Objective To investigate the eye lens and hand dose levels of interventional radiology workers in Baoji City, China, and to provide data reference for radiation protection. Methods In two general hospitals, the eye lens and finger doses of 121 interventional radiology workers were monitored between 2021 and 2023. The average annual dose levels and dose distribution were analyzed based on years, job positions, surgical sites, and duties during surgery. Results The average annual dose to the eye lens was 3.36 mSv, with the highest dose of 16.36 mSv. The average annual dose to the fingers was 3.38 mSv, with the highest dose of 17.72 mSv. The average annual dose to the eye lens and fingers decreased from 2021 to 2023. The average annual dose to the eye lens of the interventional surgeons was higher than those of the technicians and nurses, while the average annual dose to the fingers of the interventional surgeons was higher than that of the technicians. The average annual doses to the eye lens and fingers of the first operator were similar to those of the second operator, but both were higher than other personnel involved in the interventional surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There were linear regression relationships between the annual doses to the eye lens and fingers and the effective whole-body dose of the interventional radiology workers. A paired test was conducted on the annual dose to the eye lens and fingers of the interventional workers for different surgical sites. The cardiovascular and peripheral vascular interventional workers had higher average annual doses to the eye lens than to the fingers, the cerebrovascular interventional workers had a higher average annual dose to the fingers than to the eye lens, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion The annual doses to the eye lens and fingers of the interventional radiology workers in Baoji City were lower than the national limits. However, some workers showed eye lens annual doses close to the new international standard limit (20 mSv). Special attention should be given to interventional physicians, especially the first and second surgeons.

Objective:To explore the application effect of the BOPPPS[bridge-in(B), objective(O), pre-assessment(P), participatory learning(P), post-assessment(P), Summary(S) ]model combined with scenario-based teaching in out-of-school first aid training for school-aged children, aiming to offer insights for relevant educational practices.Methods:A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Using cluster sampling, 131 school-aged children participating in Wuhan first aid summer camp from July to August 2024 were selected as participants. Among them, 65 children enrolled in July 2024 were assigned to the control group and received training using traditional teaching methods, while 66 children enrolled in August 2024 were assigned to the experimental group and underwent training designed with the BOPPPS model integrated with scenario-based teaching according to the time of entry into the camp. After the training, theoretical exam scores, learning process evaluations, and training satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The control group included 31 boys and 34 girls, aged (9.32 ± 1.83) years; the experimental group included 34 boys and 32 girls, aged (9.71 ± 1.73) years. After the intervention, the total scores of theoretical examination, learning process evaluation, and training satisfaction in the experimental group were (90.27 ± 4.41), (42.79 ± 1.39), and (21.43 ± 2.41) points, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (82.05 ± 6.29), (38.85 ± 1.91), and (19.54 ± 3.02) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.94, 3.15, 4.16, all P<0.05). Conclusions:This out-of-school first aid training for school-aged children leveraged the professional expertise of a tertiary grade A hospital′s pediatric department. The integration of the BOPPPS model with scenario-based teaching effectively enhanced the first aid competencies of school-aged children and improved their satisfaction with the training.

Objective:To explore the application effect of the BOPPPS[bridge-in(B), objective(O), pre-assessment(P), participatory learning(P), post-assessment(P), Summary(S) ]model combined with scenario-based teaching in out-of-school first aid training for school-aged children, aiming to offer insights for relevant educational practices.Methods:A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Using cluster sampling, 131 school-aged children participating in Wuhan first aid summer camp from July to August 2024 were selected as participants. Among them, 65 children enrolled in July 2024 were assigned to the control group and received training using traditional teaching methods, while 66 children enrolled in August 2024 were assigned to the experimental group and underwent training designed with the BOPPPS model integrated with scenario-based teaching according to the time of entry into the camp. After the training, theoretical exam scores, learning process evaluations, and training satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:The control group included 31 boys and 34 girls, aged (9.32 ± 1.83) years; the experimental group included 34 boys and 32 girls, aged (9.71 ± 1.73) years. After the intervention, the total scores of theoretical examination, learning process evaluation, and training satisfaction in the experimental group were (90.27 ± 4.41), (42.79 ± 1.39), and (21.43 ± 2.41) points, respectively, which were higher than those in the control group (82.05 ± 6.29), (38.85 ± 1.91), and (19.54 ± 3.02) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=6.94, 3.15, 4.16, all P<0.05). Conclusions:This out-of-school first aid training for school-aged children leveraged the professional expertise of a tertiary grade A hospital′s pediatric department. The integration of the BOPPPS model with scenario-based teaching effectively enhanced the first aid competencies of school-aged children and improved their satisfaction with the training.

