Objective To investigate the CT findings and its pathological basis of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs ). Methods The CT findings of 23 patients with GEP-NETs confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively and compared with the pathological results.Results The GEP-NETs were found on CT in 20 patients,including focal gastrointestinal wall thickening in 4,mass formation in 6,and both in 10.The tumor diameter ranged from 0.9 cm to 5.2 cm with a mean value of (2.6±0.6)cm. Plain CT showed homogenous isodensity in 15 lesions,little necrosis with low density in 4,and hemorrhage with high density in 1. The dynamic contrast-enhanced CT showed the tumors with obvious enhancement in 16 cases and mild enhancement in 4 in arterial phase.In addition,serosa invasion was found in 7,enlargement of mesentery lymph node in 7,and liver metastases in 2.The pathol-ogy showed the location of submucosa and invasion of the tumors.Most small tumors had intact gastrointestinal mucosa,and some large ones had surface or infiltrated ulcer.Conclusion Some specific CT findings of GEP-NETs depend on its pathological character-istics.CT plays an important role in assessment of invasion extent and metastasis of the tumor.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the texture analysis derived from conventional MR imaging in differentiating glioblastomas from solitary brain metastases. Methods Thirty-four patients with pathological diagnoses of glioblastomas and 34 patients with pathological diagnoses of solitary brain metastases were enrolled in our study. All patients underwent conventional MR imaging including axial T1WI, T2WI, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and contrast-enhanced T1WI before surgery. Texture features were calculated from manually drawn ROIs by using MaZda software. The feature selection methods included mutual information (MI), Fishers coefficient, classification error probability combined with average correlation coefficients (POE+ACC) and the combination of the above three methods. These methods were used to identify the most significant texture features in discriminating glioblastomas from metastases. Then the statistical methods including raw data analysis (RDA), principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and nonlinear discriminant analysis (NDA) were used to distinguish glioblastomas from metastases. The results were shown by misclassification rate. Meanwhile, two senior radiologists (who had 5 and 9 years of experience in neuroimaging diagnosis, respectively) analysed the data of the 68 patients. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the results between the radiologists' analysis and the texture analysis. Results In the four kinds of sequences, the texture features for differentiating glioblastomas from solitary brain metastases were mainly from T2WI which had the lowest misclassification rate, 8.82% (6/68). The misclassification rates of the feature selection methods were similar in MI, Fisher's coefficient and POE + ACC (10.29%-27.94% for MI;11.76%-44.12% for Fisher's coefficientand 8.82%-38.24% for POE+ACC). However, the misclassification rate of the combination of the three methods (8.82%-33.83% for FPM) was lower than that of any other kind of method. In the statistical methods, NDA (8.82%-11.76% ) had lower misclassification rate than RDA (26.47%-39.71% ), PCA (27.94%-39.71%) and LDA (13.24%-44.12%). Misclassification rate of the radiologists' analysis 14.71%(10/68) was higher than that of the texture analysis, but there was no statistically difference between them (χ2= 10.993, P=0.287). Conclusion Texture analysis of conventional MR imaging can provide reliably objective basis for differentiating glioblastoma from solitary brain metastasis.

Objective To explore a novel long-circulating dual-receptor targeting and dual-modal molecular probe and investigate its physicochemical properties and targeting effect on breast cancer cells in vitro. Methods Dual-receptor targeting and dual-modal molecular probe RGD@BBN-lipo(QDs)-SPIO was synthesized in the following steps: long-circulating liposome was prepared by film dispersion method;water-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and Quantum dots (QDs) were loaded in the hydrophilic and hydrophobic layer of liposome, respectively;RGD and BBN polypeptides were coupled on the former functional magnetic/fluorescent liposomes. Stability of the probe in different physiological solutions was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer were used to measure nanoparticle sizes and the Zeta potential. Characterization of RGD and BBN was investigated through 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The MRI T2 relaxivities (1/T2) of RGD@BBN-lipo(QDs)-SPIO was measured through T2 map scanning on 3.0 T MR system. HUV-EC-C cells were used for assessment of cells viability by MTS assay. Prussian blue staining and fluorescence imaging were carried out to determine the targeted breast cellular uptake of RGD@BBN-lipo(QDs)-SPIO nanoparticles. Results The targeting magnetic/fluorescent dual-model molecular probes appeared spherical or para-spherical,with a mean diameter of(118.2±3.9)nm,Zeta potential of (-24.78±1.68) mV,MR T2 magnetic relaxation rate of 0.498 1× 106 M-1 · s-1.RGD and BBN polypeptides were successfully coupled on the former functionally magnetic/fluorescent liposomes with the bind rates of 33.05%and 45.06%, respectively. There was low cytotoxity of the molecular probe on human umbilical vein endothelical cells(HUV-EC-C)by MTS study. Prussian blue staining and fluorescence imaging studies showed that the RGD@BBN-lipo(QDs)-SPIO nanoparticles could target any αvβ3 or gastrin releasing peptide receptor overexpression breast cancer. Conclusions RGD@BBN-lipo(QDs)-SPIO is a novel long-circulating dual-receptor targeting and dual-modal molecular probe and has excellent physicochemical properties and stability, high T2 relaxivities and strong targeting effect on cancer cells and has laid a solid foundation for early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Objective:To detect the expression levels of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) in peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to study their biological and clinical significance.Methods:The expression of Tim-3 in the CD3-CD56 + NK cells was examined in 72 patients with OSCC and 40 heathy controls (HC) by flow cytometry.The correlation of Tim-3 expression in NK cells with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.Results:The proportion of CD3-CD56 + NK cells was significantly decreased in OSCC patients as compared with HC [(9.30 ± 2.52)％ vs (17.36 ± 3.15)％,P ＜ 0.001].The percentage of Tim-3 + CD3-CD56 + NK cells in OSCC patients was higher than that in HC [(14.35 ± 6.35) ％ vs (1.78 ± 0.86) ％,P ＜ 0.001].High percentage of Tim-3 + CD3-CD56 + NK cells was associated with cell differentiation,lymphatic metastasis and pathological stage of OSCC (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:Lower proportion of NK cells and higher level of Tim-3 in peripheral blood NK cells may play a role in the development of OSCC.

