In 2023, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by the American and European liver associations. This new nomenclature recognizes metabolic dysfunction as the central driver of the disease, and the diagnostic criteria now require the presence of hepatic steatosis plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. B-mode ultrasonography remains the most common and practical method for detecting hepatic steatosis, although newer ultrasound techniques based on attenuation, backscatter, and speed of sound have gained traction as tools to diagnose and quantify hepatic steatosis. Additionally, ultrasound elastography is increasingly used in routine clinical practice to assess liver fibrosis, diagnose cirrhosis, and identify clinically significant portal hypertension.

In 2023, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by the American and European liver associations. This new nomenclature recognizes metabolic dysfunction as the central driver of the disease, and the diagnostic criteria now require the presence of hepatic steatosis plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. B-mode ultrasonography remains the most common and practical method for detecting hepatic steatosis, although newer ultrasound techniques based on attenuation, backscatter, and speed of sound have gained traction as tools to diagnose and quantify hepatic steatosis. Additionally, ultrasound elastography is increasingly used in routine clinical practice to assess liver fibrosis, diagnose cirrhosis, and identify clinically significant portal hypertension.

In 2023, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by the American and European liver associations. This new nomenclature recognizes metabolic dysfunction as the central driver of the disease, and the diagnostic criteria now require the presence of hepatic steatosis plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. B-mode ultrasonography remains the most common and practical method for detecting hepatic steatosis, although newer ultrasound techniques based on attenuation, backscatter, and speed of sound have gained traction as tools to diagnose and quantify hepatic steatosis. Additionally, ultrasound elastography is increasingly used in routine clinical practice to assess liver fibrosis, diagnose cirrhosis, and identify clinically significant portal hypertension.

In 2023, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by the American and European liver associations. This new nomenclature recognizes metabolic dysfunction as the central driver of the disease, and the diagnostic criteria now require the presence of hepatic steatosis plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. B-mode ultrasonography remains the most common and practical method for detecting hepatic steatosis, although newer ultrasound techniques based on attenuation, backscatter, and speed of sound have gained traction as tools to diagnose and quantify hepatic steatosis. Additionally, ultrasound elastography is increasingly used in routine clinical practice to assess liver fibrosis, diagnose cirrhosis, and identify clinically significant portal hypertension.

In 2023, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by the American and European liver associations. This new nomenclature recognizes metabolic dysfunction as the central driver of the disease, and the diagnostic criteria now require the presence of hepatic steatosis plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. B-mode ultrasonography remains the most common and practical method for detecting hepatic steatosis, although newer ultrasound techniques based on attenuation, backscatter, and speed of sound have gained traction as tools to diagnose and quantify hepatic steatosis. Additionally, ultrasound elastography is increasingly used in routine clinical practice to assess liver fibrosis, diagnose cirrhosis, and identify clinically significant portal hypertension.

As adult stem cells, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have the potential for self-replication, renewal, and multidirection differentiation. Their unique biological function determines their wide clinical indications. Researchers can define the quality attributes of hMSCs according to clinical expectations. The quality study of hMSCs should consider microbiological safety, biological safety, cell biological properties, and biological effectiveness. Quality evaluation is a common physical, chemical, and biological evaluation method for hMSCs. Traditional product safety evaluation strategies cannot fully adapt to current technology and product usage characteristics. Researchers have developed new, effective evaluation methods based on current technology. In terms of product efficacy evaluation strategies, an efficacy evaluation system has been gradually established and standardized according to the intended clinical use and based on quality studies, which can enable researchers to evaluate hMSCs products more comprehensively at different stages and processes. In this paper, the progress of quality research and evaluation of human mesenchymal stem cells was reviewed to provide a reference for the utilization of stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease. At present, no definite ALS biomarkers are available. In this study, exosomes from the plasma of patients with ALS and healthy controls were extracted, and differentially expressed exosomal proteins were compared. Among them, the expression of exosomal coronin-1a (CORO1A) was 5.3-fold higher than that in the controls. CORO1A increased with disease progression at a certain proportion in the plasma of patients with ALS and in the spinal cord of ALS mice. CORO1A was also overexpressed in NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells, and apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagic protein expression were evaluated. CORO1A overexpression resulted in increased apoptosis and oxidative stress, overactivated autophagy, and hindered the formation of autolysosomes. Moreover, CORO1A activated Ca²⁺-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, thereby blocking the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. The inhibition of calcineurin activation by cyclosporin A reversed the damaged autolysosomes. In conclusion, the role of CORO1A in ALS pathogenesis was discovered, potentially affecting the disease onset and progression by blocking autophagic flux. Therefore, CORO1A might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ALS.
Mice ; Animals ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology* ; Calcineurin/metabolism* ; Motor Neurons/pathology* ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism* ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism*

