Animal model research on spleen and stomach diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is of great significance for elucidating the nature of diseases and syndromes and for revealing the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicinals. At present， studies on classical TCM syndrome models of spleen and stomach diseases mainly focus on spleen deficiency syndrome， liver constraint syndrome， and damp-heat syndrome. Model construction is mostly based on the etiological and pathophysiological characteristics of syndrome， and model evaluation primarily involves macroscopic manifestations and physicochemical indicators. This paper summarizes the current research status of animal models integrating disease and syndrome for seven common spleen and stomach diseases， including chronic gastritis and gastric precancerous lesions， gastroesophageal reflux disease， functional dyspepsia， inflammatory bowel disease， irritable bowel syndrome， functional constipation， and functional diarrhea. The modeling methods and characteristics of disease-syndrome combined animal models for each disease are analyzed. It is proposed that future research on disease-syndrome integration in spleen and stomach diseases should move toward syste-matic， precise， and integrative development， and that interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary research approaches should be adopted to enhance the predictive value and application efficiency of disease-syndrome combined animal models.

Objective: To explore the types and levels of exosomes in cryoprecipitate from donors of different blood types, genders, and age groups, and to preliminarily characterize their specific proteins. Methods: Exosomes were extracted from cryoprecipitate using the polymer precipitation method. The exosomes were identified by particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot. Finally, the specific proteins CD63, CD81, CD9, Cytochrome C, Syntenin-1, and VLA-4 of exosomes were characterized using Luminex. Results: The purified exosomes exhibited a double-membrane vesicle structure under microscopy, appearing saucer-shaped or as hemispheres with a concave side. They specifically expressed the CD63 and TSG101 proteins, while the endoplasmic reticulum protein Calnexin was not expressed. The particle sizes(nm) of exosomes from blood types A, B, O, and AB were 119.6±47.5, 120.5±47.4, 133.3±54.1 and 103.1±35.3, respectively. Taking the exosomal specific protein CD63 as an example, its expression levels(pg/mL) in cryoprecipitate from female and male donors were 128.22±63.52 and 117.39±40.84, respectively; the expression(pg/mL) levels in the 20-40 and 40-60 age groups were 114.20±37.28 and 131.41±64.98, respectively; and the expression levels(pg/mL) in the four blood types A, B, O, and AB were 109.58±37.79, 127.45±44.46, 131.89±40.59, and 122.29±78.68, respectively. The expression levels of CD63 in exosomes from different blood types, genders, and age groups were similar, with no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). The distribution of the other five exosomal-specific proteins was also comparable among the normal blood donors. Conclusion: The expression levels of exosomal-specific proteins in cryoprecipitate from normal blood donors are not associated with blood type, gender, and age group.

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of occupational hazard factors (OHF) in the workplace of key industries in Shaoguan City from 2021 to 2024. Methods A total of 486 enterprises of key industries in Shaoguan City, selected from the "Occupational Diseases Hazardous Items Reporting System" and the "Guangdong Provincial Occupational Health Quality Control Platform" from 2021 to 2024, were used as the research subjects. Data on the declaration of occupational hazard projects, the exposure to OHF and the occupational medical examinations for workers, the usage of protective equipment and the setup of protection facilities in enterprises, and the monitoring results of OHF were analyzed. Results From 2021 to 2024, a total of 486 enterprises of key industries in Shaoguan City were monitored, and the detection rate of OHF exceeding national standard was 57.0%. The exceedance rates in medium/large enterprises and small/micro enterprises were 67.1% and 55.0%, respectively. A total of 51 771 worker-exposures to OHF were recorded, with an exposure rate of 55.8%. Training coverage for enterprise managers, occupational health personnel, and workers were 96.7%, 97.1%, and 98.7%, respectively. Abnormal rates in occupational medical examinations were 3.3%, 0.2%, and 0.8% among workers exposed to noise, dust, and chemical factors, respectively. Provision rates of dust respirators, chemical respirators, hearing protection devices (earplugs and earmuffs) were 93.2%, 85.4% and 86.8%, respectively, with wearing compliance rates of 98.7%, 98.8% and 97.1%. Installation rates of dust control, chemical hazard control, and noise control facilities were 97.2%, 90.3%, and 69.9%, respectively, and all facilities were 100.0% effective. Exceedance rates for OHF and noise increased annually (all P<0.05), whereas those for dust and chemical factors decreased (all P<0.05). The exceedance rates of work position from high to low were dust (18.1%), noise (17.1%) and chemical factors (6.4%). Lead-related position had the highest exceedance rate (31.9%). Industries with higher exceedance rates included metal products manufacturing (27.3%), ferrous metal smelting and rolling (24.1%), and non-metallic mineral products manufacturing (23.7%). Conclusion Workplaces in key industries of Shaoguan City face relatively high risks of occupational hazards. It is essential to focus on noise management, with efforts to strengthen occupational health supervision and guidance for small/micro enterprises as well as industries with severe occupational hazards, promoting the standardization of occupational health management.

