Methods: Cervical radiographs were analyzed. EOP hyperplasia was classified into three subtypes with standardized length measurements. Variables encompassed demographics, ONL-related indices, and sagittal parameters. Subtype comparisons and multivariate regression analyses (with EOP length as dependent variable) were conducted. Results: Analysis of 187 CSM patients (64.2% male) identified gender-specific patterns: males exhibited greater EOP length (9.4±6.8 mm vs. 4.6±3.4 mm, p<0.001). Type III EOP demonstrated male predominance (82.4% vs. type I 31.8%, type II 51.4%; p<0.001), with associated longer hyperplasia length (11.6±6.6 mm vs. type II 5.1±1.9 mm, p<0.001). Type III EOP was associated with higher ONL prevalence (type III 64.8% vs. type I 45.5%, type II 41.9%; p=0.010) and longer ONL osteophyte length (type III 18.8±9.8 mm vs. type I 14.2±8.1 mm, type II 14.2±9.4 mm; p=0.046). Multivariate regression confirmed male sex (β=–3.82, p=0.009), ONL osteophyte length (β=0.16, p=0.017), T1 slope (β=0.27, p=0.041), and spino-cranial angle (β=–0.19, p=0.009) as factors independently associated with EOP length (adjusted R²=0.382). Conclusions Severe EOP hyperplasia exhibits a male-predominant distribution pattern and demonstrates significant radiological associations with ONL and cervical sagittal imbalance in CSM patients. These findings advocate for EOP evaluation in clinical evaluations to identify high-risk biomechanical profiles.

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune rheumatic disease that often leads to multisystem diseases,frequently resulting in pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.According to the theory of sanjiao(triple energizers)membranous channels,sanjiao connects the five zang-organs and six fu-viscera internally and the skin,muscles,and bones externally.It serves as a four-way membranous channel that connects internal organs and external structures,linking with the micromembranes of organs and blood vessels.The pathogenesis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis secondary to systemic sclerosis involves external cold obstructing the skin and interstitial layers,impairing the defense qi and defense yang,which originate in the essence of the kidney.This leads to weak defensive qi and kidney deficiency,causing stagnation in sanjiao's energy flow and disruption of water and gasification and loss of fluid,resulting in accumulation of dampness,phlegm,and blood stasis.These obstructive factors spread along sanjiao's membranous channels,leading to multiorgan micromembrane involvement and systemic damage.The lungs,which are in direct contact with the external environment,are particularly susceptible to invasion by external pathogens.When combined with stagnation of dampness,phlegm,and blood in the lungs,this leads to secondary pulmonary fibrosis,resulting in lung dysfunction.Continuous stagnation of sanjiao exacerbates the overall condition of the patient,leading to a mixed cold-heat imbalance.Treatment focuses on"unblocking,transforming,and regulating"to restore sanjiao function,promote qi and fluid circulation,invigorate blood,and adjust the cold-heat imbalance,ultimately restoring the overall condition of the patient.

