocrit was≥50%. The goal was to reduce the hematocrit to below 40%; the removal volume was calculated as 10%-15% of the total red blood cell mass, and an equal volume of normal saline was supplemented during the procedure. Pre-treatment precautions included avoiding fasting and high-fat diets. Post-treatment measures included lying flat for 30 minutes, reducing strenuous exercise for 2–3 days, and rechecking complete blood count 2–5 days after the procedure. During the procedure, adverse reactions such as palpitations, dyspnea, hypotension, and convulsions were monitored. Follow-up was conducted after 3 days to assess any delayed adverse effects. Results: As of August 2025, the patient had undergone a total of 16 erythrocytapheresis sessions. The average volume ranged from 212 to 500 mL. The frequency was 1 to 4 times annually. Post-procedure, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were effectively controlled. Conclusion: Continuous erythrocytapheresis can effectively control Hb and Hct levels in PV patients, preventing adverse effects from the primary disease. Erythrocytapheresis demonstrates efficacy with minimal adverse reactions and can be used as a routine therapeutic technique for PV patients.

Background/Aims: Dysregulated cholesterol metabolism is a hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that drives tumor initiation and progression. However, clinical targeting of cholesterol metabolism has yielded limited benefits due to stringent feedback in tumor cells. Identifying a central mediator capable of restoring cholesterol homeostasis within the cell’s intrinsically fine-tuned regulatory framework is urgently needed. Methods: We integrated a proteomic dataset from patients with cholesterol-dysregulated HCC into a global cholesterol metabolic regulatory network to identify potential therapeutic targets for disrupted cholesterol homeostasis. The prognostic significance of the candidate targets was further validated in an independent cohort through immunohistochemistry. Functional and mechanistic studies were conducted in vitro using HCC cell lines and in vivo using mouse models. The pharmacological efficacy of the candidate agent was evaluated in both subcutaneous and orthotopic HCC mouse models. Results: ER lipid raft-associated 1 (ERLIN1), a pivotal regulator of cholesterol metabolism reprogramming, was identified as an independent favorable prognostic indicator in HCC. ERLIN1 constrains HCC progression both in vitro and in vivo by stabilizing the INSIG1–SCAP–SREBP2 axis and maintaining the metabolic balance of intracellular cholesterol. Under hypoxia, impaired factor-inhibiting hypoxia-1-dependent hydroxylation of ASB11 at asparagine residues 90 and 92 enhances ASB11-mediated ERLIN1 degradation. Pharmacological targeting of this axis using zoledronic acid (ZoA) attenuated HCC progression by weakening the ASB11–ERLIN1 interaction and restoring cholesterol homeostasis. Conclusions ERLIN1 represents a druggable metabolic vulnerability in cholesterol-dysregulated HCC. Targeting the ASB11–ERLIN1 axis with the clinically approved ZoA reestablishes cholesterol homeostasis and offers a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the current limitations of cholesterol-targeted HCC therapies.

Objective Sanguisorba officinalis is the principal medicinal ingredient of Sicaokeyin gel. Gallic acid is commonly used as a key indicator component for evaluating the quality of Sanguisorba officinalis and its preparations. To establish a HPLC method for the determinant of gallic acid in Sicaokeyin gel. Methods With gallic acid as reference substance，HPLC analysis was performed on a Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ column （4.6 mm ×25 mm，5 μm） with methanol-0.05%phosphoric acid （5∶95） under isocratic elution. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength was 272 nm. The column temperature was 30℃, the injection volume was 10 μl. Results Gallic acid showed good linear relationship in the range of 1.004-50.18 μg/ml （r=0.999 9）. The average recovery was 102.9% （n=9）. Conclusion The method was easy to operate; the result was accurate and reliable, which could be used for the quality control of sanguisorba officinalis in Sicaokeyin gel.

AIM: To investigate and clarify the intervention mechanism of trigonelline(TRG)in preventing ferroptosis in ARPE-19 cells based on the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway.METHODS: The ARPE-19 cells were cultured and subsequently treated with varying concentrations of trigonelline to ascertain the most effective concentration for modulating the cells. Then the cells were categorized into distinct groups, including normal control(NC)group, high glucose(HG)group, Fer-1 group, TRG group based on the determined concentration. Samples from each group were then gathered to assess relevant indicators. The intracellular levels of glutathione(GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), and Ferrion were quantified in accordance with the protocols provided by the GSH, MDA, and Ferrion detection kits. Flow cytometry was employed to measure the ROS levels within each group. Additionally, Western blot analysis was conducted to examine the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), glutathione peroxidase(GPX4), and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4)across the different groups.RESULTS: The preconditioning intervention with 40 μg/mL TRG effectively mitigated the decline in cell activity induced by high glucose levels. The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and MDA in the HG group were markedly elevated compared to the NC group; and the TRG group exhibited significantly reduced levels of ROS and MDA compared to those of the HG group, with the antioxidant stress index GSH showing opposite trends to those of ROS and MDA across all the groups. Whereas the Fer-1 and TRG groups showed decreased expression levels of ACSL4 protein and iron ions, and the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and GPX4 in the Fer-1 and TRG groups were increased.CONCLUSION: TRG protects ARPE-19 cells from the detrimental effects of high glucose by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling pathway to counter ferroptosis.