Objective: To explore the association between negative life events and smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for prevention and intervention of smartphone addiction among middle school students. Methods: Using cluster sampling, 8 890 students were selected to survey from 27 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools in a district of Shenzhen in 2022 (baseline) and 2023 (followup). Data were collected through selfresigned questionnaires on basic information, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and the Adolescent Selfrating Life Events Checklist. Mixedeffects models were employed to analyze the association. Results: Compared to 2022, the punishment scores of middle school students in 2023 [1.00 (0.00, 6.00) and 1.00 (0.00, 6.00)] decreased (Z=4.27), while the scores of interpersonal stress, learning stress and adaptation [4.00(0.00, 8.00), 4.00(0.00, 8.00); 4.00(1.00, 8.00), 5.00(2.00, 9.00); 2.00 (0.00, 6.00), 3.00 (0.00, 7.00)] increased (Z=-3.04, -8.36, -6.80) (P<0.01). Mixedeffects models revealed a positive doseresponse relationship between negative life events and smartphone addiction (OR=1.08-1.17, P<0.01). Stepwise regression showed independent positive effects of interpersonal stress (OR=1.05), academic stress (OR=1.03), and adaptation stress (OR=1.11) on smartphone addiction (P<0.01). Subgroup analysis of nonaddicted students in 2022 confirmed persistent associations for academic stress (OR=1.03) and adaptation (OR=1.07) (P<0.01). Conclusion Negative life events exhibit a positive doseresponse relationship with smartphone addiction, particularly interpersonal stress, academic stress, and adaptationrelated events.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal association between only-child status and smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide a basis for establishing family intervention measures for smartphone addiction in middle school students. Methods: In October 2022 and October 2023, a preliminary survey and follow-up were conducted among 8 759 middle and high school students from 30 schools in a district of Shenzhen. A self-designed questionnaire was used to determine whether the students were the only-child, and the Chinese Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (C-SAS-SV) was utilized to assess the students smartphone addiction status. A multilevel mixed-effects model and subgroup analysis were applied to examine the association between only-child status and smartphone addiction among middle school students. Results: During 2022 to 2023, the prevalence of smartphone addiction in the cohort of middle school students increased from 24.1% to 25.2%. Compared with only-child, non-only child were more likely to be addicted to smartphones (adjusted model: OR =1.2, 95% CI =1.1-1.4) and also scored higher on smartphone addiction (adjusted model: β =0.9, 95% CI =0.2-1.5)( P <0.05). Subgroup analysis further revealed that compared to baseline, non-only child demonstrated an increased prevalence of smartphone addiction (adjusted model: OR = 1.2 , 95% CI =1.0-1.5) and higher addiction scores (adjusted model: β =0.8, 95% CI =0.2-1.5) after one year( P <0.05). Conclusions Non-only child face higher risk of smartphone addiction. Under the current population policy, it is crucial to address smartphone addiction among middle school students who is not only child.

The Solomon four-group design， a critical method for improving internal validity in clinical research， can reduce bias and control the interference of Hawthorne effects and pretest sensitization on research results， which offers unique advantages in evaluating complex intervention outcomes. This paper systematically outlined the core framework and key points of statistical analysis of the Solomon four-group design， summarized its applications in clinical research at home and abroad， explored its advantages and limitations， and discussed the potential value in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） clinical trials. It is believed that the Solomon four-group design can help distinguish between testing effects and intervention effects in TCM clinical studies， and reduce the bias in the evaluation of subjective indicators. Meanwhile， given the complexity of the Solomon four-group design and the particularity of TCM clinical research， it is proposed that future TCM clinical studies should focus on using psychological scales， know-ledge， attitude， and behavior measurements， and other similat evaluations as endpoints. It also advocates strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration to provide new methodological paths for TCM clinical research.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, chatbots have shown great potential in the healthcare sector. From personalized health advice to chronic disease management and psychological support, chatbots have demonstrated significant advantages in improving the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. As the scope of their applications expands, the relationship between technological complexity and practical application scenarios has become increasingly intertwined, necessitating a more comprehensive evaluation of both aspects. This paper, from the perspective of he althcare applications, systematically reviews the technological pathways and development of chatbots in the medical field, providing an in-depth analysis of their performance across various medical scenarios. It thoroughly examines the advantages and limitations of chatbots, aiming to offer theoretical support for future research and propose feasible recommendations for the broader adoption of chatbot technologies in healthcare.