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune rheumatic disease that often leads to multisystem diseases,frequently resulting in pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.According to the theory of sanjiao(triple energizers)membranous channels,sanjiao connects the five zang-organs and six fu-viscera internally and the skin,muscles,and bones externally.It serves as a four-way membranous channel that connects internal organs and external structures,linking with the micromembranes of organs and blood vessels.The pathogenesis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis secondary to systemic sclerosis involves external cold obstructing the skin and interstitial layers,impairing the defense qi and defense yang,which originate in the essence of the kidney.This leads to weak defensive qi and kidney deficiency,causing stagnation in sanjiao's energy flow and disruption of water and gasification and loss of fluid,resulting in accumulation of dampness,phlegm,and blood stasis.These obstructive factors spread along sanjiao's membranous channels,leading to multiorgan micromembrane involvement and systemic damage.The lungs,which are in direct contact with the external environment,are particularly susceptible to invasion by external pathogens.When combined with stagnation of dampness,phlegm,and blood in the lungs,this leads to secondary pulmonary fibrosis,resulting in lung dysfunction.Continuous stagnation of sanjiao exacerbates the overall condition of the patient,leading to a mixed cold-heat imbalance.Treatment focuses on"unblocking,transforming,and regulating"to restore sanjiao function,promote qi and fluid circulation,invigorate blood,and adjust the cold-heat imbalance,ultimately restoring the overall condition of the patient.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Yifei Sanjie Decoction in the treatment of multiple pulmonary nodules.Methods A prospective randomized controlled clinical study was conducted to select 189 patients with multiple pulmonary nodules who saught medical attention at the Pulmonary Nodule Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2023 to March 2025.According to the random number table method,126 cases were randomly divided into the trial group and 63 cases in the blank control group at a ratio of 2∶1.The trial group was treated with modified Yifei Sanjie Decoction,and the blank control group was only followed up without intervention.The course of treatment was 3 months.The patients in the two groups were reexamined with lung CT after 3 months.The efficacy was evaluated by the area reduction rate of the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules combined with the average diameter and malignant signs.According to the property of the major pulmonary nodules,we divided the patients into ground glass,solid,and mixed ground glass subgroups to evaluate the efficacy of different types of pulmonary nodules.We evaluated the change of malignant risk of pulmonary nodules according to the change of Mayo score.We evaluated the safety of the treatment medicine by blood routine,urine routine,and liver and kidney function.Results A total of 175 patients completed the study,117 in the trial group and 58 in the blank control group.The total effective rates of the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in the trial group were 41.03%and 42.74%,respectively,the total effective rate of nodule number change was 29.91%which were significantly higher than those in the blank control group(P<0.05).In the trial group,the total effective rates of the major pulmonary nodules in the ground glass(72 cases),solid(28 cases),and mixed ground glass(17 cases)subgroups were 40.28%,32.14%,and 58.82%,respectively,the total effective rates of the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules were 38.89%,42.86%,and 58.82%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in corresponding subgroups of ground glass(37 cases),solid(14 cases),and mixed ground glass(7 cases)of the blank control(P<0.05).After treatment,the average diameter,area,and Mayo score of the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in the trial group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and before treatment(P<0.05),the average diameter,area,and Mayo score of the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in the ground glass,solid,and mixed ground glass subgroups were lower than those in corresponding subgroups of the blank control group,and significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).The number of nodules and malignant signs in the trial group were lower than before,while those in the blank control group were higher than before.There were no serious adverse events in the two groups during the study.Conclusion Yifei Sanjie Decoction can effectively treat the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules,reduce the average diameter and area of nodules,reduce the Mayo score,and reduce the malignant signs and number of nodules.In the ground glass,solid,and mixed ground glass groups,the curative effect is well,and the safety is high,it can be used for the clinical treatment of multiple pulmonary nodules.

BACKGROUND:Prostaglandin E2 is a lipid signaling molecule involved in pain and inflammatory responses,can enhance tissue repair and regeneration after injury in various organ systems and directly targets muscle satellite cells through the EP receptor family,promoting their proliferation,differentiation,and migration.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the process,mechanisms,and practical applications of prostaglandin E2 in promoting skeletal muscle repair and regeneration.METHODS:A search was conducted in Web of Science,PubMed,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)for relevant literature from the inception of the databases up to the present.The English search terms included"Muscle,Skeletal,Skeletal Muscle*,Voluntary Muscle*,Dinoprostone,PGE2*,Prostaglandin E2,Injur*,repair,"while the Chinese search terms were"Skeletal Muscle,Injury,Repair,Prostaglandin E2,PGE2."A total of 50 articles were included and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Prostaglandin E2 is of great significance for the timely and effective repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle,as well as the restoration of its function.It can regulate the proliferation and self-renewal of muscle stem cells through the CREB-MPP7-AMOT pathway,accelerate the G1-S transition during the interphase of cell division,and regulate reactive oxygen species to promote the proliferation of primary myoblasts.Furthermore,exogenous means of inhibiting prostaglandin E2 degradation can promote muscle regeneration,and sustained-release methods can extend the half-life of prostaglandin E2.

