Objective:To design and develop a cone-beam CT imaging system for small animals with continuously adjustable spatial resolution.Methods:The imaging system used an X-ray source with a focal spot size of 30 μm and a flat panel detector with a pixel size of 100 μm. On this premise, a " stepping-focusing-rotating" image acquisition mode was proposed, in which the " focusing" and " stepping" systems were sequentially embedded in the " rotating" system. In this acquisition mode, the X-ray source and flat panel detector were relatively stationary to form the " focusing" system. When the " stepping" system accurately transported the object to the scanning position, the " focusing" system could achieve adjustable spatial resolution by making linear motion around the object to be scanned according to different experimental requirements. Finally the " rotating" system achieve high-quality imaging.Results:The variable spatial resolution of small animal CBCT ranges from 35.7 μm to 71.4 μm, and the FOV ranges from 39.6 mm to 108.0 mm. The conversion time for the limit spatial resolution is 19.125 s, which allowed accurate 3D reconstruction of normal mice at different resolutions with high reproducibility.Conclusions:A cone-beam CT suitable for small animals has been developed, whose spatial resolution and FOV can be adjusted arbitrarily within a certain range, which can meet the different imaging requirements in rodent experiments.

Objective:To design and develop a cone-beam CT imaging system for small animals with continuously adjustable spatial resolution.Methods:The imaging system used an X-ray source with a focal spot size of 30 μm and a flat panel detector with a pixel size of 100 μm. On this premise, a " stepping-focusing-rotating" image acquisition mode was proposed, in which the " focusing" and " stepping" systems were sequentially embedded in the " rotating" system. In this acquisition mode, the X-ray source and flat panel detector were relatively stationary to form the " focusing" system. When the " stepping" system accurately transported the object to the scanning position, the " focusing" system could achieve adjustable spatial resolution by making linear motion around the object to be scanned according to different experimental requirements. Finally the " rotating" system achieve high-quality imaging.Results:The variable spatial resolution of small animal CBCT ranges from 35.7 μm to 71.4 μm, and the FOV ranges from 39.6 mm to 108.0 mm. The conversion time for the limit spatial resolution is 19.125 s, which allowed accurate 3D reconstruction of normal mice at different resolutions with high reproducibility.Conclusions:A cone-beam CT suitable for small animals has been developed, whose spatial resolution and FOV can be adjusted arbitrarily within a certain range, which can meet the different imaging requirements in rodent experiments.

Objective Photoelectric volumetric tracing(PPG)exhibits high sensitivity and specificity in flap monitoring.Deep learning(DL)is capable of automatically and robustly extracting features from raw data.In this study,we propose combining PPG with 1D convolutional neural networks(1D-CNN)to preliminarily explore the method's ability to distinguish the degree of embolism and to localize the embolic site in skin flap arteries.Methods Data were collected under normal conditions and various embolic scenarios by creating vascular emboli in a dermatome artery model and a rabbit dermatome model.These datasets were then trained,validated,and tested using 1D-CNN.Results As the degree of arterial embolization increased,the PPG amplitude upstream of the embolization site progressively increased,while the downstream amplitude progressively decreased,and the gap between the upstream and downstream amplitudes at the embolization site progressively widened.1D-CNN was evaluated in the skin flap arterial model and rabbit skin flap model,achieving average accuracies of 98.36%and 95.90%,respectively.Conclusion The combined monitoring approach of DL and PPG can effectively identify the degree of embolism and locate the embolic site within the skin flap artery.

The technology of three-dimensional(3D)printing emerged in the late 1970s and has since undergone considerable development to find numerous applications in mechanical engineering,industrial design,and biomedicine.In biomedical science,several studies have initially found that 3D printing technology can play an important role in the treatment of diseases in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.For example,3D printing technology has been applied to create detailed anatomical models of disease organs for preoperative personalized surgical strategies,surgical simulation,intraoperative navigation,medical training,and patient education.Moreover,cancer models have been created using 3D printing technology for the research and selection of chemotherapy drugs.With the aim to clarify the development and application of 3D printing technology in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery,we introduce seven common types of 3D printing technology and review the status of research and application of 3D printing technology in the field of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of severe infant botulism and evaluate the therapeutic effect of botulinum antitoxin in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods:The clinical data of 8 cases diagnosed with infantile botulism were retrospectively analyzed in the PICU of Beijing Children′s Hospital from October 2019 to August 2023. Data of basic demographic information, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatment and prognosis of each child were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results:Eight laboratory-confirmed cases of infant botulism were included in this study, all of which were male infants with an age of 6.0 (3.3,6.8) months. Three of the children were from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2 of them were from Hebei, and the other 3 were from Beijing, Shandong and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, respectively. All the patients were previously healthy. In 4 of these cases, the possible cause was the ingestion of either honey and its products or sealed pickled food by the mother or child before the onset of the disease. The first symptom was poor milk intake (4 cases), followed by shallow shortness of breath (7 cases), limb weakness (7 cases) and so on. The typical signs were bilateral dilated pupils (8 cases) and decreased limb muscle strength (8 cases). The main subtype was type B (7 cases), and only 1 case was classified as type A. Six of the children were treated with antitoxin therapy for a duration of 24 (19, 49) d. Seven of them had invasive mechanical ventilation. All the patients survived upon discharge with a follow-up period of 29 d to 3 years and 8 months. Six patients had fully recovered, and 2 recently discharged patients were gradually recovering.Conclusions:For infants with suspected contact or ingestion of botulinum and presented with bilateral pupillary paralysis, muscle weakness and clear consciousness, the stool should be collected for diagnostic testing using a mouse bioassay as soon as possible. Type B was the most common type. The antitoxin treatment was effectiveness and the prognosis was well.

