Objective : To analyze the relationship between tongue volume, tongue position, dental and skeletal parameters in adult patients with different skeletal malocclusions, providing references for the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of skeletal malocclusions. Methods: This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent has been obtained from patients. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and cephalometric radiographs were collected from 60 adult patients, divided into three groups based on ANB angle values: skeletal Class I (0° < ANB < 4°), II (ANB > 4°), and III (ANB < 0°), with 20 cases in each group. Dental and skeletal parameters were measured using Dolphin software. Mimics software was used for 3D reconstruction of the tongue, oral cavity, and upper airway to measure tongue position, tongue volume, oral cavity volume, and upper airway volume, followed by statistical analysis. Results: The skeletal Class III group had significantly larger tongue and oral cavity volumes than the skeletal Class I and Class II groups (P = 0.02). Tongue length in the skeletal Class III group was also greater than in the skeletal Class I and Class II groups (P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the ratio of tongue volume/oral cavity capacity among the three skeletal malocclusion groups (P > 0.05). Tongue volume was positively correlated with U1-SN and negatively correlated with overbite and overjet (P < 0.05). Additionally, tongue volume showed a significant positive correlation with Go-Gn and Pg-Np (P < 0.01), as well as with maxillary and mandibular dental arch width and basal bone arch width (P < 0.01). Upper airway volume was positively correlated with TT-VRL and TP-VRL (P < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion have larger tongue volumes and longer tongues. Patients with larger tongue volumes may also have larger, more forward-positioned mandibles. Patients with more posterior tongue positions may have smaller upper airway volumes. When developing orthodontic or orthognathic treatment plans, it is crucial to consider the relationship between tongue position, tongue volume, the jaws, and the airway to ensure optimal outcomes for both dental and orofacial function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） co-cultured with bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages （M2-BMDMs）， named as BMSC^M2， on a rat model of liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCl₄）/2-acetaminofluorene （2-AAF）. MethodsRat BMDMs were isolated and polarized into M2 phenotype， and rat BMSCs were isolated and co-cultured with M2-BMDMs at the third generation to obtain BMSC^M2. The rats were given subcutaneous injection of CCl₄ for 6 weeks to establish a model of liver cirrhosis， and then they were randomly divided into model group （M group）， BMSC group， and BMSC^M2 group， with 6 rats in each group. A normal group （N group） with 6 rats was also established. Since week 7， the model rats were given 2-AAF by gavage in addition to the subcutaneous injection of CCl₄. Samples were collected at the end of week 10 to observe liver function， liver histopathology， and hydroxyproline （Hyp） content in liver tissue， as well as changes in the markers for hepatic stellate cells， hepatic progenitor cells， cholangiocytes， and hepatocytes. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the N group， the M group had significant increases in the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） （P<0.01）； compared with the M group， the BMSC and BMSC^M2 groups had significant reductions in ALT and AST （P<0.01）， and the BMSC^M2 group had significantly better activities than the BMSC group （P<0.05）. Compared with the N group， the M group had significant increases in Hyp content and the mRNA and protein expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） in the liver （P<0.01）； compared with the M group， the BMSC and BMSC^M2 groups had significant reductions in Hyp content and the expression of α-SMA （P<0.05）， and the BMSC^M2 group had a significantly lower level of α-SMA than the BMSC group （P<0.01）. Compared with the N group， the M group had significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of the hepatic progenitor cell markers EpCam and Sox9 and the cholangiocyte markers CK7 and CK19 （P<0.01） and significant reductions in the expression levels of the hepatocyte markers HNF-4α and Alb （P<0.01）； compared with the M group， the BMSC and BMSC^M2 groups had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of EpCam， Sox9， CK7， and CK19 （P<0.05） and significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of HNF-4α and Alb （P<0.05）， and compared with the BMSC group， the BMSC^M2 group had significant reductions in the mRNA expression levels of EpCam and CK19 （P<0.05） and significant increase in the expression level of HNF-4α （P<0.05）. ConclusionM2-BMDMs can enhance the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on CCl₄/2-AAF-induced liver cirrhosis in rats， which provides new ideas for further improving the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on liver cirrhosis.

Morita therapy has been bom for more than 100 years.Inpatient Morita therapy is highly oper-able and easy to master.It can improve many refractory neuroses through four-stage treatment.But more neuroses are treated in outpatient clinics,and Morita therapy cannot be used in hospitalized patients.Therefore,the formula-tion of expert opinions on outpatient operations is particularly important.This paper is based on domestic and for-eign references,and after many discussions by domestic Morita therapy experts,and then drew up the first version of the expert opinions on operation of outpatient Morita therapy.Meanwhile the operation rule of Morita therapy in three stages of outpatient treatment was formulated:in the etiological analysis stage,under the theoretical guidance of Morita therapy,analyze the pathogenic factors,to improve treatment compliance and reduce resistance;during the operating stage,guide patients to engage in constructive and meaningful actions,realizing the achievement of letting nature take its course principle;in the cultivating character and enriching life stage,pay attention to positive infor-mation,expanding the scope and content of actions,improving the ability to adapt to complex life,and preventing recurrence caused by insufficient abilities.It will lay a foundation for the promotion of Morita therapy in domestic outpatient clinics,so that more patients with neurosis and other psychological diseases could receive characteristic Morita therapy treatment in outpatient clinics.

