Acute liver failure (ALF) is lack of broadly approved therapeutic strategy except liver transplantation. As a glycogen metabolic intermediate, UDP-glucose (UDP-G) has been considered to accelerate liver repairment. Nevertheless, the role of UDP-G and its receptor P2Y purinoceptor 14 (P2Y₁₄R) in ALF remains unknown. The present study aims to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of UDP-G/P2Y₁₄R axis in ALF. In this study, hepatic P2Y₁₄R is significantly increased in TAA-induced and partial hepatectomy-induced ALF, while knockout of whole-body P2Y₁₄R aggravates liver failure, manifested by inhibiting β-Catenin-mediated liver regeneration. Consistently, P2Y₁₄R deficiency exhibits impaired liver regeneration in mice suffer partial hepatectomy. Importantly, only hepatocellular specific deletion of P2Y₁₄R (P2Y₁₄R ^flox/flox Alb ^cre/+ ) mice shows a similar phenomenon, rather than stellate cell specific deletion of P2Y₁₄R (P2Y₁₄R ^flox/flox Lrat ^cre/+ ) mice. Mechanistically, P2Y₁₄R induction regulates methylation of Dact-2 through CREB/DNMT3b signals in hepatocytes, subsequently inhibiting the expression of Dact-2 which is a stabilizer of β-Catenin degradation complex, leading to the activation of β-Catenin -mediated liver regeneration. Interestingly, the administration of exogenous UDP-G can accelerate liver regeneration and liver function recovery after partial hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma mice. Together, the findings propose an unrecognized role of P2Y₁₄R in ALF and provide an effective adjuvant strategy for treatment of ALF.

The plant F-box protein more axillary growth 2 (MAX2) is a key factor in the signal transduction of strigolactones (SLs) and karrinkins (KARs). As the main component of the SKP1-CUL1-FBX (SCF) complex ubiquitin ligase E3, MAX2 is responsible for specifically recognizing the target proteins, suppressor of MAX2 1/SMAX1-like proteins (SMAX1/SMXLs), which would be degraded after ubiquitination. It can thereby regulate plant morphogenesis and stress responses. There exist homologous genes of MAX2 in the important grain and oil crop soybean (Glycine max). However, its role in plant defense responses has not been investigated yet. Here, GmMAX2b, a homologous gene of MAX2, was successfully cloned from stressed soybean. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that there were two MAX2 homologous genes, GmMAX2a and GmMAX2b, with a similarity of 96.2% in soybean. Their F-box regions were highly conserved. The sequence alignment and cluster analysis of plant MAX2 homologous proteins basically reflected the evolutionary relationship of plants and also suggested that soybean MAX2 might be a multifunctional protein. Expression analysis showed that plant pathogen infection and salicylic acid treatment induced the expression of GmMAX2b in soybean, which is consistent with that of MAX2 in Arabidopsis. Ectopic expression of GmMAX2b compensated for the susceptibility of Arabidopsis max2-2 mutant to pathogen, indicating that GmMAX2b positively regulated plant disease resistance. In addition, yeast two hybrid technology was used to explore the potential target proteins of GmMAX2b. The results showed that GmMAX2b interacted with SMXL6 and weakly interacted with SMXL2. In summary, GmMAX2b is a positive regulator in plant defense responses, and its expression is induced by pathogen infection and salicylic acid treatment. GmMAX2b might exert its effect through interaction with SMXL6 and SMXL2. This study expands the theoretical exploration of soybean disease resistant F-box and provides a scientific basis for future soybean disease resistant breeding.