Perimenopause raises the risk and incidence of depression, whereas the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Disturbed glucose regulation has been widely documented in depressive disorders, which renders the brain susceptible to various stresses such as estrogen depletion. However, whether and how glucose dysfunction regulates depression-like behaviors and neuronal damage in perimenopausal transition remains unexplored. Here, a prominent depressive phenotype was found in perimenopausal mice induced by the ovarian toxin 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). The VCD depression susceptible group (VCD^SS) and the VCD depression resilient group (VCD^RES) were determined using a ROC-based behavioral screening approach. We found that the hippocampus, a crucial region linked to depression, had hyperglycemia and mitochondrial abnormalities. Interestingly, oral administration of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (EMPA) and intrahippocampal glucose infusion suggest a close relationship between hyperglycemia in the hippocampus and the susceptibility to depression. We verified that cytochrome c oxidase 7c (COX7C) downregulation is a potential cause of the high glucose-induced neuronal injury using proteomic screening and biochemical validations. High glucose causes COX7C to be ubiquitinated in a S-phase kinase associated protein 1 (SKP1)-dependent manner. According to these results, SKP1/COX7C represents a unique therapeutic target and a novel molecular route for treating perimenopausal depression.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for sarcopenia in hospitalized patients,to construct a risk prediction model for sarcopenia in elderly hospitalized patients,and to provide a quantitative tool for early screening and intervention of sarcopenia based on the integration of multi-dimensional indicators.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the data of 2105 elderly patients who were hospitalized in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from March 2016 to June 2023.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was used for the screening of variables,and the logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for sarcopenia.A predictive model was constructed,and internal and external validation was performed.The Shapley additive explanations model was used to analyze feature contributions,and a nomogram model was constructed to visualize and interpret the results.Results:The 1259 patients from March 2016 to December 2020 were randomly divided into a training set with 882 patients and an internal test set with 377 patients at a ratio of 7∶3,and the 846 patients from January 2021 to June 2023 were established as the external validation set.A total of 489 cases of sarcopenia(55.44%)were detected in the training set.The logistic regression analysis based on the training set showed that asthenia,dependence on Activity of Daily Living,malnutrition,and in-creasing age were risk factors for sarcopenia(odds ratio[OR]>1,P<0.05),and male sex,normal body mass index,and overweight were protective factors against sarcopenia(OR<1,P<0.05).The model had an AUC of 0.876(95%CI=0.854-0.899)in the training set,0.883(95%CI=0.849-0.918)in the internal test set,and 0.750(95%CI=0.717-0.783)in the external validation set,suggesting that the model had good performance.The decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram model had a good clinical value.Conclu-sion:The predictive model for sarcopenia has good performance and holds promise for clinical application.

Objective To construct a hypertension structured database based on Yi-9B large language model by aiming at the large amount of unstructured data generated in the process of hypertension diagnosis and treatment in order to elevate the efficiency of data management and provide the support for clinical deci-sion-making.Methods The key clinical informations of 114 369 patients with hypertension visiting in the Sec-ond Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University during 2014-2023 were extracted.The Yi-9B large lan-guage model was used for conducting the entity identification and data structuring,and the database architec-ture was designed for statistical analysis and clinical application.Results After the database structuring process,the mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were(149.98±20.55)mmHg and(86.90±13.75)mmHg,respectively.According to the classification of blood pressure level,the proportions of the nor-mal high value for high risk,very high risk of hypertension grade 1,and very high risk of hypertension grade 2 were the highest,which accounted for 20.73％,27.80％and 19.59％respectively.52.64％of the patients were complicated with heart disease,10.18％with complicating diabetes and 12.71％with complicating hy-perlipidemia.Logistic regression analysis showed that＞50-60 and＞60-70 years old was the high incidence age segment,moreover the systolic blood pressure showed an increasing trend with the age increase,reflecting the universality of hypertension in aging.This database significantly improved the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment in clinical application and realized the efficient analysis and management of data.Conclusion The hyper-tension structured database based on Yi-9B large language model effectively processes the unstructured data,significantly improves the efficiency of data extraction and management,helps to optimize the diagnosis and treatment decision-making,improves the management efficiency and provides the support for intelligent man-agement and personalized diagnosis and treatment.