Childhood obesity is a chronic nutritional disorder caused by multiple factors that result in excessive total body fat and/or increased local fat content and abnormal fat distribution，sometimes accompanied by complications such as metabolic syndrome. The obesity caused by other factors excluding the secondary factors like genetics or metabolism is referred to as simple obesity. The incidence of childhood obesity in China is showing a trend toward younger ages and rapid growth，posing a serious threat to people's health and creating a heavy economic burden. Therefore，it is urgent to control and effectively intervene in childhood obesity. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has long been a representative of internal treatment and shows effectiveness and advantages in the clinical treatment of childhood obesity. However，there is currently a lack of a comprehensive set of diagnostic and treatment standards，as well as evidence-based clinical practice. In order to improve clinical physicians' understanding of this disease and to promote the standardization and rationalization of herbal treatment，experts in clinical Chinese and Western medicine，nutrition，and methodology from across China were invited. On the basis of expert experience and current evidence，the Grading of Recommendations Assessment，Development，and Evaluation （GRADE） method was used to grade the evidence and recommendations. After two rounds of Delphi expert consultations，the guideline secretariat revised and refined the materials based on expert opinions. Ultimately，14 entries of expert consensus and recommendations were formulated，highlighting the advantages and characteristics of herbal treatment for childhood obesity，clarifying syndrome differentiation，medication，treatment cycles，and combination therapy plans for common clinical syndromes，thereby providing more treatment ideas in clinical practice and better leveraging therapeutic advantages.

Objective To explore the application effect of blood pressure management based on the health belief model in patients with moyamoya disease after cerebral vascular reconstruction sur-gery.Methods From February to July 2024,210 patients with moyamoya disease who underwent cerebral vascular reconstruction surgery in our hospital were selected as study subjects.They were randomly divided into control group and intervention group,with 105 cases in each group.The control group received routine nursing care,while the intervention group applied blood pressure management based on the health belief model on the basis of routine nursing care.The postoperative cerebral hy-perperfusion syndrome and blood pressure control status of the two groups were compared,and the Health Belief Scale and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale were used to evaluate the effects before and after intervention.Results A total of 203 patients completed the study,including 100 cases in the control group and 103 cases in the intervention group.There were statistically significant differ-ences in the incidence of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome and the proportion of patients with blood pressure higher than baseline data between the two groups(P＜0.05).After the intervention,there were statistically significant differences in the postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome status and blood pressure control status between the two groups(P＜0.05).After intervention,there were statistically significant differences in the scores of susceptibility and health motivation dimensions as well as the total score in the Health Belief Scale between the intervention group and the control group(P＜0.05).After the intervention,there were statistically significant differences in the scores of ambiguity and unpredictability dimensions as well as the total score in the Mishel Uncertainty in Ill-ness Scale between the intervention group and the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Blood pressure management based on the health belief model can effectively control blood pressure,reduce the incidence of cerebral hyperperfusion,improve health beliefs,and reduce the sense of uncertainty about the disease.

Objective To systematically evaluate the risk prediction model for central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections and provide references for clinical practice.Methods Databases such as CNKI,Wanfang,CBM,VIP,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,etc.were retrieved.The search period is from database establishment to June 2,2023.There are 2 researchers who independently screened and extracted the literature,and evaluated the quality of the literature using bias assessment tools of predictive model risk.Results A total of 9 articles were included,including 9 risk prediction models for catheter-related bloodstream infections.The total sample size was 80～11 901 cases;the number of outcome events was 19～403 cases;the C index of the included model was 0.81～0.93.The area under the curve of the subjects ranged from 0.73～0.90.The predictors that appear more frequently in the model mainly included the history of diabetes,albumin value,the number of days of catheterization,the location of catheterization.The evaluation results of the bias assessment tool of predictive model risk for research show that the overall applicability of the included risk prediction models is good,but the bias risk is high.The reasons are related to the improper source of research sample data,inappropriate processing of continuous variable methods,failure to process missing data,insufficient model performance evaluation,and non-standard evaluation indicators.Conclusion There are still some shortcomings in the risk prediction model for central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections.In the future,the quality of related model research should be further improved,especially in terms of predictive factor analysis,model evaluation indicators,etc.,which should be further standardized.

