Traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome (TSOFS) is a symptom complex caused by nerve entrapment in the supraorbital fissure after skull base trauma. If the compressed cranial nerve in the supraorbital fissure is not decompressed surgically, ptosis, diplopia and eye movement disorder may exist for a long time and seriously affect the patients′ quality of life. Since its overall incidence is not high, it is not familiarized with the majority of neurosurgeons and some TSOFS may be complicated with skull base vascular injury. If the supraorbital fissure surgery is performed without treatment of vascular injury, it may cause massive hemorrhage, and disability and even life-threatening in severe cases. At present, there is no consensus or guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS that can be referred to both domestically and internationally. To improve the understanding of TSOFS among clinical physicians and establish standardized diagnosis and treatment plans, the Skull Base Trauma Group of the Neurorepair Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Neurosurgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Neurotrauma Group of the Traumatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic supraorbital fissure syndrome ( version 2024) based on evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment. This consensus puts forward 12 recommendations on the diagnosis, classification, treatment, efficacy evaluation and follow-up of TSOFS, aiming to provide references for neurosurgeons from hospitals of all levels to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of TSOFS.

Objective:The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship among atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and inflammatory adipocytokines with the severity of coronary artery calcification (CAC) score in coronary artery disease (CAD). And then we analyzed the diagnostic value of the new markers on CAC.Methods:A total of 241 patients with CAD diagnosed by coronary CT angiography (CTA) and coronary angiography in Baoding First Central Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. According to the presence of calcification in coronary CTA, they were divided into CAC group ( n=63) and non-CAC group ( n=178). The clinical data of the patients were collected, and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between CAC score and AIP and inflammatory cytokines was analyzed. The diagnostic value of AIP and inflammatory factors in the formation of CAC in patients with CAD. Results:The levels of AIP, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in CAC group were higher than those in non-CAC group, while the levels of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were lower than those in non-CAC group, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that CAC score of CAD patients was positively correlated with AIP, OPG and COMP ( r=0.581, 0.451, 0.326, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with FGF21 ( r=-0.294, P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that AIP, OPG, COMP and FGF21 had diagnostic value for CAC in CAD patients (all P<0.05). AIP>0.387, OPG>5.150 ng/ml, FGF21>136.35 pg/ml, COMP>733.16 ng/ml were independent factors affecting the formation of CAC (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The increase of AIP and the change of inflammatory factors can be used as markers for the diagnosis of CAC formation in CAD patients.

The phenomenon of phase separation of intracellular biological macromolecules is an emerging research field that has received great attention in recent years. As an aggregation and compartment mechanism of cell biochemical reactions, it widely exists in nature and participates in important physiological processes such as gene transcription and regulation, as well as influences organism's response to external stimuli. Disequilibrium of phase separation may lead to the occurrence of some major diseases. Researchers in cross-cutting fields are trying to examine dementia and other related diseases from a new perspective of phase separation, exploring its molecular mechanism and the potential possibility of intervention and treatment. This review intends to introduce the latest research progress in this field, summarize the major research directions, biochemical basis, its relationship with disease occurrence, and giving a future perspective of key problems to focus on.
Animals ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; trends ; Cytoplasm ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; isolation & purification ; Research ; trends

Objective:To explore the predictive value of regional leptomeningeal collateral circulation scale (rLMC) based on multimodal CT in recanalization of blood vessels in patients with acute ischemic stroke after thrombectomy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of patients with acute ischemic stroke within 6 h of first onset, admitted to our hospital from October 2017 to December 2019. Before operation, the conditions of their vessels were evaluated by rLMC based on multimodal CT. Two areas, anterior cerebral artery (ACA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) area and posterior cerebral artery (PCA)-MCA area, were divided. The total rLMC scores of two areas (0-10) were calculated: scores of 0-3, scores of 4-7, scores of 8-10. After admission, the recanalization of the blood vessels after thrombectomy was evaluated immediately according to grading of thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) after completion of thrombectomy within the time window; TICI grading≥II was defined as succeed recanalization. The correlation between rLMC scores and vascular recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke was evaluated.Results:Among the 80 patients, 17 were in the rLMC scores of 0-3 group, 25 in the group of rLMC scores of 4-7, and 38 in the group of rLMC scores of 8-10; 68 patients (85.00%) had vascular recanalization, and the success rate of vascular recanalization in patients from the group of rLMC scores of 8-10 was significantly higher than that in the group of rLMC scores of 0-3 (97.36% vs. 58.82%, P<0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that the rLMC score was positively correlated with success rate of vascular recanalization ( r s=0.625, P=0.000); whose sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 89.5%, 90.9%, 94.45%, 83.3% and 90.0%, respectively. Conclusion:The rLMC is closely related to the recanalization rate in patients with acute ischemic stroke after thrombectomy; the success rate of recanalization after intravascular treatment is relatively high in patients with rLMC scores of 8-10.

