Objective: To assess the drinking water quality and its related factors in rural schools in Anhui Province from 2023 to 2025, so as to provide a basis for drinking water management of school. Methods: From July 2023 to December 2025, a total of 920 drinking water samples from rural schools were collected and tested in all 59 counties in Anhui Province by using stratified random sampling. The results were evaluated based on the Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Chi-square test, Chi-square trend test, and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: From 2023 to 2025,the compliance rates of drinking water quality in rural schools were 79.06%,84.10%,87.15% respectively,with an overall compliance rate of 84.24%. The water quality compliance rate showed an upward trend over the three years ( χ 2 trend =5.99, P <0.05). Conventional treatment was the predominant water supply mode (74.57%), and rural centralized projects accounted for most water supply facilities (83.70%). Univariate analysis indicated that water samples from surface water sources, large scale water plants, municipal water supply, rural centralized water supply projects, conventional treatment processes and plants with sanitary licenses had significantly higher compliance rates ( χ 2=94.52, 74.39, 253.69, 218.34, 113.34，all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for survey year, water supply mode( OR =4.98, 95% CI =2.55-9.75), sanitary license( OR =2.36, 95% CI =1.29-4.31), and water plant type( OR =3.78, 95% CI =2.04-7.03) were factors associated with the compliance rate of drinking water (all P <0.05). Conclusions Drinking water quality in rural schools across Anhui Province has improved, but the compliance rates of water samples from supplies with unconventional treatment, self supplied facilities, and supplies without health permits are relatively low. The water treatment of water plants should be improved, sanitation management should be strengthened, so as to ensure the safety of drinking water in schools.

Cancer is a major chronic disease that threatens human health, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique method for cancer prevention and treatment in China. After about 70 years of innovation and development, TCM has made constant progress in areas such as the clinical diagnosis, treatment, evidence-based researches, and mechanism exploration of cancer. It has special advantages in aspects such as reducing toxicity, enhancing treatment efficacy, managing symptoms, accelerating recovery, preventing recurrence and metastasis, and prolonging advanced-stage survival. However, there are still bottlenecks for TCM in cancer care. This paper cuts in the key links between TCM and western medicine in their combined application in cancer prevention and treatment, and take the original TCM theories on cancer as the lead, high-quality evidence-based researches as the drive, and analysis on the dynamic mechanism as the core, to show the advantages and effects of TCM in cancer treatment in an all-round way. It also aims to provide novel strategies for sustainable and innovative development and for formulation of comprehensive schemes that integrate TCM and western medicine for cancer prevention and treatment.

It is believed that the occurrence and development of squamous cell carcinoma （SCC） is closely associated with inflammatory responses. The theory of fire and heat， advocated by LIU Wansu， provides significant clinical guidance for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of SCC. Based on this theory， the pathological mechanisms and clinical characteristics of SCC at different stages were analyzed. In the precancerous and early stages， the primary pathogenesis is qi stagnation leading to internal generation of constrained heat； in post-surgery， the condition shifts to qi deficiency with latent yin fire； during the treatment phase， the pathogenesis involves accumulation of pathogenic factors， excess toxins， and severe heat toxicity； in the late stage， the main pathology is yin deficiency with toxic heat， and phlegm-stasis obstruction of the internal organs. Corresponding stage-based treatment strategies are proposed. In the early stage， regulating qi movement to dissipate constrained heat； for post-surgery， tonifying qi and raising yang to dispel latent fire； during treatment stage， clearing heat and detoxifying to eliminate cancerous toxins； and in the late stage， nourishing yin and unblocking the bowels to clear deficiency heat.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) presents with a diverse range of symptoms that can affect the skin, bones, eyes, central nervous system, and other organs. This article reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with NF1 complicated by bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous variant of NF1 NM_ 000267.3: c.4054_ 4058del(p.Ser1352LeufsTer20, supporting the diagnosis of NF1. After thorough evaluation, a right cochlear implantation was performed, yielding satisfactory postoperative results. This case suggests that NF1 patients may exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity and atypicality, providing a reference for clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.