Industrial microorganisms are subject to various stress conditions, including products and substrates inhibitions. Therefore, improvement of stress tolerance is of great importance for industrial microbial production. Acetic acid is one of the major inhibitors in the cellulosic hydrolysates, which affects seriously on cell growth and metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive response and tolerance of acetic acid of S. cerevisiae benefit breeding of robust strains of industrial yeast for more efficient production. In recent years, more insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying acetic acid tolerance have been revealed through analysis of global gene expression and metabolomics analysis, as well as phenomics analysis by single gene deletion libraries. Novel genes related to response to acetic acid and improvement of acetic acid tolerance have been identified, and novel strains with improved acetic acid tolerance were constructed by modifying key genes. Metal ions including potassium and zinc play important roles in acetic acid tolerance in S. cerevisiae, and the effect of zinc was first discovered in our previous studies on flocculating yeast. Genes involved in cell wall remodeling, membrane transport, energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and transport, as well as global transcription regulation were discussed. Exploration and modification of the molecular mechanisms of yeast acetic acid tolerance will be done further on levels such as post-translational modifications and synthetic biology and engineering; and the knowledge obtained will pave the way for breeding robust strains for more efficient bioconversion of cellulosic materials to produce biofuels and bio-based chemicals.
Acetic Acid ; pharmacology ; Genomics ; Industrial Microbiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; drug effects ; genetics

Objective To investigate the relationship of triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL C) ratio with coronary heart disease (CHD) and its severity.Methods 158 patients with CHD were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the selective coronary arteriography:the control group,single-vessel CHD group,double-vessel CHD group,multiple-vessel CHD group.The relationship between multiple risk factors and CHD was analyzed by stepwise multiple regression.The severity of coronary artery stenosis was analyzed by Gensini scoring system.Results TG/HDL-C ratio was elevated in patients with coronary artery stenosis as compared with the control group [(1.8±1.0) vs.(1.7±1.4),t=2.68,P＜0.05].TG/HDL-C ratio was elevated along with the severity of CHD.TG/HDL-C ratio was elevated in multiple-vessel C HD group as compared with the control group by ANOVA analysis (P＜0.05).Stepwise multiple regression showed that multiple-vessel CHD was positive related with total cholesterol (TC),LDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratio (β value:0.326,0.339,0.158,respectively,all P＜0.05).Conclusions TG/HDL C ratio is related with multiple vessel CHD,but it does not have more clinical significances than other indicators.

Objective To investigate the differential diagnostic features of subtypes of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI(DCE-MRI).Methods The MRI appearances of 77 RCCs, including 55 clear cell RCCs(CCRCC),14 papillary RCCs(PRCC) and 8 chromophobe RCCs(CRCC), were retrospectively analyzed and compared with findings of pathology. DCE-MRI was conducted in each case after intravenous administration of contrast agent. Region of interest measurements (cortical, nephrographic and delayed Phases) of signals within tumor and uninvolved renal cortex were used to calculate percentage signal intensity change and tumor-to-cortex enhancement index, and the data was analyzed by AVONA and t test. Results On unenhanced and enhanced MRI, most CRCCs showed homogeneous signal(7/8). CCRCC and PRCC often show inhomogenous signal with necrosis(36/55, 7/14). Hemorrhage and cystic degeneration were often found in PRCC (9/14). On the cortical, nephrographic and delayed phase images, CCRCCs showed greater signal intensity change[(296.15±60.27)%, (236.33±58.31)% and (216.83±46.72)%,respectively than PRCCs (79.70±18.84)%, (122.81±27.35)% and (117.55±20.63)%, respectively], and CRCCs showed intermediate change [(119.56±40.76)%, (163.06±33.91)% and (179.72±32.89)%, respectively].A phenomenon of quick staining and quick fainting was observed in CCRCCs. Both of CRCCs and PRCCs showed delayed enhancement. The tumor-to-cortex enhancement index at the cortical, nephrographic and delayed phases was highest for CCRCCs (1.26±0.34, 0.92±0.23 and 0.76±0.14, respectively), lowest for PRCCs (0.33±0.12, 0.41±0.23 and 0.35±0.11, respectively), and intermediate for CRCCs (0.54±0.10, 0.62±0.15 and 0.69±0.12, respectively,P＜0.01). The degree of enhancement was significantly different among the 3 subtypes at the every contrast enhanced phase (F=940.931, 124.515 and 38.194, P＜0.01), so was the tumor-to-cortex enhancement index(F=798.625,78.308 and 73.699, P＜0.01). There was a good consistency between MR appearances of the 3 RCC subtypes and pathological characteristics. Conclusion DCE-MRI could distinctly show imaging features of CCRCC, PRCC and CRCC, which were related to their pathological characteristics, and these features were helpful in predicting a specific subtype of RCC.

