Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of influenza vaccination among the elderly, so as to provide insights into improving the strategies for influenza vaccination among the elderly. Methods: Elderly people aged 60 years and above were recruited from one community each in five sub-districts of Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region using a random sampling method. Demographic information, knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccines, vaccine literacy and influenza vaccination status in the past year were collected through questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting influenza vaccination among the elderly were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 1 121 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 95.08%. There were 417 males (37.20%) and 704 females (62.80%). The majority were aged 60-<81 years, accounting for 80.37% (901 individuals). The awareness of knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccines was 78.86%. Low vaccine literacy was observed in 786 individuals, representing 70.12%. The influenza vaccination rate was 20.96%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (71-<81 years, OR=1.607, 95%CI: 1.041-2.479; ≥81 years, OR=1.719, 95%CI: 1.040-2.842), educational level (middle school/technical secondary school, OR=0.616, 95%CI: 0.416-0.911), medical expense payment (employee medical insurance, OR=6.531, 95%CI: 2.030-21.010; resident medical insurance, OR=3.385, 95%CI: 1.095-10.466; public expense, OR=4.828, 95%CI: 1.700-13.712), vaccination willingness (yes, OR=6.237, 95%CI: 3.277-11.871), influenza vaccination history (yes, OR=14.600, 95%CI: 8.733-24.408) and vaccine literacy (medium and above, OR=2.412, 95%CI: 1.636-3.555) were associated with influenza vaccination among the elderly. Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate among the elderly was relatively low, and was mainly affected by age, educational level, medical expense payment, vaccination willingness, influenza vaccination history and vaccine literacy.

Abstract: To study the protective effect of asiaticoside(AS) on Isoproterenol Hydrochloride(ISO)-induced myocardial injury in mice. Methods: Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into blank control(CON) group, model group [ISO,ISO 10/(kg·d)], Low dose group [ISO+AS-L,ISO 10 mg/(kg·d)+AS 5 mg/(kg·d)], Medium dose group [ISO+AS-M, ISO 10 mg/(kg·d)+AS 10 mg/(kg·d)], High dose group [ISO+AS-H, ISO 10 mg/(kg·d)+AS 20 mg/(kg·d)]. Heart mass ratio was counted; changes were observed in electrocardiogram; Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of interleukin(IL)-1β and cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) in serum; Masson staining was used to observe the fibrosis of mouse myocardial tissue; Western blot was used to detect the ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels(Bax/Bcl-2) and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and NLRP3 proteins in myocardial tissue; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels ofANP,BNP,β-MHC,TNF-α, IL-6, Type Ⅰ collagen(COLⅠ), and Type Ⅲ collagen(COLⅢ). Results: Compared with the CON group, the ISO group had an elevated heart-to-mass ratio(P<0.01), a lower heart rate(P<0.05), a prolonged QT interval(P<0.05), elevated expression of myocardial injury markers cTn-T,ANP,BNP, andβ-MHC(P<0.01); increased expression of IL-1β in the serum(P<0.01), increased expression ofTNF-αin the cardiac tissue and increasedIL-6expression(P<0.001), and NLRP3 protein expression was elevated(P<0.05); myocardium showed a large number of collagen fibers bluish staining(P<0.001),COLⅠ,COLⅢmRNA expression levels increased(P<0.001), and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio(P<0.001) and Caspase-3 expression were significantly elevated(P<0.05). Compared with ISO group, heart-to-mass ratio of mice in ISO+AS-L and ISO+AS-M groups decreased(P<0.05), heart rate increased, QT interval was shortened, cTn-T, ANP, BNP and β-MHC decreased(P<0.001), myocardial collagen fiber blue-staining decreased(P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels ofCOLⅠandCOLⅢdecreased(P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α decreased(P<0.01). NLRP3, Caspase-3 protein expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decreased(P<0.05). The expression level ofIL-6in ISO+AS-M group decreased(P<0.01). The expression levels ofANP,BNP, andTNF-αmRNA expression were reduced in the ISO+AS-H group(P<0.001); the degree of myocardial fibrosis was improved(P<0.05), and the expression levels ofCOLⅠandCOLⅢmRNA were reduced(P<0.05). Conclusion AS has a protective effect against ISO-induced myocardial injury in mice by ameliorating cardiac fibrosis, inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating myocardial tissue inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of epilepsy onset based on the theory of five circuits and six qi in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods A total of 8 389 epilepsy patients from a community-based natural population cohort study from UK Biobank were included.Frequency and constituent ratio analyses were performed to describe the distribution of epilepsy onset in relation to the five circuits and six qi elements,and statistical inferences were made using chi-square tests.Results The analysis revealed statistically significant differences existed in epilepsy onset across different heavenly stems,earthly branches,recombinant yearly circuit,celestial control and terrestrial effect,and dominant qi(all P＜0.05).From the perspective of circuits,the highest incidence occurred in years corresponding to the"Ji"and"Hai"years,while the lowest incidence was observed in"Bing"and"Mao"years.Years dominated by wood circuit and wind manifestations exhibited the highest incidence,whereas years with cold manifestations showed the lowest incidence,suggesting the liver as the primary pathological site in epilepsy.From the perspective of qi,the third dominant qi was most frequently associated with onset.Regarding presiding and subordinate qi,years with taiyin damp earth presiding and taiyang cold water subordinate had the highest incidence,while years with yangming dry metal presiding and shaoyang monarch fire subordinate had the lowest incidence,indicating that cold-damp years and midsummer periods are potential triggers for epilepsy.Conclusion There is a certain regularity in the epilepsy onset correlated with the features of five circuits and six qi,which can guide prevention and clinical diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.