A comprehensive understanding of the nutritional composition and active components of human milk are important for promoting infant health. However, in the design and implementation of scientific research on human milk, the lack of standardized research and implementation methods have led to the collection, storage, and testing processes of human milk samples being largely based on reference literature and practical experience. This has resulted in variability in the representativeness of human milk samples and differences in the comparability of research results between different studies. This article summarizes the principles and guidelines for the " Specification for collection and storage of human milk samples for research", published by the Chinese Nutrition Society on December 30, 2022, and discusses the feasibility and importance of standardized management in the process of scientific research on human milk.

Objective To explore the effect of enhanced external counterpulsation(EECP)on ser-um vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)level and cardiopulmonary function in patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP).Methods A prospective double-blind controlled trial was con-ducted on 300 SAP patients admitted to Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics of Jincheng People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023.They were randomly divided in-to study group(150 cases)and control group(150 cases).Coronary angiography or coronary CT angiography indicated that there were 101,101 and 98 cases,respectively,of one-,two-and three-vessel diseases.The patients of both groups were given conventional drug therapy(secondary pre-ventive drug for coronary heart disease),and those of the study group received EECP therapy ad-ditionally.The changes in serum VEGF level and related indicators of cardiopulmonary exercise test before and after one course of standardized treatment(36 h)were observed and compared be-tween the two groups.Results The VEGF level was significantly higher in the patients with three-vessel disease than those with two-and one-vessel diseases(P＜0.05).The level was obvi-ously increased in the study group and control group after intervention than before(238.41±82.57 ng/L vs 218.75±82.58 ng/L,224.47±85.08 ng/L vs 218.96±83.04 ng/L,P＜0.01),and the former group obtained better improvement of VEGF than the latter group(P＜0.01).The level in the study group and the control group with one-,two-and three-vessel lesions was notably higher than those before intervention(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The study group with one-,two-and three-vessel lesions had statistical differences in the VEGF level after intervention when compared with that in the control group(P＜0.01).The levels of Peak VO2/kg and VO2/kg@AT were sig-nificantly increased in both groups after intervention than before(P＜0.01),with those of the study group notably higher than those of the control group[19.87±5.18 ml/(kg·min)vs 17.15±5.18 ml/(kg·min),P＜0.01;14.33±2.24 ml/(kg·min)vs 12.81±1.57 ml/(kg·min),P＜0.01].Conclusion EECP treatment is helpful to increase VEGF level and improve cardiopul-monary function in SAP patients.

Objective·To analyze the imaging characteristics and diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)in mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)and explore its application to distinguishing between classic and aggressive variants of MCL.Methods·A retrospective analysis was conducted on the 18F-FDG PET/CT images and clinical data of 116 pathologically confirmed,newly diagnosed MCL patients.The imaging features of intra-and extra-nodal lesions were summarized.The accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing bone marrow and gastrointestinal involvement in MCL was evaluated.Furthermore,differences in 18F-FDG PET/CT findings and clinical characteristics between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL were analyzed.Results·Among the 116 patients,100.0%showed positive findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT,with 99.1%exhibiting abnormal lymph nodes and 85.3%having extra-nodal involvement.The most common extra-nodal sites were the spleen,Waldeyer's ring,bone marrow,and gastrointestinal tract.Compared with bone marrow aspiration results,the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting bone marrow involvement in MCL were 43.4%,91.5%,and 66.0%,respectively.When compared with endoscopic biopsy results,the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting gastric and intestinal involvement was 100.0%and 94.1%,respectively,with specificity of 75.0%and 100.0%,and accuracy of 92.9%and 94.7%,respectively.There were significant differences in the highest maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax)and Ki-67 index between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL,with SUVmax positively correlated with Ki-67 index.By using SUVmax>10.4 as the diagnostic threshold,the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL were 73.9%and 77.4%,respectively,with an AUC value of 0.797.Conclusion·18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrates a high detection rate for both intra-and extra-nodal lesions in MCL patients.It exhibits high specificity in diagnosing bone marrow involvement and high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing gastrointestinal involvement,providing reliable non-invasive diagnostic information for MCL bone marrow and gastrointestinal involvement.However,it is not a substitute for pathological examination.Additionally,the positive correlation between SUVmax and Ki-67 index allows SUVmax to effectively differentiate between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL,with a higher SUVmax(>10.4)indicating a higher likelihood of the aggressive variant.These findings have clinical implications for treatment planning and prognosis assessment.

