Objective: To compare the consistency between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) in measuring body composition among Tibetan children and adolescents and to explore the applicability of BIA in plateau region, so as to provide scientific and convenient body composition measurement support among children and adolescents. Methods: From May to June, 2022, a total of 344 Tibetan children and adolescents aged 6-17 years were selected from Golmud Municipal National Middle School and Changjiangyuan Nationality Primary School in Qinghai Province by cluster sampling method, and their fat mass, fat mass percentage and lean mass were measured by DXA and BIA. The consistency and correlation between the two methods were assessed by using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Spearman correlation analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: DXA measured fat mass and fat mass percentage were significantly higher than those obtained by BIA (6-12 years old: Z =9.91, 11.28; 13-17 years old: Z =9.02, 10.21), while lean mass and lean mass percentage were significantly lower than BIA results (6-12 years old: Z =-11.60, -11.30; 13-17 years old: Z =-10.77, -10.36) (all P < 0.05 ). The two methods showed strong correlations in fat mass and lean mass (all r >0.80, all ICC >0.90), but exhibited poor agreement in fat mass percentage and lean mass percentage (6-12 years old: Lin s CCC =0.64, 0.41; 13-17 years old: Lin s CCC = 0.79 , 0.35). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the difference between the two methods was negatively correlated with the average value in FM%(6-12 years old: r =-0.75, 13-17 years old: r =-0.79, both P <0.01). Conclusion BIA and DXA show high consistency in measuring body fat mass and lean body mass in Tibetan children and adolescents, although some bias is still present in certain individuals.

Objective To systematically analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and epidemiological trends of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) disease burden attributed to air pollution globally and in China and the United States from 1990 to 2021, and to assess the patterns of disease burden changes from 2022 to 2031 based on predictive models, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted TBL prevention and control strategies. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we analyzed the disease burden data of TBL attributed to air pollution globally and in China and the United States from 1990 to 2021. R Studio 4.3.2 software was used to analyze the corresponding trends and the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) prediction model was used to predict the status of the disease burden of TBL attributed to air pollution in the world and in China and the United States from 2022 to 2031. Results In 2021, China had the highest number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to air pollution (211 400 patients and 4.8947 million person-years), followed by the United States (6 000 patients and 124 300 person-years). The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) of TBL due to air pollution in the world and in China and the United States showed a decreasing trend. From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR and ASDR of TBL in China due to air pollution were much higher than those in the United States and the global average. In terms of gender, from 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of male patients with TBL attributed to air pollution was much higher than that of female patients. The BAPC prediction model showed that from 2022 to 2031, the ASMR and ASDR of TBL attributed to air pollution showed an upward trend globally, while they showed a downward trend in China and the United States. Conclusion Over the past 30 years, the air pollution-related TBL disease burden in the world and in China and the United States has continued to decline, but China's disease burden is still significantly higher than the global average. The disease burden in men far exceeds that in women, with men and the population aged ≥50 years being high-risk groups. In the future, the global disease trend may reverse and rise, while China and the United States are expected to continuously decline. However, precise prevention and control for high-risk groups remains a key challenge.

Objective To systematically analyze the characteristics of the disease burden of hypertensive heart disease (HHD) in the elderly (≥60 years) globally and in China from 1990 to 2021, and to predict its future trends from 2022 to 2040, with the aim of providing data support for optimizing comprehensive prevention and control strategies for HHD. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, the number of prevalent cases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of HHD in the elderly were extracted for the world, China, and five regions categorized by sociodemographic index (SDI). Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of HHD in the elderly. A three-factor decomposition method was applied to evaluate the relative contributions of aging, population growth, and epidemiological changes to the variations in the elderly HHD burden. Additionally, a Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the elderly HHD burden from 2022 to 2040. Results In 2021, the number of prevalent elderly HHD cases reached 10 283 000 globally and 3 412 400 in China, representing increases of 179.20% and 159.20% respectively, compared with 1990. The DALYs of elderly HHD were 18 812 700 person-years globally and 4 731 400 person-years in China, rising by 76.08% and 29.45% respectively from 1990. Meanwhile, the growth rates of the number of prevalent cases and DALYs of elderly HHD varied across different SDI regions. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized prevalence rate of elderly HHD in China, as well as the age-standardized DALYs rate of elderly HHD both globally and in China, showed significant downward trends (all average annual percentage changes<0, all P<0.001). In 2021, the 70-74 years age group accounted for the highest proportion of prevalent cases and DALYs of elderly HHD, both globally and in China. Decomposition analysis revealed that population growth was the dominant factor driving the increase in the elderly HHD burden across all regions. The prediction model results indicated that the number of prevalent cases and DALYs of elderly HHD would continue to rise globally and in China from 2022 to 2040, with the growth rate of the elderly HHD burden in China between 2021 and 2040 expected to exceed the global average. Conclusion Over the past 32 years, although the age-standardized disease rates of elderly HHD have mainly shown a downward trend globally and in China, the absolute number of the disease burden has increased substantially. The projection model indicates a continued upward trajectory, with the growth rate in China higher than the global average. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement precise prevention and control strategies to effectively mitigate the disease burden of elderly HHD.