Glycine max/metabolism* ; Disease Resistance/genetics* ; Plant Diseases/immunology* ; Plant Proteins/genetics* ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; F-Box Proteins/genetics* ; Arabidopsis/genetics* ; Phylogeny

Objective:To analyze the infection status of HBV among the healthy population in Tongchuan city in 2023, and compare it against the data from 2006, 2014, and 2020, thereby elucidating epidemiological trends and providing reference for optimizing hepatitis B prevention and control strategies in Tongchuan city.Methods:By using the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling, healthy people aged 1-59 from eight villages/communities in the four districts and counties of Tongchuan city were selected for on-site investigation and blood sample collection. ELISA was used to detect the five hepatitis B markers of the survey respondents, including HBsAg and HBsAb, and the seroprevalence rates of the populations with different characteristics were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test.Results:In 2023, a total of 1 926 healthy people were surveyed. After standardization, the positive rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBV, and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative were 0.56%, 54.57%, 26.77%, and 33.05%, respectively. Children aged 1-4 had the lowest positive rates of HBsAg, HBcAb, HBeAb, and HBV, as well as the lowest rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative, while they had the highest positive rate of HBsAb. In the population aged 1-29, the positive rates of HBsAg and HBV, and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative showed an upward trend with increasing age, while the positive rate of HBsAb showed a downward trend. In particular, the positive rate of HBsAb dropped sharply in the 5-14 age group. In 2023, the positive rate of HBV in the population aged 1-29 was 10.93% (111/1 016), and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative was 38.39% (390/1 016), both lower than the results of the previous three surveys. The positive rate of HBsAb was 56.69% (576/1 016) in people aged 1-29 in 2023, which was higher than the results of the previous three surveys.Conclusions:Although certain achievements have been made in the prevention and control of hepatitis B in Tongchuan city in 2023, with more than one-third of the population showing all negative results in the five hepatitis B tests, the positive rate of HBsAb in the 5-14 age group has dropped sharply. Further actions required for hepatitis B prevention and control in Tongchuan city include optimizing the childhood immunization schedule for national immunization program vaccines, implementing booster programs for adolescents, and developing tailored immunization strategies for adults.

Objective The clinical characteristics of 21 cases of nocardiosis were reviewed and antimicrobial resistance of Nocardia strains was analyzed in order to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and treatment of nocardiosis.Methods Clinical data of patients diagnosed with nocardiosis in Zhoukou Central Hospital from 2019-2023 and the corresponding results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients.Results Overall,the 21 cases of nocardiosis included 9 males and 12 females,aged 2-91 years.Underlying disease was reported in 15 patients.Most common type of nocardiosis was pulmonary nocardiosis in 15 cases,followed by skin and soft tissue infection,pleurisy,lymphadenitis,and disseminated nocardiosis.Laboratory tests showed increased levels of WBC,neutrophils percentage,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C-reactive protein,and procalcitonin.The 21 strains of Nocardia included 4 strains of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica,2 strains each of Nocardia brasiliensis,Nocardia abscessus,Nocardia asiatica,Nocardia otitidiscaviarum and Nocardia beijingensis,and 1 strain each of Nocardia puris,Nocardia asteroides,Nocardia farcinica,Nocardia pneumoniae,Nocardia amamiensis,and 2 strains of unclassified Nocardia.All of the Nocardia strains(100％)were susceptible to linezolid,amikacin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,followed by various levels of susceptibility to cefotaxime,moxifloxacin,imipenem and ceftriaxone,and lower susceptibility rate to cefepime,minocycline,ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin.Antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia strains varied with different Nocardia species.Of the 21 patients,two were referred to other hospitals,another two died,two patients received unknown treatment,and the remaining 15 patients were improved after antibiotic treatment,including sulfonamides combined with other antibiotics in 11 cases,other antibiotics in 4 cases.Conclusions Immunocompromised patients or those with underlying diseases are more susceptible to nocardiosis.The clinical features are complex and diverse.Antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia strains varied with different Nocardia species.Accurate identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test are essential for prescribing effective antibiotic treatment.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ameliorative effect and potential mechanism of imperatorin(IMP)on doxorubicin(DOX)resistance in breast cancer.METHODS The effects of maximum non-toxic concentration(100 μg/mL)of IMP combined with different concentrations of DOX(12.5,25,50,75,100 μg/mL)on the proliferation of MCF-7/DOX cells were determined by MTT method.MCF-7/DOX cells were divided into blank control group(1‰ dimethyl sulfoxide),DOX group(50 μg/mL),IMP+DOX group(100 μg/mL IMP+50 μg/mL DOX)and IMP group(100 μg/mL).mRNA and protein expressions of multidrug resistance protein 1(MDR1)and multidrug resistance-associated protein l in each group were measured.The relevant pathways and targets involved in the improvement of DOX resistance in breast cancer cells by IMP were screened and validated by using transcriptome sequencing technology,along with gene ontology(GO)enrichment analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.RESULTS Compared with DOX alone,the combination of IMP and DOX reduced the half inhibitory concentration of DOX on MCF-7/DOX cells from 81.965 μg/mL to 43.170 μg/mL,the reverse fold was 1.90,and the mRNA expression of MDR1 was significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05).The results of GO enrichment analyses and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the reversal of DOX resistance in breast cancer by IMP was mainly associated with the regulation of biological processes such as detoxification,multiple biological processes,and cell killing.The main pathway involved was the p53 signaling pathway,and the key targets mainly included constitutively photomorphogenic protein 1(COP1),cyclin E1(CCNE1),growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45A(GADD45A)and GADD45B.The results of the verification experiments showed that compared with DOX group,there was a trend of up-regulation of COP1 mRNA,and significant down-regulation of CCNE1,GADD45A,and GADD45B mRNA expression in IMP+DOX group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The effect of IMP in ameliorating DOX resistance in breast cancer is related to its regulation of COP1,CCNE1,GADD45A and GADD45B targets in the p53 signaling pathway.