Objective·To analyze the imaging characteristics and diagnostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)in mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)and explore its application to distinguishing between classic and aggressive variants of MCL.Methods·A retrospective analysis was conducted on the 18F-FDG PET/CT images and clinical data of 116 pathologically confirmed,newly diagnosed MCL patients.The imaging features of intra-and extra-nodal lesions were summarized.The accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing bone marrow and gastrointestinal involvement in MCL was evaluated.Furthermore,differences in 18F-FDG PET/CT findings and clinical characteristics between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL were analyzed.Results·Among the 116 patients,100.0%showed positive findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT,with 99.1%exhibiting abnormal lymph nodes and 85.3%having extra-nodal involvement.The most common extra-nodal sites were the spleen,Waldeyer's ring,bone marrow,and gastrointestinal tract.Compared with bone marrow aspiration results,the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting bone marrow involvement in MCL were 43.4%,91.5%,and 66.0%,respectively.When compared with endoscopic biopsy results,the sensitivity of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting gastric and intestinal involvement was 100.0%and 94.1%,respectively,with specificity of 75.0%and 100.0%,and accuracy of 92.9%and 94.7%,respectively.There were significant differences in the highest maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax)and Ki-67 index between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL,with SUVmax positively correlated with Ki-67 index.By using SUVmax>10.4 as the diagnostic threshold,the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL were 73.9%and 77.4%,respectively,with an AUC value of 0.797.Conclusion·18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrates a high detection rate for both intra-and extra-nodal lesions in MCL patients.It exhibits high specificity in diagnosing bone marrow involvement and high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing gastrointestinal involvement,providing reliable non-invasive diagnostic information for MCL bone marrow and gastrointestinal involvement.However,it is not a substitute for pathological examination.Additionally,the positive correlation between SUVmax and Ki-67 index allows SUVmax to effectively differentiate between the classic and aggressive variants of MCL,with a higher SUVmax(>10.4)indicating a higher likelihood of the aggressive variant.These findings have clinical implications for treatment planning and prognosis assessment.

Objective To explore the effect of enhanced external counterpulsation(EECP)on ser-um vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)level and cardiopulmonary function in patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP).Methods A prospective double-blind controlled trial was con-ducted on 300 SAP patients admitted to Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics of Jincheng People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023.They were randomly divided in-to study group(150 cases)and control group(150 cases).Coronary angiography or coronary CT angiography indicated that there were 101,101 and 98 cases,respectively,of one-,two-and three-vessel diseases.The patients of both groups were given conventional drug therapy(secondary pre-ventive drug for coronary heart disease),and those of the study group received EECP therapy ad-ditionally.The changes in serum VEGF level and related indicators of cardiopulmonary exercise test before and after one course of standardized treatment(36 h)were observed and compared be-tween the two groups.Results The VEGF level was significantly higher in the patients with three-vessel disease than those with two-and one-vessel diseases(P＜0.05).The level was obvi-ously increased in the study group and control group after intervention than before(238.41±82.57 ng/L vs 218.75±82.58 ng/L,224.47±85.08 ng/L vs 218.96±83.04 ng/L,P＜0.01),and the former group obtained better improvement of VEGF than the latter group(P＜0.01).The level in the study group and the control group with one-,two-and three-vessel lesions was notably higher than those before intervention(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The study group with one-,two-and three-vessel lesions had statistical differences in the VEGF level after intervention when compared with that in the control group(P＜0.01).The levels of Peak VO2/kg and VO2/kg@AT were sig-nificantly increased in both groups after intervention than before(P＜0.01),with those of the study group notably higher than those of the control group[19.87±5.18 ml/(kg·min)vs 17.15±5.18 ml/(kg·min),P＜0.01;14.33±2.24 ml/(kg·min)vs 12.81±1.57 ml/(kg·min),P＜0.01].Conclusion EECP treatment is helpful to increase VEGF level and improve cardiopul-monary function in SAP patients.

Transcription, Genetic

Based on promoting the " sports and health integration" and with the aim of the positive role of traditional sports in promoting public health in an all-round and whole-cycle way, this paper uses the literature research method to explore the connotation of traditional sports in ancient Chinese books and literatures, such as " treating no diseases" , " treating mild diseases" , " treating desired diseases" and " treating existing diseases" . The traditional exercise prescription is interpreted from the modern language such as the amount of exercise and intensity, application time, role, standardization and matters needing attention, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the integration of traditional exercise prescription into grassroots health management by providing exercise promotion services for healthy, sub-healthy, sick and rehabilitated people.