BACKGROUND: Exploring the underlying mechanism of rituximab resistance is critical to improve the outcomes of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we tried to identify the effects of the axon guidance factor semaphorin-3F (SEMA3F) on rituximab resistance as well as its therapeutic value in DLBCL. METHODS: The effects of SEMA3F on the treatment response to rituximab were investigated by gain- or loss-of-function experiments. The role of the Hippo pathway in SEMA3F-mediated activity was explored. A xenograft mouse model generated by SEMA3F knockdown in cells was used to evaluate rituximab sensitivity and combined therapeutic effects. The prognostic value of SEMA3F and TAZ (WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1) was examined in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and human DLBCL specimens. RESULTS: We found that loss of SEMA3F was related to a poor prognosis in patients who received rituximab-based immunochemotherapy instead of chemotherapy regimen. Knockdown of SEMA3F significantly repressed the expression of CD20 and reduced the proapoptotic activity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activity induced by rituximab. We further demonstrated that the Hippo pathway was involved in the SEMA3F-mediated regulation of CD20. Knockdown of SEMA3F expression induced the nuclear accumulation of TAZ and inhibited CD20 transcriptional levels via direct binding of the transcription factor TEAD2 and the CD20 promoter. Moreover, in patients with DLBCL, SEMA3F expression was negatively correlated with TAZ, and patients with SEMA3F low TAZ high had a limited benefit from a rituximab-based strategy. Specifically, treatment of DLBCL cells with rituximab and a YAP/TAZ inhibitor showed promising therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo . CONCLUSION Our study thus defined a previously unknown mechanism of SEMA3F-mediated rituximab resistance through TAZ activation in DLBCL and identified potential therapeutic targets in patients.
Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Rituximab/therapeutic use* ; Hippo Signaling Pathway ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Semaphorins/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics*

Objective:To analyze the changes in the prevalence and disability burden of mental disorders in the Chinese population from 1990 to 2019 and to provide a reference for reducing the health hazards of mental disorders.Methods:Based on the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019)in China, the burden of mental disorders and disabilities in different age, gender, and provinces of the Chinese population in 2019 was analyzed. The changes in prevalence and years of life lived with disability(YLDs) of mental disorders between 1990 and 2019 were compared.Results:In 2019, the prevalence rate of mental disorders in the 50-69 age group in China was the highest (13.2%, 48.53 million patients), and the 0-14 age group was the lowest (7.3%, 16.456 million patients); the overall number of YLDs in women was higher than that in men (10.910/9.382 million person-years). In 2019, the number of patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia were 50.056 million, 47.842 million, and 5.499 million, respectively. The standardized prevalence of the three disorders was 2.7%, 3.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. Compared with 1990, the standardized prevalence of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders decreased by 9.1% and 9.8%, respectively, and the standardized prevalence rate of schizophrenia increased by 3.1%. In 2019, the top three provinces with standardized prevalence of mental disorders in China were Hunan (12.2%), Gansu (12.1%), and Ningxia (11.8%), and the number of people with mental disorders in these three provinces 8.901 million, 3.364 million, and 873 000, respectively. Three provinces with the top standardized YLDs rate were Shandong (1 470.0/10 5), Gansu (1 415.6/10 5), and Hunan (1 399.3/10 5). Conclusion:Mental disorders are essential disease threatening the Chinese population's physical and mental health.In 2019, the disability burden of mental disorders in China remained high. The burden of mental disorders and disabilities in women is more serious. Early intervention measures should be taken to reduce the disability burden of mental disorders.

Objective:To analyze the changes in the prevalence and disability burden of mental disorders in the Chinese population from 1990 to 2019 and to provide a reference for reducing the health hazards of mental disorders.Methods:Based on the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019)in China, the burden of mental disorders and disabilities in different age, gender, and provinces of the Chinese population in 2019 was analyzed. The changes in prevalence and years of life lived with disability(YLDs) of mental disorders between 1990 and 2019 were compared.Results:In 2019, the prevalence rate of mental disorders in the 50-69 age group in China was the highest (13.2%, 48.53 million patients), and the 0-14 age group was the lowest (7.3%, 16.456 million patients); the overall number of YLDs in women was higher than that in men (10.910/9.382 million person-years). In 2019, the number of patients with depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia were 50.056 million, 47.842 million, and 5.499 million, respectively. The standardized prevalence of the three disorders was 2.7%, 3.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. Compared with 1990, the standardized prevalence of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders decreased by 9.1% and 9.8%, respectively, and the standardized prevalence rate of schizophrenia increased by 3.1%. In 2019, the top three provinces with standardized prevalence of mental disorders in China were Hunan (12.2%), Gansu (12.1%), and Ningxia (11.8%), and the number of people with mental disorders in these three provinces 8.901 million, 3.364 million, and 873 000, respectively. Three provinces with the top standardized YLDs rate were Shandong (1 470.0/10 5), Gansu (1 415.6/10 5), and Hunan (1 399.3/10 5). Conclusion:Mental disorders are essential disease threatening the Chinese population's physical and mental health.In 2019, the disability burden of mental disorders in China remained high. The burden of mental disorders and disabilities in women is more serious. Early intervention measures should be taken to reduce the disability burden of mental disorders.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease that affects women of childbearing age and may lead to infertility. With the progress of medical technology, there are more and more studies on endometriosis, but the technical methods that can be used to evaluate the disease are lack of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, so they still face difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Proteomics can not only study diseases from the perspective of physiology and pathology, but also play an important role in understanding the different proteins involved in the development of diseases and their changes. Follicular fluid is an important secretion containing many kinds of proteins produced by oocytes, granulosa cells and theca cells in human body. Therefore, this review summarizes the research progress of endometriosis from the study of proteomics in follicular fluid.