Objective    To investigate the optimal administration combination of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang-Ⅱ) in the establishment of SD rat aortic dissection (AD) model and the related complications. Methods    Forty-two three-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: a group A (0.25% BAPN), a group B (0.40% BAPN), a group C (0.80% BAPN), a group D [1 g/(kg·d) BAPN], a group E [1 g/(kg·d) BAPN+ 1 μg/(kg·min) saline], a group F [1 g/(kg·d) BAPN+1 μg/(kg·min) Ang-Ⅱ] and a group G (control group). There were 6 rats in each group. The intervention period was 4 weeks (groups E and F were 4 weeks+5 days). Rats were dissected immediately if they died during the experiment. After the intervention, the surviving rats were sacrificed by pentobarbital sodium, and the whole aorta was separated and retained. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the changes of aorta from the pathological morphology. Results    There was no statistical difference in the survival rate among the groups after 4 weeks of BAPN intervention (P>0.05). After 5 days of mini-osmotic pumps implantation, the survival rate of rats was higher in the group E than that in the group F (P=0.008), and the incidence of AD in the group E was lower than that in the group F (P=0.001). BAPN could affect the food and water intake of rats. After BAPN intervention for 4 weeks, the body weight of rats in the group G was higher than those in the intervention groups (P<0.05). BAPN combined with Ang-Ⅱ could make the aortic intima thick, elastic fiber breakage, arrangement disorder, and inflammatory cell infiltration in rats, which conformed to the pathological and morphological changes of AD. BAPN could also affect mental state and gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion    The combination of BAPN [1 g/(kg·d)] and Ang-Ⅱ [1 μg/(kg·min)] can stably establish AD model in rats, which will provide a stable carrier for further study of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AD. However, the complications in this process are an unstable factor. How to balance the influence of BAPN on other tissues and organs in the process of AD model establishment remains to be further studied.

Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the relationship between spatial clustering,heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks,and socioeconomic factors in Southern China. Methods We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021,comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions,and provides a representative sample of many developing regions.We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran's I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics. Results There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks,with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors,particularly demographics and living environment.Furthermore,interactive effects among specific are factors,such as population density and per capita residential building area,percentage of households with toilets,percentage of rental housing,exhibited q statistics of 0.28,0.25,and 0.24,respectively. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions,revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission.These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts.

Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease.Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha.However,it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT).Recent research,encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques,contributes to our understanding of the root canal system's anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT.Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients,infection severity,root canal anatomy,and treatment techniques.Therefore,improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions.The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions,tooth conditions,root canal configuration,and root canal needing retreatment,and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes.The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT.These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.

Assisted reproductive technologies(ARTs)are core components of the field of reproductive medicine,encompassing multiple pivotal stages of early development from gamete maturation and fertilization to embryo development.Against the backdrop of a deteriorating trend of global decline in fertility rates,patients with infertility problems increasingly turn to ARTs to realize their dreams of parenthood.However,concomitant with this trend is a growing apprehension regarding the potential adverse effects of ARTs.Herein,we endeavor to discuss several common ARTs procedures utilized in clinical settings and the relevant cutting-edge advancements.The ARTs discussed in the article include in vitro fertilization(IVF),intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI),biphasic in vitro maturation(biphasic IVM),frozen embryo transfer(FET),preimplantation genetic testing(PGT),non-invasive PGT(niPGT),etc.In addition,we reevaluated their roles within the broader context of assisted reproduction aimed at promoting reproductive health.Additionally,we will delve into the impact of ARTs on the reproductive health of the offspring.By prioritizing the reproductive well-being of both patients and their offspring,the ongoing development and improvement of ARTs to enhance their efficacy and safety will contribute significantly to the advancement of human reproductive health.

To explore the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergency events (PHEE) of varicella in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and analyze its related influencing factors. Excel was used to organize the varicella data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2006 to 2021, reported by the management information system of PHEE, to describe the epidemiological characteristics of varicella events. Spatial autocorrelation and spatial scanning methods were used to test and determine its spatial clusters. Geographic detectors were used to analyze the impact of socio-economic factors. From 2006 to 2021, there were 644 reported varicella events in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with a total of 18 052 cases and an incidence rate of 2.78%. The number, duration and response time M ( Q1, Q3) of each reported event were 22 (15, 35) cases, 19 (7, 34) days and 7 (4, 17) days, respectively. Hebei Province had a shorter response time and duration of events compared to Beijing and Tianjin. The most reported varicella events were in 2006 and 2007, with 112 and 106 events, respectively. By 2014, the number of events had decreased yearly, and there was a small peak from 2017 to 2019 between 2014 and 2021. From 2006 to 2021, the PHEE of varicella showed a seasonal bimodal distribution from March to June and from October to January of the following year, with peaks in May and December. There was a total of 500 reported varicella events in primary schools, including 218 events in rural primary schools (34%), 142 events in county and town primary schools (22%) and 140 events in urban primary schools (22%). The distribution of varicella events showed a positive spatial autocorrelation and strong spatial clustering, with Moran′s I of 0.31. The Class 1 clustering area was centered in Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County, Chengde City, with a radius of 207 km and included 58 districts ( LLR=3 550.23, RR=3.78). The most explanatory factor among socio-economic factors was the proportion of the population aged 0-24 years old ( q=0.22), and the interaction effect between each factor was stronger than the independent effect. Overall, there are differences in the level of handling varicella events across Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. The main occurrence of varicella events is in primary schools, especially in rural areas. Varicella events exhibit spatial clustering. Population structure-related factors have a strong impact on the risk of the incidence of varicella events.