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-124 in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines LN229 and LN229R,as well as the regulatory mechanism of miR-124 on radiosensitivity of LN229R cells.Methods miR-124 mimic (miR-124) and negative control (miR-NC),STAT3 overexpression plasmid (STAT3) and pcDNA3.1 vector (pcDNA) were transfected or co-transfected into radioresistant glioma cells LN229R.qRT-PCR was employed to analyze the expression of miR-124 in LN229 and LN229R cells.The survival rate and sensitivity-related parameters of LN229R cells at different doses were analyzed by cloning formation assay.Cell apoptosis of LN229R was evaluated by flow cytometry.Targeting gene of miR-124 was predicted using Targetscan software and verified by the double-luciferase reporter assay.Western blot assay was performed to detect STAT3 protein expression.Results The expression of miR-124 in LN229R cells (0.32 ± 0.03) was significantly lower than that in LN229 cells (1.02 ± 0.09) (t =12.780,P＜0.05).Transfection of miR-124 mimics promoted the expression of miR-124 in LN229R cells (4.02±0.39) compared with miR-NC group (0.95±0.06) (t=13.476,P＜0.05).After 8 Gy irradiation,the survival rate of LN229R cells transfected with miR-124 mimics (0.003 ± 0.000 4) was significantly lower than that in miR-NC group (0.033±0.005 0) (t=5.655,P＜0.05),and the apoptosis rate (22.34±2.42) ％ was significantly higher than that in miR-NC group (4.69 ± 0.51) ％ (t =12.361,P＜0.05).STAT3 was identified to be a target gene of miR-124.Exogenous restoration of STAT3 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-124 on LN229R cell survival.Conclusion miR-124 increases the radiosensitivity of LN229R cells by targeting STAT3.

Objective: To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) knockdown on proliferation, invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and explore the mechanism. Methods: The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and human lung cancer cell lines (A549, H1299, H358 and H1993) were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression level of HO-1 in human lung adenocarcinoma specimens. The HO-1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was transfected into A549 cells by RNA interference technique. HO-1 stably deleted A549 cells were selected (HO-1 shRNA group) and verified by RT-qPCR and western blot. HO-1 shRNA A549 cells and control shRNA A549 cells were treated with the inducer of autophagy Torin1 or its inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1), respectively. The expressions of autophagic markers LC3B and p62 were determined by western blot. The proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of each group of A549 cells were assessed by cell counting, Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. Results: The expressions of HO-1 mRNA in lung cancer cell lines (A549, H1299, H358 and H1993) were significantly higher than that of HBECs, and HO-1 upregulated in human lung adenocarcinoma. The expression of p62 protein and the ratio of LC3B-Ⅱ/ LC3B-Ⅰ in no treatment group, Torin1 treatment group and Baf A1 treatment group were significantly higher than those of the corresponding control group (P<0.05). After 11 days of culture, the number of cells in HO-1 shRNA group were 41.8%, 30.4% and 14.0% of the corresponding control group, respectively. The number of lower chamber cells in HO-1 shRNA group were (35.7±2.1), (27.0±1.0) and (38.0±1.0)/field, respectively, which were lower than (66.0±9.2), (39.3±1.2) and (43.0±2.6)/field of the corresponding control group, respectively (P<0.05). The migration distances of HO-1 shRNA group were (7.47±0.91) mm, (4.23±0.82) mm and (5.42±0.24) mm, which were lower than (10.07±1.26) mm, (7.14±0.07) mm and (12.04±0.80) mm of the corresponding control groups, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Knockdown of HO-1 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of A549 cells by impeding autophagy.

