Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in college freshmen and the impacts of OAB on their mental health, quality of life and social interaction. Methods: An epidemiological questionnaire survey was conducted in an anonymous manner on the prevalence of OAB among 5300 freshmen aged 17 to 22 years enrolled in the 2023—2024 academic year in Xinxiang Medical University and Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University.The questionnaire included questions on basic information, history of urinary tract infection, constipation, smoking, history of alcohol consumption, history of coffee/strong tea drinking, history of carbonated beverage drinking, redundant prepuce, phimosis, holding urine, chronic insomnia, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), quality of life score (QoL), and social avoidance and distress scale (SADS).The influencing factors of OAB were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.The subjects were grouped according to whether they had OAB, and the differences in SAS, QoL and SADS between the OAB group and non-OAB group were compared.The impacts of OAB on the anxiety level, quality of life, and social interaction were analyzed with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence rate of OAB was 4.9% (244/5018).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the history of urinary tract infection (OR=0.177), constipation (OR=0.636), smoking (OR=0.582), alcohol consumption (OR=0.685), coffee/strong tea drinking (OR=0.387), carbonated beverage drinking (OR=0.631), redundant prepuce (OR=0.673), phimosis (OR=0.311), urine holding (OR=0.593), and chronic insomnia (OR=0.256) were influencing factors for the occurrence of OAB (P＜0.05).The OAB group had higher SAS score [(41.18±6.54) vs. (38.61±6.36)], QoL score [(3.65±1.20) vs. (2.79±0.95)], social avoidance score [(6.25±1.86) vs. (5.86±1.51)], social distress score [(6.27±1.59) vs. (5.97±1.32)], and total SADS score [(12.51±2.35) vs. (11.84±2.01)] than the non-OAB group (P＜0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that OAB could independently affect the scores of QoL, SAS, and SADS.The OAB group had higher scores of QoL, SAS, and SADS compared with the non-OAB group (P＜0.001). Conclusion: History of urinary tract infection, constipation, smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee/strong tea drinking, carbonated beverage drinking, redundant prepuce, phimosis, urine holding, and chronic insomnia are influencing factors for the occurrence of OAB in male college students.Moreover, OAB has negative impacts on their mental health, quality of life, and social interaction.

AIM: To compare the effectiveness of foldable capsular body(FCB)with traditional scleral buckling(SB)in the treatment of experimental retinal detachment animal models.METHODS: After successfully establishing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)animal models, 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups(RRD models group, SB group, and FCB group), with 8 rabbits in each group. The FCB and SB groups underwent SB and FCB surgeries for the RRD animal models, while the RRD models group only consists of RRD models without any surgical intervention during the follow-up period. The follow-up duration was 3 mo. Wide-field neonatal fundus imaging system and ophthalmic B-ultrasound were used to assess the fundus conditions before and after surgery. The Icare® TONOVET Plus tonometer was utilized to evaluate intraocular pressure changes before and after surgery. The Eaton and Draize scoring systems were selected to monitor postoperative inflammatory reactions.RESULTS: The retinal reattachment rates in the FCB and SB groups were 87.5% and 75.0%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups(P>0.05). The intraocular pressure in both the FCB and SB groups increased postoperatively compared to preoperative levels(P<0.01), and there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure at any time points during the follow-up period between the groups(P>0.05). The intraocular pressure in the RRD models group remained at a low level throughout the follow-up period. The average surgical time for the FCB group was 16.87±2.29 min, which was shorter than 46.25±4.74 min in the SB group(t=-15.166, P<0.001). According to the Eaton and Draize scoring systems, the FCB group had lower grades of conjunctival hyperemia and edema in the early postoperative period compared to the SB group, indicating milder inflammatory reactions(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Both FCB and SB are effective in treating experimental RRD. Compared to SB, FCB is simpler to operate, and also has a shorter surgical time and milder postoperative inflammatory reactions.