To explore the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergency events (PHEE) of varicella in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and analyze its related influencing factors. Excel was used to organize the varicella data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2006 to 2021, reported by the management information system of PHEE, to describe the epidemiological characteristics of varicella events. Spatial autocorrelation and spatial scanning methods were used to test and determine its spatial clusters. Geographic detectors were used to analyze the impact of socio-economic factors. From 2006 to 2021, there were 644 reported varicella events in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with a total of 18 052 cases and an incidence rate of 2.78%. The number, duration and response time M ( Q1, Q3) of each reported event were 22 (15, 35) cases, 19 (7, 34) days and 7 (4, 17) days, respectively. Hebei Province had a shorter response time and duration of events compared to Beijing and Tianjin. The most reported varicella events were in 2006 and 2007, with 112 and 106 events, respectively. By 2014, the number of events had decreased yearly, and there was a small peak from 2017 to 2019 between 2014 and 2021. From 2006 to 2021, the PHEE of varicella showed a seasonal bimodal distribution from March to June and from October to January of the following year, with peaks in May and December. There was a total of 500 reported varicella events in primary schools, including 218 events in rural primary schools (34%), 142 events in county and town primary schools (22%) and 140 events in urban primary schools (22%). The distribution of varicella events showed a positive spatial autocorrelation and strong spatial clustering, with Moran′s I of 0.31. The Class 1 clustering area was centered in Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County, Chengde City, with a radius of 207 km and included 58 districts ( LLR=3 550.23, RR=3.78). The most explanatory factor among socio-economic factors was the proportion of the population aged 0-24 years old ( q=0.22), and the interaction effect between each factor was stronger than the independent effect. Overall, there are differences in the level of handling varicella events across Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. The main occurrence of varicella events is in primary schools, especially in rural areas. Varicella events exhibit spatial clustering. Population structure-related factors have a strong impact on the risk of the incidence of varicella events.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergency events (PHEE) of varicella in China from 2006 to 2021 and related response performances.Methods:The data of varicella PHEE in 31 provinces of China from 2006 to 2021 were collected through the Public Health Emergency Management Information System, Microsoft Excel 2019 software and SPSS 26.0 statistical software were used to conduct descriptive epidemiological, statistical analysis on the time, area, location distribution, scale and epidemic management.Results:A total of 11 443 PHEE involving 341 048 related cases were reported from 2006 to 2021, with an annual attack rate of 1.78%-3.80% and a total attack rate of 2.33% (341 048/14 624 042). The number of PHEE and related cases of varicella decreased from 1 107 (35 349) in 2007 to 262 (6 884) in 2012 ( Z=-2.40, P<0.001), then increased year by year to 1 318 (42 649) in 2019 ( Z=2.58, P<0.001), with a significant decline since 2020. The varicella PHEE in China presents the seasonal characteristics,the peak is from April to June and from October to December, respectively. The sub-peak of varicella PHEE in eastern China generally appears 1-2 months earlier than in central and western China. Varicella PHEE reports are mainly distributed in eastern China, the attack rate is relatively high in western China, school-reported varicella PHEE was 88.26% of the total reports (10 099/11 443). The epidemic scale of varrcella PHEE typically range from 10 to 29 cases per year among the given outbreaks. The M ( Q1, Q3) of average number of cases, average duration, and average reporting interval of PHEE were 23 (16,35), 20 (14, 26) days, and 9 (5,19) days, respectively, and the reporting interval was positively correlated with the duration ( r=0.854, P<0.001). Conclusions:The varicella PHEE in China from 2006 to 2021 has not been effectively controlled. Schools are the key places to prevent and control varicella PHEE. Improving the sensitivity of varicella PHEE monitoring, strengthening the timely disposal of varicella epidemic, and promoting varicella vaccination are effective measures to prevent and control varicella PHEE.