Objective To reveal the mechanisms of immunological infertility,the method of coimmunoprecipitation(CO-IP) and liquid chromatogram mass/mass (LC-MS/MS) was used to screen sperm membrane proteins which interacting with antisperm antibodies (ASA).Methods This study was designed as a case-control.The disease group including 56 serum samples from 521 cryptogenic infertile patients were screened ASA positive by ELISA and conformed with mixed antiglobulin reaction(MAR).The controls were 31 serum samples which ASA is negative and already possessed healthy offspring.All subjects were enrolled from September 2015 to December 2015 in China PLA General Hospital.Spermatozoa samples from 48donors with normal sperm parameters were from January 2016 to April 2016 in China PLA General Hospital.The purified human sperm membrane proteins were then mixed with serum from disease group (positive for ASA) and control group (not containing ASA).The binding proteins of antisperm antibodies were enriched using CO-IP assay.The immunoprecipitates were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyactylamide gel (SDS-PAGE),then the binding proteins were cut from the gel and analyzed by LC-MS/MS after the enzymolysis.These proteins could bc idcntified as definition,biological function (s) and subccllular localization with Uniprot database.Results The serum samples from infertile persons (39 females and 17males) were screened ASA positive by ELISA and conformed with MAR.The healthy controls (17 females and 14 males) were ASA-negative in ELISA.Forty proteins that interact with ASA were obtained from the study and these could be divided into three groups:11 antigens detected by control serum samples only,14antigens recognised by both infertile patients and control sera,and 15 antigens specific for patients with ASA.These 15 proteins are Sperm Cation channcl protein 1,Sperm Cation channel protein 3,Sperm Cation channel protein 4,Sperm associated antigen 9,Apolipoprotein A-I,Dynein heavy chain 14,Cylicin-2,Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 4,Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 2,IQ domain-containing protein H,IQ domain-containing protein F1,Spermatogenesis-associated protein 5,Spermatogenesis-associated protein 5-like protein 1,Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1,E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF 114.Conclusion Fifteen proteins discovered with CO-IP technology and LC-MS/MS analysis could be referred as male immunoinfertility-related antigens and they may hold the great importance in revealing the secret of immunological infertility.

Objective To explore the diagnostic evidence and treatment strategies for steroid-resistant acute rejection (SRAR) after orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed among 1038 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation in our hospital from January 2004 to December 2013.A total of 169 acute rejection (AR) episodes occurred in 153 patients.Sixteen of the patients were diagnosed with SRAR because of no response to large-dose steroid pulse therapy.The diagnosis and treatment of the 16 patients were analyzed retrospectively.Comparison of data was made by x2 test or t test,and a P value of＜0.05 was considered to be significant.Results The incidence of AR after liver transplantation was 14.74％ (153/1038) in all the patients.The incidence of SRAR was 9.47％ (16/169) in patients with AR.In the 16 patients with SRAR,3 were treated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3),9 were treated with monoclonal antibody against IL-2 receptor,and 4 received antithymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy.After treatment,SRAR was reversed in 12 of the 16 patients and caused death of the other 4 patients,yielding a reversal rate of 75％ and a mortality rate of 25％.Conclusion SRAR after liver transplantation has a low incidence rate but poor prognosis.The diagnosis of SRAR is mainly based on the clinical manifestation,laboratory test,liver biopsy,and poor response or rejection to methyl prednisolone pulse therapy.ATG and OKT3 achieve substantial outcomes in most of the patients in the treatment of SRAR.Particularly,compared with OKT3,ATG achieves a higher reversal rate and fewer adverse reactions,which is expected to become the first-line treatment of SRAR.