In the teaching reform of anatomy,department of human anatomy in Heze medical college put forward a new teaching means-Non-verbal communication teaching.The reasonable use of the paralanguage,gesture,posture,eye contact,facial expressions can optimize the teaching of anatomy and achieve good teaching effect.

Objective To investigate the imaging characteristic of DWI in rabbit models of hepatic VX2 tumors after three-dimensional stereotactic conformal radiation therapy, and the characteristics of apoptosis after radiotherapy. Methods Sixty hepatic VX2 tumor models were successfully created. After the tumor grew to more than 1 cm in diameter, 40 tumor models were treated with SCRT and then divided into four groups using random number table. The remaining 20 tumor models were used as controls and randomly assigned to each group. MR scanning were performed at different time points ( 1 st day, 5 th day, 10 th day, 15 th day) for each group respectively. ROIs of the VX2 tumor tissues and normal liver tissue were taken and ADC values were measured to calculate their ratios. Cell apoptesis were determined by using TUNEL method. ADC values with their ratios and the apoptotic index were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and SNK test was used for comparison among different time points of groups, while two sample t test was used for comparison between the groups. Results On the 1 st day, 5 th day, 10 th day, and the 15 th day, the ADC ratios of the radiotherapy groups were 0.74 ±0. 15(n =8), 1.04 ±0.09(n =7), 1.43 ±0. 12 (n = 7 ), 1.25 ± 0. 23 (n = 8 ) (F = 24. 221, P ＜ 0. 01 ), the corresponding ADC ratios of control groups were 0. 78 ±0.07(n =5), 0.79 ±0.07(n=4), 0.83 ±0. 14(n =4), 0.97 ±0. 19(n =4). The ratios of ADC values for radiotherapy groups and control group were compared, and the t value was 0. 569 ( P ＞0.05), 4.417(P＜0.05), 7.259(P ＜0.01), 1.957(P＞0.05) respectively for each time point. On the 1 st day, 5 th day, 10 th day, 15 th day, the apoptotic index of the radiotherapy groups were 0. 39 ±0. 13(n=8), 0.29 ±0.08(n=7), 0.28 ±0.07(n=7), 0.58 ±0. 19(n=8,F=8. 128,P＜0.05), while the corresponding apoptotic index of control groups were 0. 26 ±0. 13(n =5), 0. 18 ±0. 03(n =4), 0. 16 ±0. 06(n =4), 0. 18 ±0. 08(n =4,F= 1. 006,P ＞0. 05). The apoptotic index value for radiotherapy groups and control group were compared, with t value of 1. 716 ( P ＞ 0.05 ), 2. 348 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), 2. 386 ( P ＜0. 05 ), 3. 756( P ＜0.01 ) respectively. Conclusion DWI ADC values can reflect the dynamic changes of cell apoptosis in hepatic VX2 tumors after radiotherapy at different time points.

Objective To observe imaging characteristics and changes of vivo two-dimension multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (~1H-MRS) in the rabbit models of VX2 hepatic carcinoma after high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment. Methods VX2 hepatic carcinoma models were established in 20 New Zealand rabbits. Routine MR and 2-dimentional ~1H-MRS scanning were performed before and after HIFU treatment. The central regions of interest (ROI) of the VX2 tumor, tumor border and paratumor normal liver tissues were selected. The Cho/Cr and Lip/Cr of the same ROI before and after HIFU treatment were compared. Results Total 28 satisfied spectrogram diagram of ~1H-MRS were brought into statistical analysis. Of all the spectra, 6 metabolite peaks were detected as lipids (Lip), glutamine and glutamate complex (Glx), choline (Cho), lactate (Lac) and creatine (Cr). Cho and Lac peak in tumor center and tumor border regions after HIFU treatment were higher than those before HIFU treatment. Lip peak was lower than before, and major metabolites of paratumor normal liver tissues did not changed significantly. Statistical differences of Cho/Cr and Lipid/Cr of tumor center and border region were found between before and after HIFU treatment (P＜0.05). Conclusion Two-dimension multi-voxel ~1H-MRS can reflect major changes in the level of metabolites of different ROI for hepatic VX2 carcinoma after HIFU treatment.