Eucommiae Cortex, the dried bark of Eucommia ulmoides( Eucommiaceae), has both medicinal and edible values.Modern research has shown that Eucommiae Cortex contains various components such as flavonoids, lignans, iridoids, phenolic acids,terpenoids, and steroids, which have anti-osteoporosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, blood glucose-lowering, and gastrointestinal tract-protecting effects. Eucommiae Cortex has applications in multiple fields such as healthcare, industry, and animal husbandry,demonstrating broad development prospects. This article reviews the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and quality control status of Eucommiae Cortex. Furthermore, according to the concept of quality marker(Q-marker), this article predicts the Q-markers of Eucommiae Cortex from traditional medicinal properties, traditional medicinal effects, new medicinal effects, measurability of chemical components, compatibility, harvesting periods, and geographical origins. The components such as pinoresinol diglucoside,chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, baicalein, baicalin, olivil, coniferyl ferulate, and kaempferol can be used as Q-markers for Eucommiae Cortex, which provide reference for establishing a systematic quality control system for Eucommiae Cortex.
Eucommiaceae/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Quality Control ; Humans ; Animals

Objective:To investigate the status of lymph node metastasis in transverse colon cancer and its association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed. Clinical data from patients with transverse colon cancer at stages T1-4, N0-2, M0 who were consecutively admitted in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2010 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were excluded if they had a history of prior tumors, developed a second or subsequent primary malignancy during the follow-up after the current primary transverse colon cancer, or underwent emergency surgery due to complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding or obstruction. The observation indicators included: (1) lymph node metastasis status and its impact on prognosis; (2) lymph node dissection status and the impact of dissection of <12 lymph nodes on prognosis; (3) factors influencing the dissection of <12 lymph nodes. Postoperative follow-up was performed to evaluate tumor recurrence, metastasis, and survival, with a follow-up cutoff date of March, 2025. Chi-squared tests, one-way ANOVA, multivariate logistic regression, the Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank tests were used to analyze the relevant factors of lymph node dissection and its impact on patient prognosis. Postoperative follow-up was conducted via outpatient visits and telephone interviews to assess tumor recurrence, metastasis, and survival.Results:A total of 336 transverse colon cancer patients were included, including 219 males and 117 females, with a median age of 60 years (range: 24-84 years). There were 212, 83, and 41 patients with stage N0, N1, and N2, respectively. The median number of metastatic lymph nodes in the entire cohort was 0 (range: 0-18), with an overall lymph node metastasis rate of 36.9% (124/336). The metastasis rates of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd station lymph nodes were 30.4% (102 cases), 19.6% (66 cases), and 2.4% (8 cases), respectively. Within the T1, T2, T3, and T4 stage groups, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd station lymph node metastasis rates were 3.1% (1/32), 0, and 0 in T1; 14.6% (6/41), 2.4% (1/41), and 0 in T2; 31.6% (54/171), 23.4% (40/171), and 2.3% (4/171) in T3; and 44.6% (41/92), 27.2% (25/92), and 4.3% (4/92) in T4, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the total lymph node metastasis rates among different T stages (χ2=36.816, P<0.001). Additionally, statistically significant differences were also observed in the metastasis rates of lymph nodes at Station 1 and Station 2 among different stages (χ2=24.924, P<0.001; χ2=20.338, P<0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was found in the metastasis rate of lymph nodes at station 3 (χ2=3.313, P=0.346). Skip metastasis was observed in 23 patients (6.8%), including 14 cases in T3 stage and 9 cases in T4 stage, with no skip metastasis found in T1 or T2 stages. The median follow-up time was 39 months (95%CI: 36-42). 