Objective Objective To analyze the potential spatial factors affecting the genetic differentiation of Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni in Yunnan Province. Methods A total of 13 administrative villages were selected from schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province as O. hupensis snail sampling sites. At least 200 snails were collected in each site, and the spatial variable data of each site were recorded, including longitude, latitude and altitude. Thirty active and Schistosoma japonicum uninfected O. hupensis snails were selected from each sampling site by means of the crawling method and the cercarial shedding method. Genomic DNA was extracted from O. hupensis snails. Following PCR amplification, purification of PCR amplification products and sequencing, the gene sequences of O. hupensis snail samples were spliced and edited using the DNAstar software and the NCBI database to yield the complete mitochondrial sequences of O. hupensis snails at each sampling site, and the mitochondrial genetic distance matrix of O. hupensis robertsoni was calculated at each sampling site. The geographical coordinates of each sampling site were marked using the software ArcGIS 10.2, and the straight-line geographical distance between each sampling site was calculated. The altitude difference, longitude difference and latitude difference between each sampling site were calculated using the Excel software, and the correlation between the mitochondrial genetic distance matrix of O. hupensis robertsoni and each spatial variable matrix was examined by using the Mantel test at 13 sampling sites in Yunnan Province. Results Among the 13 O. hupensis snail sampling sites in Yunnan Province, the largest mitochondrial genetic distance of O. hupensis robertsoni snail populations was seen between Anding Village, Nanjian Yi Autonomous County and Caizhuang Village, Midu County (26.244 2), and the largest geographical distance was seen between Dongyuan Village, Gucheng District and Cangling Village, Chuxiong County (272.64 km). The highest altitude difference was seen between Anding Village, Nanjian Yi Autonomous County and Dongyuan Village, Gucheng District (1 086.10 m), and the largest longitude difference was found between Qiandian Village, Eryuan County and Cangling Village, Chuxiong County (1.86°), while the largest latitude difference was measured between Leqiu Village, Nanjian Yi Autonomous County and Dongyuan Village, Gucheng District (1.81°). In addition, the mitochondrial genetic distance of O. hupensis robertsoni snail populations was positively correlated with altitude at 13 snail sampling sites in Yunnan Province (r = 0.542 8, P < 0.001), and showed no significant correlations with geographical distance (r = 0.093 4, P > 0.05), longitude (r = −0.199 5, P > 0.05) or latitude (r = 0.205 7, P > 0.05). Conclusion Altitude may be a potential spatial factor affecting the genetic differentiation of O. hupensis robertsoni in Yunnan Province.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of clinical isolates of carbapen-em-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam(CZA).METHODS From Jan.2022 to Dec.2023,totally 63 strains of non-repetitive CZA-resistant CRKP that were isolated for the first time from hospitalized patients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were enrolled in the study,and 50 strains of CZA-sensitive CRKP were randomly chosen as the research subjects.The drug susceptibility rates of the strains were observed.The drug resistance genes,virulence genes and capsular serotypes of the strains were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The molecular epidemiological characteristics of the strains were observed by using molecular biological techniques such as pulse field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)and multilocus sequence typing(MLST).RESULTS Among the CZA-resistant CRKP strains,45(71.43％)were iso-lated from sputum.The result of drug susceptibility testing showed that the drug resistance rates of the CZA-re-sistant strains to amikacin,aztreonam and minocycline were lower than those of the CZA-sensitive strains(P＜0.05),and the drug resistance rates of the CZA-resistant strains to tigecycline was higher than that of the CAZ-sensitive strains(P＜0.05).The carrying rates of blaKPC,blaNDM,blaSHV-1,blaTEM-1,blaCTX-M,blaqnrS,blaacc(6')-Ib and blarmtB genes of the CZA-resistant strains were relatively high.Among the detected capsular serotypes,K64(n=18,28.57％)was dominant.ST11(n=25,39.68％)was predominant strain among the CZA-resistant CRKP strains.CONCLUSIONS ST11 is dominant among the CZA-resistant CRKP strains.The strains carry with multiple drug resistance genes and virulence genes.The drug resistance rate of the CZA-resistant strains to tigecycline is higher than that of the CZA-sensitive strains,and it is necessary to attach great importance during the clinical treatment.