ObjectiveTo prepare a recombinant PETase with a dual-catalytic-triad and to evaluate its efficiency in the biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate （PET）. MethodsBased on the crystal structure of wild-type PETase， point mutations （T88H/L117D） were introduced via site-directed mutagenesis. The recombinant protein was prepared using prokaryotic expression and chromatography purification techniques. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the mutant PETase was assessed by relatively quantifying the products mono （2-hydroxyethyl） terephthalate （MHET） and terephthalic acid （TPA）. ResultsBoth wild-type and mutant PETases accumulated as inclusion bodies， accounting for approximately 20% of the total bacterial protein. After solubilization in urea， the proteins were eluted at 300 mmol/L imidazole during affinity chromatography purification， with concentrations of 1.824 and 1.833 mg/mL and purities of 83.11% and 84.32%， respectively. Subsequent anion-exchange chromatography yielded highly pure enzymes in the 200 mmol/L NaCl fraction： 2.776 mg/mL （96.86% purity） for the wild type and 1.967 mg/mL （95.13% purity） for the mutant. Following refolding， the final concentrations were 0.484 mg/mL for the wild type and 0.991 mg/mL for the mutant. Hydrolysis assays revealed that the mutant released MHET and TPA at （237.67±17.00）% and （197.33±12.01）% of the wild-type levels， respectively. ConclusionThe T88H/L117D dual-catalytic-triad PETase is successfully prepared and it significantly enhanced PET-degrading activity， thus， it′s a promising biocatalyst for PET bioremediation.

When inflammation is continuously activated or dysregulated， it can induce chronic tissue injury and organ dysfunction， and participate in the occurrence and development of various inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Owing to high targeting， long-acting efficacy and programmability， nucleic acid drugs provide a new direction for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This article reviews the classification， mechanism of action and application progress of nucleic acid drugs in inflammatory diseases. It is found that small interfering RNA （siRNA） can specifically cut target mRNA through RNA interference to achieve inhibiting the expression of the target protein； antisense oligonucleotide （ASO） can inhibit target protein expression by inducing microRNA （miRNA） degradation or regulating splicing processes； miRNA can achieve network intervention by regulating multiple inflammatory target genes. At present， important breakthroughs have been made in the field of inflammatory diseases with siRNA drugs including Lumasiran， Nedosiran （for primary hyperoxaluria 1） and Inclisiran （for atherosclerosis）， ASO drugs including Donidalorsen （for hereditary angioedema）， Volanesorsen and Olezarsen （for familial chylomicronemia syndrome） and Lademirsen （for Alport syndrome）， as well as miRNA drugs including Obefazimod （for inflammatory bowel disease） and Remlarsen （for pathological fibrosis）. These drugs are expected to become a new generation of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies and bring more precise and efficient treatment options for patients with chronic inflammation and fibrotic diseases.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨月见草素B调控磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（AKT）/核因子-κB（NF-κB）通路对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞恶性生物学行为的影响。方法：CCK-8法测定月见草素B对SKOV3细胞的半数抑制浓度（IC50），参考IC₅₀值及相关文献确定后续实验剂量。SKOV3细胞分为对照组，月见草素B低（6.25 μmol/L）、中（12.5 μmol/L）、高（25 μmol/L）剂量组，PI3K抑制剂（LY294002）组，月见草素B高剂量 + PI3K激活剂（740Y-P）组。CCK-8法、5-乙炔基-2'-脱氧尿苷（EdU）染色法检测各组细胞增殖能力；Transwell侵袭实验、划痕实验、流式细胞术分别检测各组细胞侵袭、迁移能力与凋亡情况；RT-qPCR检测各组细胞中增殖相关基因细胞周期蛋白D1（Cyclin D1）、迁移相关基因迁移侵袭增强子1（MIEN1）及凋亡相关基因p53 mRNA表达情况；Western blotting检测各组细胞中PI3K/AKT/NF-κB通路相关蛋白p-PI3K、p-AKT、NF-κB p65的表达。结果：月见草素B处理SKOV3细胞24 h的IC₅₀值为28.70 μmol/L。与对照组相比，月见草素B低、中、高剂量组及LY294002组SKOV3细胞增殖能力、侵袭细胞数及划痕愈合率均降低（均P < 0.05），Cyclin D1、MIEN1 mRNA及p-PI3K、p-AKT、NF-κB p65蛋白表达下调（均P < 0.05），而细胞凋亡率与p53 mRNA表达则升高（均P < 0.05）；与LY294002组相比，高剂量月见草素B对SKOV3细胞增殖能力、侵袭细胞数及划痕愈合率的抑制作用更显著（均P < 0.05），对Cyclin D1、MIEN1 mRNA及p-PI3K、p-AKT、NF-κB p65蛋白的下调及对细胞凋亡率与p53 mRNA表达的上调均更明显（均P < 0.05）。与月见草素B高剂量组相比，月见草素B高剂量+740Y-P组SKOV3细胞增殖能力、侵袭细胞数及划痕愈合率升高（均P < 0.05），Cyclin D1、MIEN1 mRNA及p-PI3K、p-AKT、NF-κB p65蛋白表达上调（均P < 0.05），细胞凋亡率与p53 mRNA表达降低（P < 0.05）。结论：月见草素B可能通过抑制PI3K/AKT/NF-κB通路，抑制卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖、侵袭与迁移，并诱导细胞凋亡。