Purpose To investigate the expression of chromogranin A(CgA)in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendo-crine neoplasms(GEP-NENs)and its relationship with clinicopathological features.Methods The clinicopathological data of GEP-NENs diagnosed in the Department of Pathology,Beijing Chao-yang Hospital,Capital Medical University from May 2011 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to evaluate the expression of CgA,and the patients were divided into CgA(+)group and CgA(-)group.Differences in clinico-pathological features between the 2 groups were compared.Results The age of 229 patients ranged from 21 to 89 years,with an average age of 54.4 years.The most common primary site was the rectum(56.8％,130/229),fol-lowed by the stomach(16.6％,38/229),pancreas(14.4％,33/229),small intestine(6.1％,14/229),and colon(6.1％,14/229).There were 206 cases of single lesion and 23 cases of multiple lesions(number of tumors ≥2).There were 153 cases of G1(66.8％),29 cases of G2(12.7％),7 cases of G3(3.1％),and 40 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC,17.5％).The positive rates of CgA in G1,G2,G3,and NEC groups were 37.2％,75.8％,71.4％,and 65.0％,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).The positive rates of CgA in T1,T2,T3,and T4 were 37.2％,83.3％,75.9％,and 57.7％,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).There were significant differences in age,vascular invasion,lymph node metasta-sis,and number of tumors between CgA(+)group and CgA(-)group(P＜0.001),but there was no significant difference in sex,tumor location,Syn,and CD56 expression between the two groups(P=0.595,P=0.098,P=0.173,P=0.557).Conclusion Immunohistochemical antibody CgA is a useful marker for GEP-NENs.CgA positiv-ity may be a poor prognostic factor for GEP-NENs patients.

Purpose To investigate the expression of chromogranin A(CgA)in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendo-crine neoplasms(GEP-NENs)and its relationship with clinicopathological features.Methods The clinicopathological data of GEP-NENs diagnosed in the Department of Pathology,Beijing Chao-yang Hospital,Capital Medical University from May 2011 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to evaluate the expression of CgA,and the patients were divided into CgA(+)group and CgA(-)group.Differences in clinico-pathological features between the 2 groups were compared.Results The age of 229 patients ranged from 21 to 89 years,with an average age of 54.4 years.The most common primary site was the rectum(56.8％,130/229),fol-lowed by the stomach(16.6％,38/229),pancreas(14.4％,33/229),small intestine(6.1％,14/229),and colon(6.1％,14/229).There were 206 cases of single lesion and 23 cases of multiple lesions(number of tumors ≥2).There were 153 cases of G1(66.8％),29 cases of G2(12.7％),7 cases of G3(3.1％),and 40 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC,17.5％).The positive rates of CgA in G1,G2,G3,and NEC groups were 37.2％,75.8％,71.4％,and 65.0％,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).The positive rates of CgA in T1,T2,T3,and T4 were 37.2％,83.3％,75.9％,and 57.7％,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).There were significant differences in age,vascular invasion,lymph node metasta-sis,and number of tumors between CgA(+)group and CgA(-)group(P＜0.001),but there was no significant difference in sex,tumor location,Syn,and CD56 expression between the two groups(P=0.595,P=0.098,P=0.173,P=0.557).Conclusion Immunohistochemical antibody CgA is a useful marker for GEP-NENs.CgA positiv-ity may be a poor prognostic factor for GEP-NENs patients.