To establish an immunochromatographic method for rapid detection of caprine enterovir-us(CEV),the monoclonal antibody against CEV VP1 protein was used as gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies,and the purified rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody of CEV-VP1 and sheep anti-mouse IgG were used as the detection line and quality control line,respectively.The colloidal gold immu-nochromatographic test strips for CEV were prepared according to the principle of double antibody sandwich,evaluated,and applied for clinical specimen detection.The results showed that the meth-od specifically recognized CEV without cross-reaction with bovine enterovirus and bovine viral di-arrhea virus.The minimum detection limit of the method was 102.49 TCID50/mL and had good re-producibility.The prepared test strips had a shelf life of three months kept at 4 ℃.Detection of clin-ical samples using the immunochromatographic test strips showed 100％coincidence rate with RT-PCR method.In conclusion,the colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips for detection of the emerging CEV with good specificity,sensitivity and repeatability,which provides a new techni-cal means easily used for the rapid detection/diagnosis and epidemiological investigation on CEV infection.

Based on the theory of the liver's"using bitter herbs to nourish or purge"from Huangdi Neijing,this paper systematically elucidates the theoretical foundation for treating functional constipation from liver.Focusing on the physiological characteristic of"liver desires to disperse"and the pathological manifestation of"liver bitterness and urgency,"combined with the"liver communicates with the large intestine"theory,this paper establishes a diagnostic and therapeutic framework for managing functional constipation by regulating liver function.The pathological evolution of functional constipation manifests in three distinct stages:in the early stage,liver qi stagnation leads to large intestine qi obstruction,where damaged by an excess of seven emotions resulting in symptoms such as difficult defecation,abdominal bloating,and hypochondriac pain;in the middle stage,liver depression transforms into fire,scorching bodily fluids to generate dryness,thereby creating a pathological interplay of stagnation,fire,and dryness,which is marked by anal heat,dry mouth,and yellow urine;in the late stage,yin deficiency in liver and kidney causes large intestine malnutrition,resulting in a complex pathological state where yin deficiency,collateral blockage,dryness accumulation,and blood stasis intertwine,clinically manifesting as pellet-like stools(resembling sheep feces)and soreness and weakness of the waist and knees.In treatment,the formula design follows the principle of"sweetness to relieve,acridity to tonify,and sourness to purge,"with treatment principles varying across stages.In the early stage,the focus is on dispersing liver and regulating qi,and unblocking the zang-fu viscera;in the middle stage,the priority shifts to clearing heat-fire,nourishing large intestine,and promoting fluid production;whereas,in the late stage,the emphasis lies on nourishing yin,unblocking collaterals,and promoting blood circulation.This staged treatment of functional constipation overcomes the limitations of solely focusing on nourishing large intestine and facilitating feces excretion,thereby advancing the treatment of different stages based on syndrome differentiation and personalized treatment.It provides theoretical support for improving patients' intestinal function and enhancing overall health outcomes.

AIM:This study aims to investigate the sensitizing effects of lycorine(Lyc)in combination with cisplatin(Cis)on human osteosarcoma cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms of action.METHODS:Human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63,HOS,and cisplatin-resistant HOS/DDP cells were utilized to evaluate the effects of Lyc and cisplatin,both alone and in combination,on cell viability using the CCK8 assay.The clonogenic assay was performed to assess cell proliferation capacity,while the scratch assay evaluated the drugs' effects on cell migration.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were measured using a ROS assay kit,and changes in intracellular glutathione(GSH)levels were assessed with a GSH/oxidized glutathione(GSSG)assay kit.The mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed via JC-1 staining to determine the drugs' effects on mitochondrial function.Intracellular iron(Ⅱ)content changes were detected us-ing FerrOrange,a fluorescence probe,and cellular malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were measured using an MDA assay kit.RT-qPCR was employed to evaluate the expression levels of key genes related to ferroptosis,and Western blot analysis was conducted to detect changes in the protein expression levels of Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1),acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4),glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),and transferrin re-ceptor(TFRC).RESULTS:Both Lyc and cisplatin effectively inhibited the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells.Notably,the combination of Lyc and cisplatin led to a more substantial reduction in cell viability,proliferation,and migra-tion abilities in MG63,HOS,and HOS/DDP cells compared to cisplatin alone.Additionally,this combination significant-ly increased ROS levels while decreasing GSH content,indicating mitochondrial damage and elevated iron(Ⅱ)and MDA levels.RT-qPCR results revealed that the combination treatment more significantly downregulated ferroptosis-promoting genes and upregulated ferroptosis-inhibiting genes compared to cisplatin treatment alone(P<0.05).Western blot results showed a slight decrease in GPX4 protein expression following Lyc and cisplatin treatment,while expression levels of YAP1,TFRC,ACSL4,and HO-1 were significantly increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Lyc enhances the sensitivi-ty of MG63,HOS,and HOS/DDP cells to cisplatin by promoting ferroptosis through the YAP1/TFRC signaling pathway.