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 96.6%, 87.8%, and 85.8%, respectively, and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 94.7%, 82.6%, and 74.7%, respectively. The 5-year DFS rates in N0, N1, and N2 stages were 85.4%, 66.1%, and 41.3%, respectively (χ2=67.408, P<0.001). Patients with station 1 lymph node metastasis had a significantly lower 5-year DFS than those without metastasis (56.8% vs. 83.0%, χ2=32.348, P<0.001). Similarly, patients with station 2 lymph node metastasis had a significantly lower 5-year DFS than those without (50.2% vs. 81.0%, χ2=28.313, P<0.001). However, no significant difference in 5-year DFS was found between patients with station 3 lymph node metastasis and those without (51.4% vs. 75.1%, χ2=2.759, P=0.097). There was also no significant difference in 5-year DFS between patients with and without skip metastasis (65.0% vs. 75.5%,χ2=0.879, P=0.349). The median number of dissected lymph nodes in the entire cohort was 16 (range: 3-52). Using 12 lymph nodes as the cutoff, 286 patients (85.1%) had ≥12 lymph nodes dissected, and 50 patients (14.9%) had <12. The 5-year DFS in the <12 lymph nodes group was lower than that in the ≥12 group (62.1% vs. 76.6%), but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=2.863, P=0.091). Univariate analysis showed that age, tumor length, high-moderate differentiation, and T stage were influencing factors for dissecting <12 lymph nodes (all P<0.1). Going further, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥50 years (OR=2.564, 95%CI: 1.085-6.054, P=0.032), high-moderate tumor differentiation (OR=2.582, 95% CI: 1.265-5.271, P=0.009), and T1-2 stage (OR=2.520, 95%CI: 1.177-5.396, P=0.017) were independent risk factors for dissecting <12 lymph nodes (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Lymph node metastasis in transverse colon cancer mainly occurs at the 1st and 2nd stations. Skip metastasis may occur in T3-T4 stages. For T1-2 stage transverse colon cancer, D2 radical resection can be performed, but for cancers in T3 to T4, D3 radical operation should be carried out.

Objective:To investigate the status of lymph node metastasis in transverse colon cancer and its association with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed. Clinical data from patients with transverse colon cancer at stages T1-4, N0-2, M0 who were consecutively admitted in the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2010 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were excluded if they had a history of prior tumors, developed a second or subsequent primary malignancy during the follow-up after the current primary transverse colon cancer, or underwent emergency surgery due to complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding or obstruction. The observation indicators included: (1) lymph node metastasis status and its impact on prognosis; (2) lymph node dissection status and the impact of dissection of <12 lymph nodes on prognosis; (3) factors influencing the dissection of <12 lymph nodes. Postoperative follow-up was performed to evaluate tumor recurrence, metastasis, and survival, with a follow-up cutoff date of March, 2025. Chi-squared tests, one-way ANOVA, multivariate logistic regression, the Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank tests were used to analyze the relevant factors of lymph node dissection and its impact on patient prognosis. Postoperative follow-up was conducted via outpatient visits and telephone interviews to assess tumor recurrence, metastasis, and survival.Results:A total of 336 transverse colon cancer patients were included, including 219 males and 117 females, with a median age of 60 years (range: 24-84 years). There were 212, 83, and 41 patients with stage N0, N1, and N2, respectively. The median number of metastatic lymph nodes in the entire cohort was 0 (range: 0-18), with an overall lymph node metastasis rate of 36.9% (124/336). The metastasis rates of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd station lymph nodes were 30.4% (102 cases), 19.6% (66 cases), and 2.4% (8 cases), respectively. Within the T1, T2, T3, and T4 stage groups, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd station lymph node metastasis rates were 3.1% (1/32), 0, and 0 in T1; 14.6% (6/41), 2.4% (1/41), and 0 in T2; 31.6% (54/171), 23.4% (40/171), and 2.3% (4/171) in T3; and 44.6% (41/92), 27.2% (25/92), and 4.3% (4/92) in T4, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the total lymph node metastasis rates among different T stages (χ2=36.816, P<0.001). Additionally, statistically significant differences were also observed in the metastasis rates of lymph nodes at Station 1 and Station 2 among different stages (χ2=24.924, P<0.001; χ2=20.338, P<0.001). However, no statistically significant difference was found in the metastasis rate of lymph nodes at station 3 (χ2=3.313, P=0.346). Skip metastasis was observed in 23 patients (6.8%), including 14 cases in T3 stage and 9 cases in T4 stage, with no skip metastasis found in T1 or T2 stages. The median follow-up time was 39 months (95%CI: 36-42). 