Objective To screen immune-related long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs)in the TCGA database pancreatic cancer dataset and construct a prognostic risk assessment model with immune-related LncRNAs to explore prognosis-related potential molecular mechanisms.Methods RNA-seq data of 171 pancreatic cancer samples and corresponding clinical information were obtained by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,and two classical immune-related gene datasets(GO0006955/IMMUNE RESPONSE and GO0002376/IMMUNE SYSTERM PROCESS)and gene annotation information were used to identify immune-related LncRNAs.The immune-related LncRNAs associated with pancreatic cancer prognosis were used for univariate and multivariate Cox analyses to establish a model for the assessment of pancreatic cancer prognostic risk based on immune-associated LncRNAs.This risk model was used for survival analysis,clinical correlation analysis,immune cell infiltration analysis,pathway enrichment analysis,and prognostic column line plot modeling.Results We screened 119 immune-related LncRNAs in pancreatic cancer,and five immune-related LncRNAs(AC064836.3,LINC00941,ZNF236-DT,TMEM161B-AS1 and AC068580.2)were identified for the development of pancreatic cancer prognostic risk assessment model.According to the prognostic risk assessment model,pancreatic cancer patients were divided into low-risk group(n=86)and high-risk group(n=85).Compared with the low-risk group,the high-risk group showed a significant negative enrichment trend for immune-related signaling pathways,the 5-year overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients was significantly increased in the low-risk group compared with the high-risk group.The expression of low-risk immune-related LncRNAs(AC064836.3,ZNF236-DT and TMEM161B-AS1)gradually decreased with increasing clinical stage of pancreatic cancer patients.Patient age(P=0.031,risk ratio and 95％CI:1.025/1.002-1.048)and prognostic risk score(P＜0.001,risk ratio and 95％ confidence interval 1.801/1.465-2.215)could be used as independent prognostic risk factors for overall survival in pancreatic cancer.In addition,the prognostic risk assessment model had better predictive efficiency(area under the curve=0.695)compared with the disease predictive ability of common clinical characteristics.Steroid biosynthesis,pentose phosphate pathway,intercellular linkage,cytoskeletal rearrangement and other pathways related to energy metabolism and invasive migration of pancreatic cancer cells were significantly activated in the high-risk group.Meanwhile,pancreatic cancer patients in the high-risk group had lower levels of naive B cells,plasma cells and neutrophils with anti-tumor activity,but their macrophage infiltration levels were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group.Conclusion The prognostic risk assessment model constructed based on five immune-related LncRNAs can effectively predict the survival status,clinical characteristics,molecular pathways,and immune cell infiltration differences of pancreatic cancer patients.Meanwhile,relying on this model,the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients can be prospectively predicted,which enhances the usefulness of this risk prediction model.

Objective To study the mechanism by which acoustic wave stimulation improves cognitive function in sleep-deprived mice.Methods(1)Thirty-six male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups:the control group,model group and acoustic wave group(n=12 per group).A sleep deprivation model was established using the modified multiple platform method.After 21 days of sleep deprivation in a row,mice in the acoustic wave group were exposed to 30-minute acoustic wave stimulation at 40 dB.(2)During sleep deprivation,the health status of each group of mice was recorded,including the mental state and body weight.(3)After 21 days of sleep deprivation,behavioral tests(open field test,novel object recognition test,Y-maze and Morris water maze)were performed to assess the spontaneous activity,spatial exploration,and such cognitive functions as learning and memory in mice.Immunohistochemistry was conducted to analyze the expressions of neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba-1)in the hippocampus.Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was used to measure the expression levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in the hippocampus.(4)Transcriptome sequencing was employed to explore the mechanism underlying the improvement of cognitive impairment by acoustic wave stimulation.Results After 21 days of sleep deprivation,acoustic wave stimulation significantly alleviated weight loss in mice(P＜0.01).The accuracy of Y-maze spontaneous alternation,indexes of novel object discrimination,the time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times the mice crossed the platformin the Morris water maze were all significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the escape latency was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).The average optical density of NeuN in the hippocampal CA3 region significantly increased(P＜0.05),GFAP and Iba-1 immunopositive cell counts significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the mRNA levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and iNOS in the hippocampal tissue were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acoustic wave stimulation can repair neural damage,modulate hippocampal inflammatory responses,and improve cognitive deficits induced by sleep deprivation.