Objective To analyze the urban drinking water quality and its influencing factors in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for water quality improvement and protection. Methods The data were collected, saved and monitored according to the Standard Test Method for Drinking Water (GB/T5750-2006) and evaluated according to the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water (GB 5749-2006). Results A total of 20 941 samples were collected, and the overall qualified rate was 84.26%. The qualified rate of urban drinking water increased from 76.9% in 2014 to 93.3% in 2022, and the qualified rate of water quality was on the rise (χ²=544.43, P＜0.01). From 2014 to 2022, the qualified rate of water quality in dry season was higher than that in wet season (χ²=35.98, P<0.001), the qualified rate of surface water was higher than that of ground water (χ²=4440.8, P<0.001), and the qualified rate of peripheral tap water was higher than that of factory water (χ²=145.1, P<0.001). Among all kinds of disinfection methods, chlorination disinfection had the highest qualified rate (χ²=1483.8, P<0.001). The qualified rate of water quality increased with the increase of the scale of water plant. Among the inspected indicators, the main unqualified indicators were chlorine dioxide (7.72%), fluoride (7.41%), free residual chlorine (3.90%), and total bacterial count (2.13%). Conclusion The passing rate of urban drinking water quality in Anhui Province is on an upward trend, and the quality of urban drinking water has improved. However, it is still important to pay attention to the problem of excessive microorganism and fluoride in water, and the quality of drinking water varies from place to place.

Cancer is a major chronic disease that threatens human health, while traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a unique method for cancer prevention and treatment in China. After about 70 years of innovation and development, TCM has made constant progress in areas such as the clinical diagnosis, treatment, evidence-based researches, and mechanism exploration of cancer. It has special advantages in aspects such as reducing toxicity, enhancing treatment efficacy, managing symptoms, accelerating recovery, preventing recurrence and metastasis, and prolonging advanced-stage survival. However, there are still bottlenecks for TCM in cancer care. This paper cuts in the key links between TCM and western medicine in their combined application in cancer prevention and treatment, and take the original TCM theories on cancer as the lead, high-quality evidence-based researches as the drive, and analysis on the dynamic mechanism as the core, to show the advantages and effects of TCM in cancer treatment in an all-round way. It also aims to provide novel strategies for sustainable and innovative development and for formulation of comprehensive schemes that integrate TCM and western medicine for cancer prevention and treatment.

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a major cause of severe lower respiratory disease and can infect all populations,posing a significant health threat to infants and the elderly.After more than 60 years of research,there are only 2 RSV vaccines and 2 preventive monoclonal antibodies be licensed,but the use of the population is severely limited,expensive and difficult to large-scale popularization.RSV vaccine development faces a number of obstacles,such as the lack of animal models,avoidance of RSV immunity,and short duration of immunity.Since the failure of formalin inactivated RSV vaccine trials,RSV vaccine development has become more cautious and difficult.This article briefly reviews the research status of RSV vaccines,and introduces several representative vaccines currently under development,in order to facilitate researchers to review the latest progress and contribute to promoting vaccine research.

Objective To investigate the current situation and health effects of indoor microbial pollution in Xi'an, to analyze the purification effect of air purifiers on indoor microbial pollution, and to provide reference for improving the indoor environment. Methods Through stratified random sampling, 20 families from rural areas and 20 families from upwind and downwind urban areas respectively were selected from Xi'an. Data was collected by questionnaire surveys and on-site environmental sampling. Non-parametric analysis and correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results Overall, the standard-exceeding rate of total count of bacteria was 5.00%. The medians of the total count of bacteria and fungi were 312.50 cfu/m3 and 260.00 cfu/m³, respectively. In terms of health effects, the correlation between rhinitis and cold with total bacterial count was statistically significant (P<0.05), with the correlation coefficients of 0.182 and 0.223, respectively. Purification effect of air purifiers on microbial pollution was statistically significant (P<0.05). After opening for 2 hours, the total numbers of bacteria and fungi decreased significantly. Conclusion The occurrence risk of colds and rhinitis is increased by indoor microbial pollution. Air purifiers have a certain effect on decreasing the total number of bacteria and fungi. It is recommended to use air purifiers with high CADR of particulate matter, double-layer filter and sterilization and dehumidification function, and replace the filters regularly to reduce indoor microbiological contamination.

Objective:To discuss the effect of long-term use of chlorhexidine on the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis),and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:The standard strain of E.faecalis was repeatedly exposed to chlorhexidine for 10 generations,and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was recorded at each passage.The bacteria collected from the 10th generation with increased MIC values were designated as the E.faecalis chlorhexidine-resistant strains(E.faecalis-Cs).The growth curves of two strains were drawn;the morphology of two strains were observed by transmission electron microscope;the number of biofilm formation of two strains was detected by crystal violet staining;the bacterial hydrophobicities of two strains were detected by microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons(MATH)method;the expression levels of S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase(LuxS)mRNA in the bacterial biofilms of two strains were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method.Results:From the 0th to the 10th generation,the MIC values of E.faecalis were gradually increased.The growth curves of E.faecalis and E.faecalis-Cs showed no significant differences.The transmission electron microscope observation results showed that both E.faecalis and E.faecalis-Cs appeared oval or diplococcal,with intact cell wall structures,smooth edges,and evenly distributed cytoplasm.There were no significant differences in the morphology,size,cell wall thickness,or integrity between two types of bacteria.The crystal violet staining results showed that compared with E.faecalis,the number of biofilm formation of E.faecalis-Cs was significantly increased(P<0.05).The MATH results showed tha the hydrophobicity of E.faecalis-Cs was significantly higher than that of E.faecalis(P<0.05).The RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of LuxS mRNA in the biofilms of E.faecalis-Cs was significantly higher than that of E.faecalis(P<0.05).Conclusion:E.faecalis develops the resistance after repeated exposure to the chlorhexidine,and the pathogenicity of the resistant strain is enhanced.The high expressin of quorum sensing(QS)system LuxS gene and stronger biofilm forming ability of bacteria may be the potential mechanism for E.faecalis to tolerate the chlorhexidine.