Objective:To design and develop a cone-beam CT imaging system for small animals with continuously adjustable spatial resolution.Methods:The imaging system used an X-ray source with a focal spot size of 30 μm and a flat panel detector with a pixel size of 100 μm. On this premise, a " stepping-focusing-rotating" image acquisition mode was proposed, in which the " focusing" and " stepping" systems were sequentially embedded in the " rotating" system. In this acquisition mode, the X-ray source and flat panel detector were relatively stationary to form the " focusing" system. When the " stepping" system accurately transported the object to the scanning position, the " focusing" system could achieve adjustable spatial resolution by making linear motion around the object to be scanned according to different experimental requirements. Finally the " rotating" system achieve high-quality imaging.Results:The variable spatial resolution of small animal CBCT ranges from 35.7 μm to 71.4 μm, and the FOV ranges from 39.6 mm to 108.0 mm. The conversion time for the limit spatial resolution is 19.125 s, which allowed accurate 3D reconstruction of normal mice at different resolutions with high reproducibility.Conclusions:A cone-beam CT suitable for small animals has been developed, whose spatial resolution and FOV can be adjusted arbitrarily within a certain range, which can meet the different imaging requirements in rodent experiments.

Objective:To comprehensively retrieve and evaluate the best available evidence on perioperative fluid management in patients undergoing hepatectomy for liver cancer, and to provide references for clinical practice.Methods:A systematic search was conducted across multiple platforms, including UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data, for clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus, systematic reviews, evidence summaries, and randomized controlled trials related to perioperative fluid management in patients undergoing hepatectomy for liver cancer. The search period was from database inception to March 13, 2024. The 2014 version of the Joanna Briggs Institute evidence pre-grading and recommendation grading system was used to classify the evidence.Results:A total of 14 articles were included: 3 clinical decision articles, 3 guidelines, 1 evidence summary, 5 expert consensuses, 1 systematic review, and 1 randomized controlled trial. A total of 27 best evidence items were extracted, covering seven aspects: principles of fluid therapy, preoperative fluid management, intraoperative fluid management, postoperative fluid management, fluid type selection, assessment and monitoring, and training and education.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence on perioperative fluid management for hepatectomy in liver cancer patients and provides an evidence-based reference for clinical nursing practice. Healthcare professionals should apply the evidence in a personalized manner based on the actual clinical context to promote scientific fluid management in the perioperative period.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Yifei Sanjie Decoction in the treatment of multiple pulmonary nodules.Methods A prospective randomized controlled clinical study was conducted to select 189 patients with multiple pulmonary nodules who saught medical attention at the Pulmonary Nodule Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2023 to March 2025.According to the random number table method,126 cases were randomly divided into the trial group and 63 cases in the blank control group at a ratio of 2∶1.The trial group was treated with modified Yifei Sanjie Decoction,and the blank control group was only followed up without intervention.The course of treatment was 3 months.The patients in the two groups were reexamined with lung CT after 3 months.The efficacy was evaluated by the area reduction rate of the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules combined with the average diameter and malignant signs.According to the property of the major pulmonary nodules,we divided the patients into ground glass,solid,and mixed ground glass subgroups to evaluate the efficacy of different types of pulmonary nodules.We evaluated the change of malignant risk of pulmonary nodules according to the change of Mayo score.We evaluated the safety of the treatment medicine by blood routine,urine routine,and liver and kidney function.Results A total of 175 patients completed the study,117 in the trial group and 58 in the blank control group.The total effective rates of the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in the trial group were 41.03%and 42.74%,respectively,the total effective rate of nodule number change was 29.91%which were significantly higher than those in the blank control group(P<0.05).In the trial group,the total effective rates of the major pulmonary nodules in the ground glass(72 cases),solid(28 cases),and mixed ground glass(17 cases)subgroups were 40.28%,32.14%,and 58.82%,respectively,the total effective rates of the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules were 38.89%,42.86%,and 58.82%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in corresponding subgroups of ground glass(37 cases),solid(14 cases),and mixed ground glass(7 cases)of the blank control(P<0.05).After treatment,the average diameter,area,and Mayo score of the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in the trial group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and before treatment(P<0.05),the average diameter,area,and Mayo score of the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in the ground glass,solid,and mixed ground glass subgroups were lower than those in corresponding subgroups of the blank control group,and significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).The number of nodules and malignant signs in the trial group were lower than before,while those in the blank control group were higher than before.There were no serious adverse events in the two groups during the study.Conclusion Yifei Sanjie Decoction can effectively treat the major pulmonary nodules and the cumulative multiple pulmonary nodules in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules,reduce the average diameter and area of nodules,reduce the Mayo score,and reduce the malignant signs and number of nodules.In the ground glass,solid,and mixed ground glass groups,the curative effect is well,and the safety is high,it can be used for the clinical treatment of multiple pulmonary nodules.