Diabetic kidney disease （DKD） is one of the most common and harmful microvascular complications of diabetes， and there is currently a lack of effective treatment methods to delay its progression. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of treating DKD and offers unique advantages. As a traditional Chinese medicine， Rehmannia glutinosa has shown potential in the treatment of DKD in clinical and modern pharmacological research. After integrating relevant research on the pharmacological mechanism of R. glutinosa in treating DKD， it has been found that the main active components of R. glutinosa， such as catalpol， rehmannioside D， aucubin， verbascoside， salidroside， echinacoside and R. glutinosa polysaccharides， along with its extracts and compounds （such as Liuwei dihuang pills， Shenqi dihuang decoction， and Shenqi pills）， can exert multiple effects by intervening in various signaling pathways， including advanced glycation end product （AGE）/receptor for AGE， nuclear factor kappa-B （NF- κB）， and transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）/Smads. These effects include ameliorating metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in DKD， inhibiting the processes of renal inflammation and fibrosis， regulating cell death modalities including apoptosis and ferroptosis， as well as autophagy， and reshaping the gut microbiota. Consequently， it can improve physical and chemical indices and renal tissue pathological damage， thus delaying the progression of DKD.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the selection strategy for recipient vessels in free flap reconstruction of head and neck defects.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 96 patients who underwent 99 free flap reconstructions for head and neck defects between January 2020 and December 2024.Recipient vessel selection,flap survival,and postoperative complications were analyzed based on defect location and flap type.RESULTS In 99 cases microvessel anastomosis,the recipient arteries were superior thyroid artery in 49 branches,facial artery in 28 branches,superficial temporal artery in 14 branches,lingual artery in 5 branches.external carotid artery in 1 branch,transverse cervical artery in 1 branch,and superior laryngeal artery in 1 branch.Venous anastomosis was performed in 104 branches,with 94 cases in 1 venous anastomosis and 5 cases in 2 venous anastomoses.The recipient veins selected were facial vein in 62 branches,external jugular vein in 21 branches,superficial temporal vein in 12 branches,retromandibular vein in 3 branches,middle thyroid vein in 2 branches,internal jugular vein in 2 branches,middle temporal vein in 1 branch,and superior thyroid vein in 1 branch.Complete flap necrosis occurred in 5 cases,and partial necrosis occurred in 4 cases.When the recipient vessels were deficient,the lingual artery was chosen in 3 cases,the facial artery in 1 case,the external jugular vein in 3 cases,the internal jugular vein with end-to-side anastomosis in 1 case,and the common facial vein with end-to-side anastomosis in 1 case.CONCLUSION In free flap reconstruction for head and neck defects,the superior thyroid artery,facial artery,and superficial temporal artery are commonly used as recipient arteries,while the facial vein,external jugular vein,and superficial temporal vein are frequently selected as recipient veins.When recipient vessels are scarce,the ipsilateral lingual artery,transverse cervical artery,and main trunk of the internal jugular vein can serve as alternative recipient vessels.