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 96.6%, 87.8%, and 85.8%, respectively, and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 94.7%, 82.6%, and 74.7%, respectively. The 5-year DFS rates in N0, N1, and N2 stages were 85.4%, 66.1%, and 41.3%, respectively (χ2=67.408, P<0.001). Patients with station 1 lymph node metastasis had a significantly lower 5-year DFS than those without metastasis (56.8% vs. 83.0%, χ2=32.348, P<0.001). Similarly, patients with station 2 lymph node metastasis had a significantly lower 5-year DFS than those without (50.2% vs. 81.0%, χ2=28.313, P<0.001). However, no significant difference in 5-year DFS was found between patients with station 3 lymph node metastasis and those without (51.4% vs. 75.1%, χ2=2.759, P=0.097). There was also no significant difference in 5-year DFS between patients with and without skip metastasis (65.0% vs. 75.5%,χ2=0.879, P=0.349). The median number of dissected lymph nodes in the entire cohort was 16 (range: 3-52). Using 12 lymph nodes as the cutoff, 286 patients (85.1%) had ≥12 lymph nodes dissected, and 50 patients (14.9%) had <12. The 5-year DFS in the <12 lymph nodes group was lower than that in the ≥12 group (62.1% vs. 76.6%), but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=2.863, P=0.091). Univariate analysis showed that age, tumor length, high-moderate differentiation, and T stage were influencing factors for dissecting <12 lymph nodes (all P<0.1). Going further, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥50 years (OR=2.564, 95%CI: 1.085-6.054, P=0.032), high-moderate tumor differentiation (OR=2.582, 95% CI: 1.265-5.271, P=0.009), and T1-2 stage (OR=2.520, 95%CI: 1.177-5.396, P=0.017) were independent risk factors for dissecting <12 lymph nodes (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Lymph node metastasis in transverse colon cancer mainly occurs at the 1st and 2nd stations. Skip metastasis may occur in T3-T4 stages. For T1-2 stage transverse colon cancer, D2 radical resection can be performed, but for cancers in T3 to T4, D3 radical operation should be carried out.

[Objective] To investigate the impacts of voiding positions on urinary flow measurement (UFM) and post voided residual (PVR) in young males, to explore a better voiding position, and to provide reference for the clinical application of UFM. [Methods] A total of 43 male medical students (22-28 years old, all healthy with no lower urinary tract symptoms) from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College were enrolled.UFM was recorded in standing position, forward-bentding sitting position and sitting position, respectively.PVR was determined with B-ultrasound immediately after each voiding.Voided volume (VV), maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), average urine flow rate (Qave) and PVR were compared. [Results] In the standing, forward-bending sitting, and seating positions the VV were 211.6 (169.5, 265.9) mL, 206.8 (173.5, 262.8) mL, and 203.7 (175.9, 260.0) mL, respectively, with no significant difference (P=0.486); the Qmax were (26.00±2.33) mL/s, (26.41±2.12) mL/s, and (23.50±2.52) mL/s, respectively; the Qave were (14.03±2.21) mL/s, (14.27±2.18) mL/s, and (11.77±1.89) mL/s, respectively; the PVR were (9.97±2.26) mL, (9.43±1.97) mL and (12.10±3.28) mL, respectively.The Qmax and Qave in standing position and forward-bending sitting position were significantly higher than those in the sitting position, while the PVR was lower than that in the sitting position, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in Qmax, Qave and PVR between the forward-bending sitting and standing positions (P>0.05). [Conclusion] Standing position and forward-bending seating position are beneficial for emptying the bladder, and these two positions are recommended for young men to urinate as the first choice.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of Uyghur medicine Yangxin Dawayimixike Honey Paste （养心达瓦依米西克蜜膏， YDMHP） in the treatment of stable angina pectoris （SAP） of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. MethodsA randomized ， double-blind， positive-controlled，multi-center clinical trial was conducted， in which 370 patients with SAP of qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group（279 cases）and control group（91cases）at a ratio of 3∶1. The treatment group was orally administered with YDMHP， 3 g each time， and placebo of Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule （血府逐瘀胶囊）， 2.4 g each time， while the control group was treated with Xuefu Zhuyu Capsule， 2.4 g each time， and placebo of YDMHP， 3 g each time， both twice a day for a course of 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the effect of angina pectoris symptom. The secondary outcomes include single angina symptom scores such