Objective:To comprehensively retrieve and evaluate the best available evidence on perioperative fluid management in patients undergoing hepatectomy for liver cancer, and to provide references for clinical practice.Methods:A systematic search was conducted across multiple platforms, including UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data, for clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus, systematic reviews, evidence summaries, and randomized controlled trials related to perioperative fluid management in patients undergoing hepatectomy for liver cancer. The search period was from database inception to March 13, 2024. The 2014 version of the Joanna Briggs Institute evidence pre-grading and recommendation grading system was used to classify the evidence.Results:A total of 14 articles were included: 3 clinical decision articles, 3 guidelines, 1 evidence summary, 5 expert consensuses, 1 systematic review, and 1 randomized controlled trial. A total of 27 best evidence items were extracted, covering seven aspects: principles of fluid therapy, preoperative fluid management, intraoperative fluid management, postoperative fluid management, fluid type selection, assessment and monitoring, and training and education.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence on perioperative fluid management for hepatectomy in liver cancer patients and provides an evidence-based reference for clinical nursing practice. Healthcare professionals should apply the evidence in a personalized manner based on the actual clinical context to promote scientific fluid management in the perioperative period.

Objective To investigate the features of resting-state electroencephalography(EEG)in stroke patients with limited upper limb movement,and assess its potential utility in evaluating upper limb motor function.Methods From March to August,2024,a total of 71 stroke patients with limited upper limb movement were enrolled as stroke group at the Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;while 63 healthy participants matched for age and sex were recruited as control group.They were tested with 19-chan-nel resting-state EEG(rsEEG),calculating of the pairwise derived brain symmetry index(pdBSI)and Delta/Al-pha ratio(DAR).The motor function was assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities(FMA-UE),the upper limb recovery was evaluated with Brunnstrom Stages and the activities of daily living was assessed with modified Barthel index(MBI)in stroke patients,Results Compared with the control group,the pdBSI of Global lead,Frontal region,Central region and Posterior region across Delta,Alpha and Beta1 frequency bands were significantly higher in the stroke group than in the control group(|Z|>2.289,P<0.05);as well as the pdBSI of Global lead,Central region and Posterior region across The-ta bands(|Z|>3.016,P<0.01),the pdBSI of Global lead,Frontal region,Central region and Posterior region across Beta2 bands(|Z|>3.222,P<0.01),DAR of Global lead,Frontal region,Central region and Posterior re-gion(|Z|>6.565,P<0.001).In the stroke group,the pdBSI of Global lead(r=-0.280,P=0.018)and Central region(r=-0.304,P=0.010)across the Delta band were significantly negatively correlated with FMA-UE,as well as the pdBSI of Global leads(r=-0.289,P=0.014),Central region(r=-0.244,P=0.040)and Posterior region(r=-0.356,P=0.002)across the Beta1 band,and the DAR of Global lead(r=-0.431,P<0.001),Fron-tal region(r=-0.429,P<0.001),Central region(r=-0.491,P<0.001)and Posterior region(r=-0.482,P<0.001).Conclusion Asymmetry in spectral power between hemispheres in the Delta(0.5 to 4 Hz)and Beta(13 to 20 Hz)bands is found in stroke patients,especially in the central region,which correlates with upper limb function limitations.pdBSI Delta,pdBSI Beta1 and DAR are potential neuroelectrophysiological markers for assessing upper limb motor function in stroke patients.