OBJECTIVE To explore the application of the facial artery musculomucosal(FAMM)flap for the reconstruction of head and neck defects.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 9 patients with head and neck defects reconstructed with the FAMM at the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University,between May 2019 and March 2024.Data regarding defect location,flap size,and postoperative complications were analyzed.RESULTS The defect locations among the nine patients were as follows:hard palate(3 cases),soft palate(2 cases),nasal septum and columella(1 case),oropharyngeal lateral wall(1 case),retromolar region and oropharyngeal lateral wall(1 case),and lower lip(1 case).The FAMM flap sizes ranged from 1.5 cm×2.5 cm to 4 cm×6 cm.Primary closure of the donor site was achieved by direct intermittent suturing in 7 cases;one case was repaired using acellular dermal matrix,and 1 case was repaired using a buccal fat pad graft.Postoperatively,eight flaps survived completely,while 1 flap experienced necrosis.None of the patients developed trismus or malocclusion.CONCLUSION The FAMM flap is suitable for reconstructing defects of the hard palate,soft palate,lower lip or oropharyngeal lateral wall.With reliable blood supply and an intraoral donor site,it offers relatively favorable aesthetic outcomes and is worthy of widespread adoption.

Pleural mesothelioma （PM） is a rare malignant tumor originating from the pleura. Most patients are already in the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis， resulting in a low overall survival rate. MicroRNA （miRNA）， as key regulators of tumor epigenetic modification， have an intertwined interactive network with PM drug resistance. The mechanisms of drug resistance in PM to chemotherapeutic drugs include increasing drug efflux， reducing drug intake， enhancing DNA repair， and altering drug targets. The mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy drugs include activating alternative signaling pathways， establishing a favorable tumor microenvironment， and triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition. MiRNA plays a key part in the aforementioned resistance mechanisms， with some miRNAs promoting the drug sensitivity of cancer cells， while others contribute to increased drug resistance. In light of these key regulatory functions， targeting the dysregulated expression of endogenous miRNAs in the process of resistance formation using miRNA antagonists or miRNA mimics may be an effective therapeutic strategy to reverse drug resistance in PM.

Objective To explore the mechanism of micro ribonucleic acid(miR)-3197 in diabetic retinopathy(DR)on the basis of the nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods A total of 47 DR patients admitted to Heng-shui People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the DR group,and 47 healthy individuals in the same period were collected as the control group.Their information in gender,age,fasting blood glucose(FBG),fast-ing insulin(FINS),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)and miR-3197 were compared.The correlation between miR-3197 in DR patients and laboratory data was analyzed,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of miR-3197 for DR diagnosis was drawn.The human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(hRMECs)were cultured in vitro and treated with 5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose[low glucose(NG)group]and 30 mmol·L-1 glucose[high glucose(HG)group],respectively.After transfecting with anti-miR-NC and anti-miR-3197,the cells were treated with 30 mmol·L-1 glucose(HG+anti-miR-NC group and HG+anti-miR-3197 group).Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression level of miR-3197,flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of hRMECs,enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay was used for detecting tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and Western blot was adopted to detect the expressions of aspartic protease 3 containing cysteine(cleaved caspase-3)protein,Bax protein and NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins[phospho-NF-KB p65(p-p65),p65,phospho-NF-KB inhibited protein(p-IκBα),and NF-κB inhibited protein(IκBα)].Results The levels of FBG,FINS,TC and TG in the DR group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.001).The relative expression level of miR-3197 in the peripheral blood of patients in the DR group(2.76±0.67)was higher than that of the control group(1.03±0.34),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The miR-3197 level of patients in the DR group was positively correlated with FBG,FINS,TC and TG levels(r=0.672,0.587,0.511 and 0.423;all P＜0.05).The ROC curve graph showed that the area under the curve was 0.919,with sensitivity and specificity of 85.11％and 89.36％,respectively.Compared with the NG group,the HG group showed a significant increase in cell apoptosis rate and the pro-tein expressions of cleaved caspase-3,Bax,TNF-a,IL-6,p-IκBa and p-p65(all P＜0.05);compared with the HG+anti-miR-NC group,the HG+anti-miR-3197 group showed a significant decrease in cell apoptosis rate and the protein expres-sions of cleaved caspase-3,Bax,TNF-a,IL-6,p-IκBa and p-p65(allP＜0.05).Conclusion The miR-3197 is highly ex-pressed in the peripheral blood of DR patients and high glucose-induced hRMECs.Down-regulation of miR-3197 can allevi-ate high glucose-induced hRMEC apoptosis and inflammatory injury,and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhi-bition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.