as number of attacks， duration of attacks， pain intensity and usae of nitroglycerin scores， the total angina symptom score before and after the treatment， the usage of nitroglycerin， the exercise duration in treadmill exercise test （TET） and the Duck treadmill score among patients，the scores of Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） on five dimensions including physical limitations， anginal stability， anginal frequency， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception， and efficacy of TCM syndrome and of each single TCM symptom after treatment. The safety were evaluated by examine blood routine， urine routine， liver and kidney function， fasting blood sugar， electrocardiogram， adverse events. ResultsThe total effective rate of angina symptom in the treatment group was 71.69% （200/279）， significantly higher than 51.64% （47/91） in the control group （P＜0.01）. The curative and markedly effective rate of TCM syndrome in the treatment group was 53.05% （148/279）， which was significantly higher than 25.27% （23/91） in the control group （P＜0.01）. After treatment， scores of the number as well as duration of angina attacks and pain severity， the total score of angina symptoms， and the usage of nitroglycerin significantly decreased in both groups， and more changes were seen in the treatment group than in the control group； the scores of physical limitations， anginal stability， anginal frequency， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception in both groups significantly increased， and more improvement were shown in the experimental group regarding the anginal stability， anginal frequency and treatment satisfaction （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The effects of chest pain， chest tightness， palpitation， shortness of breath and fatigue in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in the exercise duration of treadmill test and Duke score among patients between the two groups either before or after treatment （P＞0.05）. Adverse events occurred in 66 cases （23.66%） of the experimental group and 16 cases （17.58%） of the control group， with no statistical significance between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionThe Uyghur medicine YDMHP can effectively improve symptoms of angina pectoris， reduce the number， duration， and intensity of attacks， decrease the dosage of nitrogly-cerin and improve the individual TCM symptoms and has good safety in the treatment of SAP patients of qi stagnation and blood stasis.

Objective To analyze the effect of microRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) of extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on premature ovarian failure. Methods Follicular fluids were provided by premature ovarian failure patients with in vitro fertilization or the second-generation in vitro fertilization treatment and normal volunteers with the same treatment for infertility due to male factors; the exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated by differential centrifugation; the morphology, particle size and marker proteins of isolated exosomes were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, NanoSight LM10 analyzer and Western blotting. Granulosa cells were treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX), exosomes, miR-22-3 mimics and corresponding controls, and were divided into CTX group, control group, exosome incubation group, PBS treatment group, CTX+miR-22-3p group, CTX+miR-NC group, CTX+Exosomes group, and CTX+PBS group; gene expression was detected by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis. Results The extracted exosomes had typical goblet vesicles, the exosome marker proteins C cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63) and C cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9) were expressed in the extracted exosomes, and exosome particle size was 80 to 150 nm; miR-22-3p was significantly lowly expressed in patients with premature ovarian failure and ovarian granulosa cells induced by CTX (P < 0.05), but was significantly highly expressed in ovarian granulosa cells incubated with exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.05); the activity of granulosa cells in the CTX group was significantly lower than that in the control group, but was significantly higher in the CTX+miR-22-3p group or CTX+Exosomes group than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the apoptosis rate of granulosa cells in the CTX group was significantly higher than that in the control group, but was significantly lower in the CTX+miR-22-3p or CTX+Exosomes group than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The miR-22-3p of extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit ovarian granulosa cell injury induced by CTX.