Objective To screen immune-related long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs)in the TCGA database pancreatic cancer dataset and construct a prognostic risk assessment model with immune-related LncRNAs to explore prognosis-related potential molecular mechanisms.Methods RNA-seq data of 171 pancreatic cancer samples and corresponding clinical information were obtained by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,and two classical immune-related gene datasets(GO0006955/IMMUNE RESPONSE and GO0002376/IMMUNE SYSTERM PROCESS)and gene annotation information were used to identify immune-related LncRNAs.The immune-related LncRNAs associated with pancreatic cancer prognosis were used for univariate and multivariate Cox analyses to establish a model for the assessment of pancreatic cancer prognostic risk based on immune-associated LncRNAs.This risk model was used for survival analysis,clinical correlation analysis,immune cell infiltration analysis,pathway enrichment analysis,and prognostic column line plot modeling.Results We screened 119 immune-related LncRNAs in pancreatic cancer,and five immune-related LncRNAs(AC064836.3,LINC00941,ZNF236-DT,TMEM161B-AS1 and AC068580.2)were identified for the development of pancreatic cancer prognostic risk assessment model.According to the prognostic risk assessment model,pancreatic cancer patients were divided into low-risk group(n=86)and high-risk group(n=85).Compared with the low-risk group,the high-risk group showed a significant negative enrichment trend for immune-related signaling pathways,the 5-year overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients was significantly increased in the low-risk group compared with the high-risk group.The expression of low-risk immune-related LncRNAs(AC064836.3,ZNF236-DT and TMEM161B-AS1)gradually decreased with increasing clinical stage of pancreatic cancer patients.Patient age(P=0.031,risk ratio and 95％CI:1.025/1.002-1.048)and prognostic risk score(P＜0.001,risk ratio and 95％ confidence interval 1.801/1.465-2.215)could be used as independent prognostic risk factors for overall survival in pancreatic cancer.In addition,the prognostic risk assessment model had better predictive efficiency(area under the curve=0.695)compared with the disease predictive ability of common clinical characteristics.Steroid biosynthesis,pentose phosphate pathway,intercellular linkage,cytoskeletal rearrangement and other pathways related to energy metabolism and invasive migration of pancreatic cancer cells were significantly activated in the high-risk group.Meanwhile,pancreatic cancer patients in the high-risk group had lower levels of naive B cells,plasma cells and neutrophils with anti-tumor activity,but their macrophage infiltration levels were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group.Conclusion The prognostic risk assessment model constructed based on five immune-related LncRNAs can effectively predict the survival status,clinical characteristics,molecular pathways,and immune cell infiltration differences of pancreatic cancer patients.Meanwhile,relying on this model,the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients can be prospectively predicted,which enhances the usefulness of this risk prediction model.

Objective:To explore the repair effect of nucleus pulposus spherical cell clusters in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration and its potential therapeutic application.Methods:The degradation and rheological properties of SupraGel hydrogel were characterized, and the biocompatibility of spherical nucleus pulposus cell clusters in SupraGel hydrogel was tested by live-dead cytological staining. A caudal disc puncture degeneration model was established in 20 SD rats, and the rats were divided into groups and intervention measures: puncture of degenerated segment without intervention (positive control group), puncture of degenerated segment injection of SupraGel hydrogel (hydrogel group), puncture of degenerated segment injection of spherical cell clusters (cell cluster group), puncture of degenerated segment injection of SupraGel hydrogel loaded with spherical cell clusters (hydrogel + cell cluster group) and healthy segment (negative control group). X-rays and MRI examinations were performed at the 4th and 8th weeks after intervention, and the disc degeneration was evaluated according to the disc height index and Pfirrmann grading. HE staining, safranin O-fast green staining and COL-2 immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the changes in the disc structure and extracellular matrix.Results:The degradation residual rate of SupraGel hydrogel was 73.7% after 10 h, which showed excellent shear thinning and self-recovery properties. Nucleus pulposus cells could spontaneously aggregate in SupraGel hydrogel to form stable spherical cell clusters, which remained active on the 7th day. In the in vivo experiment, the intervertebral height index of the hydrogel + cell cluster group was 88.12%±4.55% and 74.13%±4.09% at 4 and 8 weeks after intervention, which were higher than those of the positive control group and hydrogel group, and lower than those of the negative control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05); the Pfirrmann grades were 2.40±0.55 and 2.60±0.89, which were lower than those of the positive control group and hydrogel group at 4 weeks, and lower than those of the positive control group, hydrogel group and cell cluster group at 8 weeks, and higher than those of the negative control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05); the morphological scores were 6.60±0.55 and 9.40±1.14, which were lower than those of the positive control group, hydrogel group and cell cluster group at 4 weeks, at the 8th week, the levels of collagen type II were lower than those of the positive control group, hydrogel group and cell cluster group, but higher than those of the negative control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The optical density of type II collagen was 0.12±0.01 and 0.10±0.01, respectively, which were higher than those of the positive control group, hydrogel group and cell cluster group at the 4th week, and higher than those of the positive control group and hydrogel group at the 8th week, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Nucleus pulposus spherical cell clusters can be successfully constructed and have been shown to have the effect of delaying degeneration in the rat intervertebral disc degeneration model.