Objective To establish a prediction model for futile recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy(MT)in acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion(ACLVO)stroke patients based on multimodal imaging features,and to evaluate its predictive performance.Methods Retrospectively enrolled consecutive ACLVO patients who underwent MT with successful recanalization(modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction[mTICI]grade≥2b)at the Department of Neurology of Fuyang People's Hospital between June 2023 and December 2024.Demographic and clinical data were collected,including age,gender,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,atrial fibrillation,smoking history,alcohol consumption history,National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score upon admission,intravenous thrombolysis,wake-up stroke,onset-to-puncture time(OPT),puncture-to-recanalization time(PRT),occlusion vessel(internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery),treatment method(suction thrombectomy,stent thrombectomy,suction+stent thrombectomy).All patients underwent pre-procedural CT perfusion(CTP)+CT angiography(CTA)of the head and neck.Imaging parameters included hypoperfusion(defined as time to peak＞6 s)volume(HPV),core infarct(defined as cerebral blood flow＜30%)volume(CIV),mismatch ratio(MMR;HPV/CIV),and Tan collateral score(poor collaterals:0-1 score,good collaterals:2-3 score).Patients were followed up at 90 days post-procedure via outpatient clinic or re-admission.Patients with a modified Rankin scale(mRS)score≤2 were classified into the effective recanalization group,while those with mRS score≥3 were classified into the futile recanalization group.Imaging variables with statistically significant differences between the futile recanalization and effective recanalization groups were included in multivariate Logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of futile recanalization and construct a nomogram model.The predictive value of the model was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Model calibration was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test(goodness-of-fit defined as P＞0.50).Results(1)A total of 105 ACLVO patients with successful MT recanalization were included(65 males,40 females,mean age[66±11]years,ranged 31～87 years).There were 60 patients in the effective recanalization group and 45 in the futile recanalization group.Compared to the effective recanalization group,the futile recanalization group had significantly higher age([69±11]years vs.[63±11]years,P=0.012),higher proportion of diabetes mellitus(33.33%[15/45]vs.16.67%[10/60],P=0.047),higher pre-treatment NIHSS score([15.51±2.73]vs.[13.25±2.71],P＜0.01),longer OPT([516.40±192.48]min vs.[322.98±171.22]min,P＜0.01)and PRT([94.96±17.37]min vs.[87.58±15.99]min,P=0.026),larger CIV([74.00±12.76]ml vs.[24.28±14.72]ml,P＜0.01)and HPV([121.43±22.21]ml vs.[91.62±11.34]ml,P＜0.01),smaller MMR([1.65±0.15]vs.[9.42±1.91],P＜0.01),higher 90-day mRS score([3.60±0.54]score vs.[1.22±0.83]score,P＜0.01),and a significantly different distribution of Tan collateral scores(P＜0.01).(2)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed with futile recanalization as the dependent variable,identified the following independent predictors of futile recanalization:HPV(OR,2.042,95%CI 1.296-3.218,P=0.002),CIV(OR,2.373,95%CI 1.315-4.280,P=0.004),MMR(OR,1.758,95%CI 1.135-2.721,P=0.011),and Tan collateral score(OR,5.166,95%CI 2.100-12.651,P＜0.01).(3)A nomogram prediction model for futile recanalization after MT in ACLVO stroke was constructed based on the four imaging parameters as aforementioned.ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve for this model in predicting futile recanalization after MT was 0.846(95%CI 0.739-0.912),with a sensitivity of 0.844 and a specificity of 0.817.The calibration curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated the goodness-of-fit was high(P=0.617),and the overall stability of the model was good.Conclusion The predictive model for futile recanalization after MT for acute ACLVO constructed base on HPV,CIV,MMR and Tan collateral score facilitates the identification patients with high-risk of futile recanalization.

Animal quarantine is essential for controlling the spread of animal diseases,ensuring the healthy development of the livestock industry,and safeguarding public health and food safety.This paper reviews and organizes the development history,achievements,and current dilemmas of China's animal quarantine.It proposes further policy reflections and suggestions from the aspects of man-agement concepts,system design,and specific implementation to adapt to the requirements of the new era.

