Patient-derived organoid is an emerging in vitro model in tumor research, highly preserving intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, monitoring patients’ response to drugs and other therapies, and guiding precision medicine choice for tumor treatment. This review described the application of patient-derived organoid in drug sensitivity test, cancer biomarkers, validation of new therapies in prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cancer, exhibiting the role of patient-derived organoid in clinical tumor research.

Patient-derived organoid is an emerging in vitro model in tumor research, highly preserving intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, monitoring patients’ response to drugs and other therapies, and guiding precision medicine choice for tumor treatment. This review described the application of patient-derived organoid in drug sensitivity test, cancer biomarkers, validation of new therapies in prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cancer, exhibiting the role of patient-derived organoid in clinical tumor research.