Objective:Evaluation of the effectiveness of domestic ultrapulsed thulium laser ablation of isolated porcine kidneys.Methods:Forty-two fresh porcine kidneys were taken. One porcine kidney was dissected along the sagittal plane at the renal hilum, and then dissected along the coronal plane and divided into four pieces.A total of 168 pieces of renal tissues were obtained, of which 162 pieces were selected for the domestic hyperpulsed thulium laser ablation of isolated porcine kidneys using the single-needle method and the double-needle method, respectively. The ablation was carried out with different ablation modes (single-needle and double-needle methods), ablation power (4, 5, and 6 W), ablation modes (continuous, low-energy and high-frequency mode, and high-energy and low-frequency mode), and ablation time (10, 15, and 20 s). The size of the ablation area in terms of the long diameter, the short diameter, and the thick diameter were measured and recorded. The embedded tissues were sectioned and stained with HE to study the microscopic pathological characteristics of the ablation foci. The ablation foci volume and sphericity coefficient (Φ) were calculated, and the ablation foci volume and sphericity coefficient were statistically analyzed by analytic factorial design and one-way ANOVA.Results:The gross specimen showed that the single-needle ablation foci were elliptical in shape, containing black carbonized areas and gray-white necrotic areas with clear boundaries, and the peripheral renal tissues were pink, and the ablation focus was clearly demarcated from the normal tissues. The double-needle ablation foci were a large ellipse containing two small ellipse ablation foci, and the structure was similar to that of the single-needle method. Under the light microscope, the center of the ablation focus was a "cavity-like" carbonized area, outside of which was an area of coagulation necrosis, with deepened cell staining, reduced cell volume, disorganized arrangement, loose nuclei, nuclear consolidation, and some cell nuclei were cleaved and ablated. Ablation mode ( P<0.001), ablation pattern ( P <0.001), ablation time ( P <0.001), and ablation power ( P <0.001) all significantly affected ablation focus volume. The volume of the ablation foci increased with increasing number of needle feeds, longer ablation time, higher ablation power, and with the ablation mode being continuous mode. Single-needle ablation produced the largest volume of ablation foci (259.56 mm 3) in continuous mode, ablation time of 20 s, and ablation power of 6 W. Double-needle ablation produced the largest volume of ablation foci (452.00 mm 3) in continuous mode, ablation time of 20 s, and ablation power of 6 W. The analysis of the sphericity coefficient showed that in single-needle ablation, the sphericity coefficient was the largest (Φ=0.76) under the conditions of continuous mode, ablation power of 4 W, and ablation time of 15 s. The sphericity coefficient was the smallest (Φ=0.56) under the conditions of high-energy, low-frequency mode, ablation time of 10 s, and ablation power of 6 W, and the morphology of the ablation foci were more close to ellipsoid shape. When ablated by the double-needle method, the ablation foci morphology was closer to spherical shape (Φ=0.91) under the conditions of continuous mode, ablation time of 10 s, and ablation power of 5 W. The combined main effect and interaction results showed that ablation mode ( P<0.001), ablation pattern ( P<0.001), and ablation power ( P<0.001) significantly affected the sphericity coefficient of the ablation foci, and ablation time did not affect the ablation foci morphology. Conclusions:Domestic ultrapulsed thulium laser ablates isolated porcine kidney tissues with precise effect, the tissue morphology of the unablated area is normal, the thulium laser ablated foci have a definite safe boundary. Choosing double needle method, continuous mode, ablation power 6 W for 20 s, can ablate spherical cancer foci within 1 cm in diameter, which can be used for spherical small kidney cancer ablation. Selecting the single-needle method, high-frequency, low-energy mode and ablation power of 6 W, the ablation foci were similar to the oval volume, and could be used for the ablation of oval small renal cancer. However, this study is only limited to the animal ex vivo model, which needs to be confirmed by further study.