Animal quarantine is essential for controlling the spread of animal diseases,ensuring the healthy development of the livestock industry,and safeguarding public health and food safety.This paper reviews and organizes the development history,achievements,and current dilemmas of China's animal quarantine.It proposes further policy reflections and suggestions from the aspects of man-agement concepts,system design,and specific implementation to adapt to the requirements of the new era.

Based on the theory of the liver's"using bitter herbs to nourish or purge"from Huangdi Neijing,this paper systematically elucidates the theoretical foundation for treating functional constipation from liver.Focusing on the physiological characteristic of"liver desires to disperse"and the pathological manifestation of"liver bitterness and urgency,"combined with the"liver communicates with the large intestine"theory,this paper establishes a diagnostic and therapeutic framework for managing functional constipation by regulating liver function.The pathological evolution of functional constipation manifests in three distinct stages:in the early stage,liver qi stagnation leads to large intestine qi obstruction,where damaged by an excess of seven emotions resulting in symptoms such as difficult defecation,abdominal bloating,and hypochondriac pain;in the middle stage,liver depression transforms into fire,scorching bodily fluids to generate dryness,thereby creating a pathological interplay of stagnation,fire,and dryness,which is marked by anal heat,dry mouth,and yellow urine;in the late stage,yin deficiency in liver and kidney causes large intestine malnutrition,resulting in a complex pathological state where yin deficiency,collateral blockage,dryness accumulation,and blood stasis intertwine,clinically manifesting as pellet-like stools(resembling sheep feces)and soreness and weakness of the waist and knees.In treatment,the formula design follows the principle of"sweetness to relieve,acridity to tonify,and sourness to purge,"with treatment principles varying across stages.In the early stage,the focus is on dispersing liver and regulating qi,and unblocking the zang-fu viscera;in the middle stage,the priority shifts to clearing heat-fire,nourishing large intestine,and promoting fluid production;whereas,in the late stage,the emphasis lies on nourishing yin,unblocking collaterals,and promoting blood circulation.This staged treatment of functional constipation overcomes the limitations of solely focusing on nourishing large intestine and facilitating feces excretion,thereby advancing the treatment of different stages based on syndrome differentiation and personalized treatment.It provides theoretical support for improving patients' intestinal function and enhancing overall health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE T o carry out the health economics evaluation and cost-benefit analysis of the type b Hae-mophilus influenzae(Hib)vaccination for the children who were hospitalized due to Hib infection so as to provide evidence for public health policies.METHODS The children who were diagnosed with Hib-related respiratory tract infections or meningitis and were hospitalized in respiratory medicine department,infection management depart-ment,emergency rooms and neurology department of Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital from Jan.1,2021 to Dec.31,2023 were recruited as the research subjects.Based on a 1∶1 matching condition,the matching variables included four items such as the same age for the admission to the hospital,same gender,same department and same grade of disease severity.The children for whom the primary immunization of Hib vaccination(including Hib monovalent vaccine and Hib-containing combination vaccine)were completed and the integrity of vaccination infor-mation could be checked out were assigned as the intervention group,while the children for whom the primary im-munization of Hib vaccination was not completed were chosen as the control group.The clinical data,vaccination data and the data such as length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost were collected from the children.The cost-benefit of the Hib vaccination among the children with Hib infection was observed.RESULTS A total of 622 hospi-talized children who were detected with Hib-positive respiratory tract infections or meningitis were enrolled in the study,and 73 children(20 children from infection management department,27 children from respiratory medi-cine department,26 children from emergency rooms)were finally included in the intervention group after matc-hing and multiple rounds of screening,73 children were chosen as the control group based on a 1∶1 matching con-dition.The male children accounted for 57.53％(42 cases)in both groups,and the female children accounted for 42.47％(31 cases)in both groups.With the respect to the length of hospital stay,it was 7.00(5.00,8.00)days in the intervention group,7.00(6.00,8.00)days in the control group(Z=-0.341,P=0.733).In terms of the hospitalization cost,it was 7 756.17(6 617.92,10 617.69)yuan in the intervention group,9 040.65(8 033.76,10 935.84)yuan in the control group(Z=-2.795,P=0.005).The cost of Hib vaccination was 343.03 yuan per capita in the intervention group,and the benefit-cost ratio(BCR)was 1∶3.74(343.03 yuan/1 284.48 yuan).CONCLUSIONS The Hib vaccination can save the hospitalization cost and has high cost effectiveness.It is sugges-ted that the Hib vaccination should be promoted and the coverage rate of Hib vaccination should be raised among the age-eligible children.