Sleep disorders are characterized by abnormal amounts of sleep and unusual behavior during sleep.Long-term sleep disorders can lead to the disruption of normal social functioning or neurological conditions.In recent years,the role of sound wave therapy in improving sleep quality has attracted much attention.This article aims to review the research progress related to the role of sound wave therapy in enhancing sleep quality,cognitive function,and alleviating fatigue in patients with sleep disorders in hopes of contributing to clinical applications.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of MRI radiomics model for clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa)in the transition zone with prostate imaging reporting and data system(PI-RADS)3-4.Methods According to the ratio of prostate cancer(PCa)∶benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)=1∶1,the relevant data of patients with transition zone lesions confirmed by pathology were retrospectively collected.Patients were divided into csPCa group and non-csPCa group according to pathological results.Region of interest(ROI)were drawn along the edge of the lesion in T2WI,diffusion weighted imaging(DWI),and apparent diffusion coeffi-cient(ADC)sequences,the radiomics features were extracted,and a single sequence logistic regression model was constructed and validated after feature cleaning and screening.The diagnostic performances of the radiomics model for transition zone csPCa were evaluated and compared.Results A total of 204 patients were included,and there were 94 cases in the csPCa group and 110 cases in the non-csPCa group.There were statistically significant differences in PI-RADS,prostate volume(PV),prostate specific antigen(PSA)and its derivative indicators between csPCa and non-csPCa groups.In the validation set,the area under the cunve(AUC)of the ADC model was 0.766,and the DeLong test showed that the diagnostic performance of the ADC model was significantly higher than that of the DWI and T2WI models.Conclusion When the PI-RADS classification of transition zone lesion is 3-4,the ADC radiomics model has good diag-nostic performance for csPCa,which can reduce unnecessary biopsy in some patients.Radiomics is expected to become a more objec-tive and accurate medical diagnostic tool.

Objective:To explore the repair effect of nucleus pulposus spherical cell clusters in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration and its potential therapeutic application.Methods:The degradation and rheological properties of SupraGel hydrogel were characterized, and the biocompatibility of spherical nucleus pulposus cell clusters in SupraGel hydrogel was tested by live-dead cytological staining. A caudal disc puncture degeneration model was established in 20 SD rats, and the rats were divided into groups and intervention measures: puncture of degenerated segment without intervention (positive control group), puncture of degenerated segment injection of SupraGel hydrogel (hydrogel group), puncture of degenerated segment injection of spherical cell clusters (cell cluster group), puncture of degenerated segment injection of SupraGel hydrogel loaded with spherical cell clusters (hydrogel + cell cluster group) and healthy segment (negative control group). X-rays and MRI examinations were performed at the 4th and 8th weeks after intervention, and the disc degeneration was evaluated according to the disc height index and Pfirrmann grading. HE staining, safranin O-fast green staining and COL-2 immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the changes in the disc structure and extracellular matrix.Results:The degradation residual rate of SupraGel hydrogel was 73.7% after 10 h, which showed excellent shear thinning and self-recovery properties. Nucleus pulposus cells could spontaneously aggregate in SupraGel hydrogel to form stable spherical cell clusters, which remained active on the 7th day. In the in vivo experiment, the intervertebral height index of the hydrogel + cell cluster group was 88.12%±4.55% and 74.13%±4.09% at 4 and 8 weeks after intervention, which were higher than those of the positive control group and hydrogel group, and lower than those of the negative control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05); the Pfirrmann grades were 2.40±0.55 and 2.60±0.89, which were lower than those of the positive control group and hydrogel group at 4 weeks, and lower than those of the positive control group, hydrogel group and cell cluster group at 8 weeks, and higher than those of the negative control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05); the morphological scores were 6.60±0.55 and 9.40±1.14, which were lower than those of the positive control group, hydrogel group and cell cluster group at 4 weeks, at the 8th week, the levels of collagen type II were lower than those of the positive control group, hydrogel group and cell cluster group, but higher than those of the negative control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The optical density of type II collagen was 0.12±0.01 and 0.10±0.01, respectively, which were higher than those of the positive control group, hydrogel group and cell cluster group at the 4th week, and higher than those of the positive control group and hydrogel group at the 8th week, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Nucleus pulposus spherical cell clusters can be successfully constructed and have been shown to have the effect of delaying degeneration in the rat intervertebral disc degeneration model.