Objective The clinical characteristics of 21 cases of nocardiosis were reviewed and antimicrobial resistance of Nocardia strains was analyzed in order to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and treatment of nocardiosis.Methods Clinical data of patients diagnosed with nocardiosis in Zhoukou Central Hospital from 2019-2023 and the corresponding results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients.Results Overall,the 21 cases of nocardiosis included 9 males and 12 females,aged 2-91 years.Underlying disease was reported in 15 patients.Most common type of nocardiosis was pulmonary nocardiosis in 15 cases,followed by skin and soft tissue infection,pleurisy,lymphadenitis,and disseminated nocardiosis.Laboratory tests showed increased levels of WBC,neutrophils percentage,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C-reactive protein,and procalcitonin.The 21 strains of Nocardia included 4 strains of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica,2 strains each of Nocardia brasiliensis,Nocardia abscessus,Nocardia asiatica,Nocardia otitidiscaviarum and Nocardia beijingensis,and 1 strain each of Nocardia puris,Nocardia asteroides,Nocardia farcinica,Nocardia pneumoniae,Nocardia amamiensis,and 2 strains of unclassified Nocardia.All of the Nocardia strains(100％)were susceptible to linezolid,amikacin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,followed by various levels of susceptibility to cefotaxime,moxifloxacin,imipenem and ceftriaxone,and lower susceptibility rate to cefepime,minocycline,ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin.Antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia strains varied with different Nocardia species.Of the 21 patients,two were referred to other hospitals,another two died,two patients received unknown treatment,and the remaining 15 patients were improved after antibiotic treatment,including sulfonamides combined with other antibiotics in 11 cases,other antibiotics in 4 cases.Conclusions Immunocompromised patients or those with underlying diseases are more susceptible to nocardiosis.The clinical features are complex and diverse.Antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia strains varied with different Nocardia species.Accurate identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test are essential for prescribing effective antibiotic treatment.

Objective:To analyze the infection status of HBV among the healthy population in Tongchuan city in 2023, and compare it against the data from 2006, 2014, and 2020, thereby elucidating epidemiological trends and providing reference for optimizing hepatitis B prevention and control strategies in Tongchuan city.Methods:By using the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling, healthy people aged 1-59 from eight villages/communities in the four districts and counties of Tongchuan city were selected for on-site investigation and blood sample collection. ELISA was used to detect the five hepatitis B markers of the survey respondents, including HBsAg and HBsAb, and the seroprevalence rates of the populations with different characteristics were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test.Results:In 2023, a total of 1 926 healthy people were surveyed. After standardization, the positive rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBV, and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative were 0.56%, 54.57%, 26.77%, and 33.05%, respectively. Children aged 1-4 had the lowest positive rates of HBsAg, HBcAb, HBeAb, and HBV, as well as the lowest rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative, while they had the highest positive rate of HBsAb. In the population aged 1-29, the positive rates of HBsAg and HBV, and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative showed an upward trend with increasing age, while the positive rate of HBsAb showed a downward trend. In particular, the positive rate of HBsAb dropped sharply in the 5-14 age group. In 2023, the positive rate of HBV in the population aged 1-29 was 10.93% (111/1 016), and the rate of all five hepatitis B markers being negative was 38.39% (390/1 016), both lower than the results of the previous three surveys. The positive rate of HBsAb was 56.69% (576/1 016) in people aged 1-29 in 2023, which was higher than the results of the previous three surveys.Conclusions:Although certain achievements have been made in the prevention and control of hepatitis B in Tongchuan city in 2023, with more than one-third of the population showing all negative results in the five hepatitis B tests, the positive rate of HBsAb in the 5-14 age group has dropped sharply. Further actions required for hepatitis B prevention and control in Tongchuan city include optimizing the childhood immunization schedule for national immunization program vaccines, implementing booster programs for adolescents, and developing tailored immunization strategies for adults.