As one of the key enzymes in cell metabolism, the activity of citrate synthase 3 (CS3) regulates the substance and energy metabolism of organisms. The protein members of CS3 family were identified from the whole genome of apple, and bioinformatics analysis was performed and expression patterns were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for studying the potential function of CS3 gene in apple. BLASTp was used to identify members of the apple CS3 family based on the GDR database, and the basic information of CS3 protein sequence, subcellular localization, domain composition, phylogenetic relationship and chromosome localization were analyzed by Pfam, SMART, MEGA5.0, clustalx.exe, ExPASy Proteomics Server, MEGAX, SOPMA, MEME, WoLF PSORT and other software. The tissue expression and inducible expression characteristics of 6 CS3 genes in apple were determined by acid content and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Apple CS3 gene family contains 6 members, and these CS3 proteins contain 473-608 amino acid residues, with isoelectric point distribution between 7.21 and 8.82. Subcellular localization results showed that CS3 protein was located in mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis divided them into 3 categories, and the number of genes in each subfamily was 2. Chromosome localization analysis showed that CS3 gene was distributed on different chromosomes of apple. The secondary structure of protein is mainly α-helix, followed by random curling, and the proportion of β-angle is the smallest. The 6 members were all expressed in different apple tissues. The overall expression trend from high to low was the highest relative expression content of MdCS3.4, followed by MdCS3.6, and the relative expression level of other members was in the order of MdCS3.3 > MdCS3.2 > MdCS3.1 > MdCS3.5. qRT-PCR results showed that MdCS3.1 and MdCS3.3 genes had the highest relative expression in the pulp of 'Chengji No. 1' with low acid content, and MdCS3.2 and MdCS3.3 genes in the pulp of 'Asda' with higher acid content had the highest relative expression. Therefore, in this study, the relative expression of CS3 gene in apple cultivars with different acid content in different apple varieties was detected, and its role in apple fruit acid synthesis was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the relative expression of CS3 gene in different apple varieties was different, which provided a reference for the subsequent study of the quality formation mechanism of apple.
Citric Acid ; Malus/genetics* ; Citrate (si)-Synthase ; Phylogeny ; Citrates

Objective To investigated the effect of tripterygium glycosides(TG)on dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colonic mucosal damage in ulcerative colitis(UC)mice and its regulatory mechanism.Methods Forty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,and a tretinoin low,medium,and high dose group(administered at concentrations of 9.00mg/kg,27.03mg/kg,and 81.09mg/kg,respectively).The mice in the normal group were free to drink distilled water,and the rest of the mice drank 5％DSS to induce UC modeling.After modeling,mice in the model group were given 0.4ml of saline by gavage daily,and the rest of the mice in the treatment group were given the corresponding dose of TG for gavage intervention.The mass and disease activity index of the mice in each group were compared,and the pathological and histological damage of the colon was observed.Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),malondialdehyde(MDA),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels were measured using the corresponding kits.Western blot Detection of Nur77,tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2(Traf2),nucleoporin 62(P62),autophagy protein-microtubule associated protein1 light chain 3(LC3)molecular expression.Results Compared with the blank group,the body weight,colon length,SOD,Nur77,Traf2,and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ levels of mice in the model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the DAI level,colon pathology score,TNF-α,MDA level,and P62 of the mice were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with mice in the UC model group,mice in the low,medium and high dose groups of tretinoin polyphenols showed significant increases in body weight,colon length,SOD,Nur77,Traf2,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰlevels(P<0.05),and mice with DAI scores,TNF-α,MDA levels in the colon,and P62 levels were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Mice in the medium and high dose groups of tretinoin polyphenols pathological scores were significantly reduced(P<0.05).Conclusion TG is able to treat ulcerative colitis through Nur77-Traf2-P62 signaling pathway.

Video-based intelligent action recognition remains challenging in the field of computer vision.The review analyzes the state-of-the-art methods of video-based intelligent action recognition,including machine learning methods with handcrafted features,deep learning methods with automatically extracted features,and multi-information fusion methods.In addition,the important medical applications and limitations of these technologies in the past decade are introduced,and the interdisciplinary views on the future application to improve human health are also shared.