Capsule endoscopy is one of the main diagnostic methods of small bowel diseases. In small bowel capsule endoscopy, the main factors that influence the diagnostic rate of diseases include gastrointestinal examination completion rate and intestinal preparation, etc. The upper gastrointestinal transit time is one of the main influence factors of examination completion rate. This article reviewed risk factors and clinical management of prolonged upper gastrointestinal transit time in capsule endoscopy.

According to the pathological characteristics of symptomatic chronic thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture (SCOVF), the different clinical treatment methods are selected, including vertebral augmentation, anterior-posterior fixation and fusion, posterior decompression fixation and fusion, and posterior correction osteotomy. However, there is still a lack of a unified understanding on how to choose appropriate treatment method for SCOVF. In order to reflect the new treatment concept and the evidence-based medicine progress of SCOVF in a timely manner and standardize its treatment, the clinical guideline for surgical treatment of SCOVF is formulated in compliance with the principle of scientificity, practicability and advancement and based on the level of evidence-based medicine.

Objective To provide a theoretical basis for the pulmonary enteric therapy in treating intestinal dysbacteriosis complicating allergic asthma according to the traditional theory of Lung and Large intestine are interiorly-exteriorly.Methods The experiment included the blank group,model group,positive control group and three kinds of traditional Chinese medicine compound administration group;the intestinal dysbacteriosis in SD rats was duplicated by adopting cefoperazone and candida albicans gavage.On this basis ovalbumin injection sensitization and nebulization were applied to induce asthma.Meanwhile Jia-Wei-ShengJiang Powder(SJS),Guizhi-Jia-Houpu-Xingzi Decoction(GHX) and Zeng-Ye-Cheng-Qi Decoction(ZYCQ) were orally administered for treatment of lung-intestine combine therapy,lung therapy and intestine therapy.The respiratory function was analyzed by using the Buxco whole body plethysmography.The variety of intestinal flora were analyzed by using 16SrDNA.Results Analyzing the specieces composition of intestinal flora in each group by the OUT value found that the recovery of Lactobacillus in each group was close to that in the blank group and better than that in the positive group,meanwhile,3 treatment groups all could promote the recovery of Proteobacteria and bacteroidetes,but the lung-intestine combine therapy had optimal effect,the Alpha diversity analysis found that the intestinal microflora diversities from high to low were in turn the intestinal therapy group,lung therapy group,lungintestine combined therapy group and model group;the respiratory frequency and airway hyperreactivity in the model group was 260.56(1.28),which in the lung-intestine combined therapy group,lung therapy and intestine therapy after treatment were 141.79 (0.93),137.25 (1.30) and 203.16 (0.84) respectively,the rat respiratory frequency in each treatment group was lower than that in the model group,while the airway hyperreactivity only in the lung-intestine combined therapy group and intestinal therapy group was lower than that in the model group,moreover showing statistical significance.Conclusion The lung-intestine combine therapy method for treating rat intestinal dysbacteriosis complicating allergic asthma is superior to simple lung therapy method or intestine therapy method.