Objective To analyze the trends in disease burden and risk factors of depression among the elderly population in China from 1990 to 2021,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention,treatment,and policy-making of geriatric depression in China.Methods Data on the disease burden of geriatric depres-sion in China from 1990 to 2021,including the number of incident cases,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),incidence rate,and DALY rate,were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)database.The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends by calculating the annual percentage change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC).The autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model was employed to predict the disease burden of geriatric depression over the next five years.Population attributable fractions(PAFs)were used to describe the risk factors for geriatric depression in China in 1990 and 2021.Results From 1990 to 2021,the number of incident cases and the incidence rate of geri-atric depression in China showed an overall upward trend.The most significant increase in incidence was ob-served in the 60-64 age group,while the prevalence rate increased notably in the ≥ 95 age group.The DALY rate showed the most pronounced upward trend in the 65-69 age group.The incidence,prevalence,and DALY rates of geriatric depression were higher in women than in men.Major risk factors included child-hood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence,with the impact of intimate partner violence being particular-ly significant among women.The ARIMA model predicted that the incidence,prevalence,and DALY rates of geriatric depression in China would decline over the next five years,with a greater decline observed in women than in men.Conclusions From 1990 to 2021,the incidence,prevalence,and DALY rates of geriatric de-pression in China showed an overall upward trend,with higher rates observed in women than in men.Greater attention should be paid to the elderly female population,with a focus on early prevention to reduce the dis-ease burden of geriatric depression.

Objective:To investigate the value of coronary CTA (CCTA)-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque in the identification of culprit lesions that caused acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:This was a retrospective multicenter study. From July 2016 to November 2023, a total of 344 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (training cohort, n=184), Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (validation cohort, n=88) and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (test cohort, n=72) who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to AMI and underwent CCTA within 48 hours of AMI were enrolled. The culprit plaques and non-culprit plaques were identified using a combination of electrocardiogram, CCTA, and angiographic findings. The vessel, plaque location, plaque type, Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) score, high-risk plaque characteristics, plaque length, plaque volume, and burden were analyzed, and 1 904 radiomics features were extracted for each plaque. The traditional imaging model, the radiomics model, and the combined model were established by using multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of each model in identifying culprit lesions. The DeLong test was used for the comparison of AUC between every two models. The net reclassification index (NRI) was used to evaluate the incremental value of the combined model to the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical net benefit of these models. A correlation heatmap was used to evaluate the correlation between the radiomics score and traditional CCTA factors. The interpretable analysis of the decision process of the combined model was performed by the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results:In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the traditional imaging model developed by the vessel, plaque type, positive remodeling and CAD-RADS score was 0.898 (95% CI 0.869-0.922) and 0.881 (95% CI 0.848-0.910), respectively. The radiomics model developed by six radiomics features was 0.863 (95% CI 0.831-0.891) and 0.863 (95% CI 0.827-0.864), respectively. The AUC of the combined model was 0.930 (95% CI 0.905-0.950)and 0.919 (95% CI 0.889-0.942), respectively. In the validation cohort and the test cohort, the AUC of the combined model was higher than that of the traditional imaging model ( Z=4.013, 4.272, P<0.001) and that of the radiomics model ( Z=4.819, 3.784, P<0.001), respectively. In the validation cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 20.43% (95% CI 10.43%-30.44%, P<0.001) and 20.21% (95% CI 9.62%-30.80%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. In the test cohort, the combined model yielded an NRI of 28.05% (95% CI 16.72%-39.38%, P<0.001) and 23.57% (95% CI 13.58%-33.56%, P<0.001) for identifying culprit lesions compared with the traditional imaging model and the radiomics model, respectively. DCA showed the combined model had the highest clinical net benefit. The correlation heatmap showed the radiomics score was not correlated or only weakly correlated with traditional CCTA factors. SHAP indicated the radiomics and CAD-RADS score contributed significantly to the model. Conclusion:The CCTA-based traditional features and radiomics of plaque have favorable performance for the identification of culprit plaques in patients with AMI.

[Purpose]To analyze the trends of incidence and age at onset of leukemia in Jiangsu cancer registration areas from 2009 to 2019.[Methods]The continuous monitoring data of leukemia from 2009 to 2019 were collected from 16 cancer registries in Jiangsu Province.All datasets were checked and evaluated based on data quality control criteria and were included in the analysis.Crude incidence rate(CIR),age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASIRC),the average annual percentage change(AAPC),the standardized average age at onset,the changes in the age structure of incidence and the changes in the birth cohort by year were calculated.[Results]The incidence rate of leukemia significantly increased from 5.22/105 in 2009 to 7.88/105 in 2019,with a significant upward trend(for CIR,AAPC=4.95％,95％CI:3.82％～6.09％;for ASIRC,AAPC=2.97％,95％CI:1.52％～4.43％).The incidence rates were in-creased in all age groups and increased with the birth cohort by years.There was a tendency of backward shift for the age composition of the population,with the increasing of composition for those over 60 years old.The mean age at onset increased from 48.62 years old in 2009 to 57.96 years old in 2019,with a backward shift in the mean age(β=0.773,P＜0.001),and the mean age at onset increased with the year only in rural areas after standardization(β=0.428,P=0.017).[Conclusion]Leukemia incidence rate in Jiangsu Province increased from 2009 to 2019,and the age at onset has shifted backwards.It's important to strengthen the early prevention and control of leukemia.