Objective:To clone the Helicobacter pylori(Hp)hp0169 gene and conduct the crystallographic study,and to clarify its secondary and tertiary structures.Methods:The hp0169 gene and its encoded protein sequence of the Hp NCTC26695 strain were retrieved from the UniProt database.Bioinformatics method was used to analyze the physicochemical properties of the Hp recombinant protease(HpPrtC)protein;SOPMA and DNAStrar softwares were used to predict the secondary structure characteristics of HpPrtC protein;SWISS-MODEL software was used to construct the tertiary structure of the HpPrtC protein;IEDB and ABCpred softwares were used to predict the antigenic epitopes of the B lymphocytes HpPrtC protein;SYFPEITMI website was used to predict the antigenic epitopes of the T lymphocytes of HpPrtC protein;the expert pool(EP)and random forest(RF)algorithms were used to predict the crystallizability of the HpPrtC protein;the HpPrtC recombinant protein was expressed in the prokaryotic system;the HpPrtC recombinant protein was purified by Ni2+affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography;the crystallization conditions for HpPrtC were screened by crystallization kit.Results:The hp0169 gene contained 1 269 base pairs and encoded the protein of 422 amino acids,the theoretical isoelectric point was 7.64 and the relative molecular weight was 47 300.HpPrtC was a hydrophilic and soluble protein.The number of amino acids of alpha helices of HpPrtC accounted for 35.78%,beta sheets 18.72%,beta turns 6.87%,and random coils 38.63%.The antigen epitope analysis results showed that HpPrtC contained five dominant linear epitopes of B lymphocytes,three conformational epitopes,and multiple potential dominant epitopes of T lymphocytes.The homology modeling results showed that HpPrtC formed a dimer,and each monomer displayed a barrel structure surrounded by β sheets,alpha helices,and random coils.HpPrtC was predicted to have moderate crystallizability without signal peptides and transmembrane helices.Small clustered needle-like crystals of HpPrtC were obtained under the conditions of 0.2 mol·L-1 magnesium chloride,0.1 mol·L-1 tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane(Tris),3.4 mol·L-1 hexanediol,and pH=8.5.Conclusion:HpPrtC is a hydrophilic protein that forms a dimeric structure and crystallizes into small clustered needle-like crystals under suitable conditions.HpPrtC contains dominant antigenic epitopes of the T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and can serve as an antigen for the design of Hp vaccines to establish the multivalent fusion vaccines or multi-epitope vaccines;the results provide an experimental basis for the prevention and control of Hp.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） is a heterogeneous disease with insulin deficiency and insulin resistance （IR） as the main etiology and is often accompanied by complications. Volatile oil is a volatile oily liquid extracted from natural plants， which has many pharmacological effects such as regulating Qi， relieving pain， inhibiting bacteria， and reducing inflammation. In recent years， there have been numerous reports on the treatment of T2DM by natural plant volatile oil and its effective components， which has become one of the new directions in the treatment of T2DM. With natural plant essential oil and its active components as the starting point， this paper comprehensively analyzed and summarized the material basis， mechanism， and signaling pathways of essential oil in the treatment of T2DM and its complications in China and abroad in recent years， and focused on the inhibitory effect of essential oil and its active components， such as carvacrol， paeonol， and β-caryophylene， on IR to improve T2DM by protecting pancreatic β-cells， inhibiting α-glucosidase activity， regulating the abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota， and regulating glucose transporter protein type4 （GLUT4）， adenylate 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathways to provide some references for the volatile oil intervention in T2DM and the development of new green antidiabetic drugs.