Objective:To investigate the effect of placenta previa attached to cesarean scar for adverse pregnant outcomes in patients with or without placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS).Methods:The clinical information of patients with cesarean section history and placenta previa during the perioperative period at Peking University First Hospital from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2020 were collected retrospectively. There were 53 cases without PAS and 172 cases with PAS, 153 cases with abnormally invasive placenta (containing placenta increta and placenta percreta) and 72 cases without PAS or with placenta accreta. The pregnant outcomes including rate of postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion, hysterectomy between the above groups were compared. Multivariate analysis was performed to study the factors significantly associated with PAS.Results:Pregnant women with PAS were at higher risk of adverse pregnant outcomes than those without PAS. Patients with PAS had higher incidences of hysterectomy [12.2% (21/172) vs 0(0/53); P=0.005], postpartum hemorrhage [60.5% (104/172) vs 5.7% (3/53); P<0.01] and blood transfusion [66.9% (115/172) vs 7.5% (4/53); P<0.01]. In the subgroup analysis stratified by the type of PAS, patients with abnormally invasive placenta were at higher risk of hysterectomy [13.7% (21/153) vs 0 (0/72); P<0.01], postpartum hemorrhage [66.7% (102/153) vs 6.9% (5/72); χ2 =70.873, P<0.01] and blood transfusion [74.5% (114/153) vs 6.9% (5/72); χ2 =90.869, P<0.01]. After multiple logistic regression, the type of creta had the positive relation with postpartum hemorrhage ( OR=27.622, 95% CI:9.873~77.280; P<0.01) and blood transfusion ( OR=36.912, 95% CI:13.239~102.922; P<0.01). There were no significant correlations between adverse pregnant outcomes and the type of placenta previa or the times of cesarean section (all P>0.01). Conclusions:Placenta previa attached to cesarean scar without PAS or with placenta accreta could not act as the factor of predicting adverse pregnant outcomes in clinic. Placenta previa attached to cesarean scar with placenta increta or placenta percreta could increase the risk of adverse pregnant outcomes.

Interest temptation is a relatively hidden improper activity in medical human trials.Improper influence brought by interest temptation mainly displays allure in mind on subjects,which may lead them to make unreal promise.To avoid interest temptation and the undue influence,it needs to essentially distinguish interest temptation and interest sharing,apply different rules to different types of the subjects and strengthen the supervision function of institutional ethics committee.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)can reflect the brain structure and development more quantitatively and intuitively than conventional magnetic resonance sequence by obtaining the diffusion properties of water molecules. In neonatal brain developmental research,DTI could be used to study the developmental regularities of white matter tracts and cerebral structure deformity.It can also help to explore the relationship between white matter microstructure and neurodevelopmental outcome.In the study of brain injury,including premature white matter injury,hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,neonatal stroke,and so on,DTI can diagnose the brain microstructure injury precisely,evaluate the ef-fectiveness of interventions and predict the long -term neurodevelopmental outcome.DTI may have good prospect in re-search and clinical application on neonatal brain development and injury.