BACKGROUNDHerpes simplex keratitis (HSK) caused by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which has high recurrent rate and incidence of severe vision loss, is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the world. The aim was to explore the clinical efficacy of oral ganciclovir (GCV) in the prevention of recurrent HSK.

METHODSA multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind, and controlled clinical trial was conducted from April 2010 to June 2013. One hundred seventy-three patients (173 eyes involved) who were diagnosed as recurrent HSK definitely, including stromal keratitis and corneal endotheliitis, were divided into three groups randomly: negative control (placebo) group was topically administered with 0.15% GCV ophthalmic gel, 4 times per day and 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops, 3 times per day until resolution of HSK; positive control acyclovir (ACV) group was topically adopted the same ophthalmic gel and eye drops and additionally received oral ACV 400 mg 5 times a day for 10 weeks and followed by 400 mg 2 times per day for 6 months; test GCV group was topically adopted the same treatment as negative control group and additionally received oral GCV 1000 mg 3 times per day for 8 weeks. The symptoms and signs were evaluated before and after the therapy 1 st week, 2 nd week and then followed up every 2 weeks until recovery. Furthermore, we followed up recurrence of HSK for every 3 months after recovery and then assessed the cure time, recurrent rate and adverse reactions.

RESULTSOne hundred and seventy-three patients were followed up 7-48 months (mean 32.1 ± 12.3 months), but 34 patients were failed to follow-up. The cure time was 12.1 ± 4.3, 11.9 ± 4.0 weeks in negative control (placebo) group and positive control ACV group respectively (P = 0.991), which was longer than that in test GCV group (8.6 ± 2.8 weeks) and there was a significant difference between test GCV group and negative control (placebo) group or positive control ACV group (P = 0.000). Furthermore, the recurrent rate was higher in negative control (placebo) group (47.3%) than that in positive control group ACV (26.7%) and test GCV group (17.2%), and there was a great significant difference among the three groups (P = 0.007), but there was no significant difference between positive control ACV group and test GCV group (P = 0.358). In addition, there was no obvious adverse reaction expect neutropenia (only one patient in test GCV group).

CONCLUSIONShort-term oral GCV could cure recurrent HSK and endotheliitis, shorten the course, reduce recurrent rate of HSK and have confirmed safety.

Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Ganciclovir ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Keratitis, Herpetic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Single-Blind Method ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND:The living standard of farmers and herdsmen in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China is significantly lower than that of urban residents in general. Meanwhile, the shortage of doctors and medicines and lack of medical knowledge are the main reasons for local farmers and herdsmen to suffer from knee osteoarthritis. Most of the farmers and herdsmen are not aware of or prevent knee osteoarthritis in the early days to remove pathogenic factors, which results in a serious condition at the time of their medical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the main pathogenic factors of knee osteoarthritis in Uygur, Kazakh and Han populations in pastoral areas of northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.METHODS:The permanent residents of Uygur, Kazakh and Han ethnic groups in northern Xinjiang, China who met the criteria were selected by the method of stratified, multistage and cluster random sampling during June 2012 to October 2014. The investigation of knee osteoarthritis was conducted among al the residents who meet the inclusion criteria using the method of home scene closed questionnaire. X-ray lateral plain film examination of the knee joint was performed among the patients presenting with the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. The database was established. The multi-factor and unconditional Logistic regression analysis was conducted among the 40 variables using SPSS 20.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 3 402 of 3 540 questionnaires were valid. The Logistic regression analysis suggest that the common pathogenic factors in Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnic groups are associated with older ages, female gender, high body mass and drink alcohol. Smoking, history of internal disease, high education level, standing position, climbing, trauma, family history, fried food, housing conditions and amenorrhea, different nationalities, churchgoing of ethnic minorities are also the major risk factors. Among the three ethnic groups, the prevalence of female patients in Uygur and Kazak ethnic groups is significantly higher than that of Chinese Han nationality. The morbidity is different among these three nationalities. The dietary preferences cannot be determined as the related influencing factor of knee osteoarthritis. Whether the means of transportation, residence climate and environment, the number of pregnancies and deliveries, drinking tea or not, the type of tea are related to knee osteoarthritis remains unclear.