Photon Counting Detector(PCD)is a device used to detect X-ray photons,which can directly convert the energy of photons into electrical signals to achieve photon counting and measurement.PCD-based energy spectrum computed tomography(PCD-CT)technology can provide additional energy spectral imaging information,and improve imaging quality while reducing radiation dose.Compared with energy integrating detectors(EID),PCD has advantages of high energy conversion efficiency,good imaging quality,exquisite structural design,and wide application range.It has broad application prospects in ultra-low-dose CT,specific disease diagnosis,and industrial inspection.The application of PCD-CT in spectral CT imaging was reviewed to provide a useful reference for its application in clinical medical diagnosis and industrial applications.

Objective To explore the effect of a mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory on subthreshold depression in breast cancer patients.Methods By convenience sampling method,74 patients with breast cancer subthreshold depression who received chemotherapy in the breast department of a tertiary hospital in Guangxi from July 2021 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects.According to the order of admission time,the patients admitted from February 2022 to August 2022 were taken as an experimental group,and the patients admitted from July 2021 to January 2022 were taken as a control group,with 37 cases in each group.On the basis of routine nursing,the experimental group implemented a mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory.The control group received routine nursing,with every 21 days for 1 cycle and a total of 4 cycles of intervention.Before and after the intervention,the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17),Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale(BPNS)and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast(FACT-B)were used to evaluate the intervention effect.Results 34 patients in the experimental group and 36 patients in the control group completed the study.After intervention,the CES-D score and HAMD-17 score of the 2 groups were lower than those before intervention(P＜0.05);the CES-D score and HAMD-17 score of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=7.748,P＜0.001;t=8.150,P＜0.001).The BPNS scores of the 2 groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the BPNS score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=-6.534,P＜0.001).The scores of FACT-B in the 2 groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the scores of FACT-B in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=-4.579,P＜0.001).Conclusion The mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory can improve the subthreshold depression,self-determination and quality of life of breast cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE To develop a standard of hierarchical management for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） from the perspective of pharmacists. METHODS The triangle hierarchical management model was used as the framework. Through literature research， the indicators of the hierarchical management standard for COPD patients were preliminarily compiled. A questionnaire was designed and administered to 18 experts， and Delphi method was conducted in two rounds to determine the contents of the standard. RESULTS The response rates for both rounds of expert consultation were 100%， with both authority coefficients of experts of 0.903 and Kendall coordination coefficiens of 0.279 and 0.189 for each indicator. The final established standard of hierarchical management for COPD patients included 25 stratified indicators and 17 pharmaceutical hierarchical management indicators. There were 9， 8 and 8 indicators in the high-risk， medium-risk， and stable layers， respectively， considering three aspects： disease， medication， and self-management level. The corresponding first-level， second- level， and third-level pharmaceutical management included 6， 6 and 5 indicators， respectively， including inhalation technical guidance， medication adherence guidance， treatment monitoring， and follow-up， etc. CONCLUSIONS The standard of hierarchical management for COPD patients established by Delphi method is scientific and reliable， which can provide a reference for pharmacists to carry out hierarchical management of COPD patients in China.

Objective To analyze the expression level of ATP5A1 in gastric carcinoma and its influence on the prognosis of the patients and glucose metabolism in the tumor cells.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 115 patients undergoing radical resection of gastric carcinoma in our hospital from February,2013 to November,2016.ATP5A1 expression in the surgical specimens were detected using immunohistochemistry,and the long-term prognosis of the patients with high(n=58)and low ATP5A1 expression(n=57)were analyzed.In gastric carcinoma MGC803 cells,the effects of lentivirus-mediated ATP5A1 knockdown or overexpression on glucose metabolism were investigated.We also observed the growth and glucose metabolism of xenografts derived from MGC803 cells with ATP5A1 knockdown or overexpression in nude mice.Results ATP5A1 was significantly overexpressed in gastric carcinoma tissues in close correlation with blood CEA and CA19-9 levels,pathological grade,T stage and N stage(P<0.05).ATP5A1 overexpression was an independent risk factor for a significantly lowered 5-year survival rate of patients with gastric carcinoma(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis demonstrated the predictive value of high ATP5A1 expression for the patients'prognosis(P<0.001).In MGC803 cells,ATP5A1 overexpression significantly up-regulated cellular glucose uptake and lactate production and increased the protein levels of HK2,PFK1,and LDHA(P<0.05),while ATP5A1 knockdown produced the opposite changes(P<0.05).In the tumor-bearing mice,overexpression of ATP5A1 increased glucose metabolism of the tumor cells and promoted tumor growth(P<0.05).Overexpression of ATP5A1 promoted the expressions of p-JNK and p-JUN in MGC803 cells(P<0.05),and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly inhibited the enhancement of cellular glucose metabolism induced by ATP5A1 overexpression(P<0.05).Conclusion High ATP5A1 expression in gastric cancer is associated a poor long-term prognosis of the patients,and its effect is mediated at least partly by promoting glucose metabolism of the cells through the JNK/JUN pathway.