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of latent classes of dietary patterns among children and adolescents in Qinghai Province, and their association with overweight and obesity, so as to provide a scientific basis for conducting targeted nutritional interventions and weight management for the local population. Methods: From May to October 2025, a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to recruit 1 611 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from Chengdong District of Xining City and Gonghe County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. Questionnaire survey was conducted using a questionnaire developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and physical examination was conducted by using unified measurement standards. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed on the food intake frequency of the participants. The χ 2 test and Logistic regression analysis were applied to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity. Results: The detection rates of overweight, obesity, and overall overweight/obesity among the participants were 10.4%, 5.8%, and 16.2%, respectively. Latent class analysis identified three dietary patterns: modern mixed pattern ( n =399, 24.8%), low diversity pattern ( n =476, 29.5%), and traditional dietary pattern ( n =736, 45.7%). The potential category distribution differences of three dietary patterns among children and adolescents with and without overweight or obesity were statistically significant (non overweight and obesity: 22.5%, 29.1%, 48.4%; overweight and obesity: 36.4%, 31.8%, 31.8%) ( χ 2=30.69, P <0.01). Logistic regression showed that, compared with the traditional dietary pattern, the modern mixed pattern was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity ( OR =1.68, 95% CI =1.13-2.49); female sex was associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity compared with male sex ( OR =0.66, 95% CI =0.50-0.86) (both P <0.05). Conclusions A positive association exists between the modern mixed dietary pattern and obesity in children and adolescents. It is recommended to reduce the intake of grains and unhealthy foods among overweight and obese children and adolescents, while increasing the consumption of legumes, fish, and shrimp, in order to cultivate healthy and rational dietary habits.

Portal vein embolization （PVE） can induce atrophy of the embolized lobe and compensatory regeneration of the non-embolized lobe. However， due to inadequate regeneration of future liver remnant （FLR） after PVE， some patients remain unsuitable for hepatectomy after PVE. In recent years， liver venous deprivation （LVD）， which combines PVE with hepatic vein embolization （HVE）， has induced enhanced FLR regeneration. Compared with associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy （ALPPS）， LVD triggers faster and more robust FLR regeneration， with lower incidence rate of postoperative complications and mortality rate. By reviewing related articles on LVD， this article introduces the effectiveness of LVD and analyzes the differences and safety of various technical paths， and it is believed that LVD is a safe and effective preoperative pretreatment method.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status of self-medication behaviors and the demand preferences for pharmaceutical services among residents in Xining， providing a basis for developing pharmaceutical service intervention strategies tailored to regional characteristics. METHODS A self-designed questionnaire， developed based on literature review and revised after expert panel discussion and a pre-survey， was used to conduct anonymous surveys among residents purchasing medicines at 12 retail pharmacies in Xining area from April 2023 to April 2024. Descriptive analysis， Chi-square test， and Spearman correlation analysis were employed to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of residents’ self-medication behaviors， and pharmaceutical service needs. RESULTS A total of 859 valid questionnaires were collected， with 605 respondents （70.43%） reporting self-medication behaviors. The primary reason for self-medication was mild symptoms （46.94%）. The main conditions treated were gastrointestinal discomfort （38.51%） and cold， fever， headache （35.37%）. Chinese patent medicines were the most commonly used （58.68%）. Drug selection relied mainly on recommendations by pharmacy staff （52.07%）， and retail pharmacies were the primary source of medicines （65.95%）. Dosage and administration were determined primarily by referring to the drug package insert （67.27%）， while a minority relied on personal experience （9.92%）. Notably， 20.33% of respondents never read the package insert before medication， with a higher tendency observed among ethnic minorities， farmers， and individuals with chronic diseases （P＜0.05）. While 65.29% of respondents reported partially understanding the insert content， those aged ≥60 years， ethnic minorities， and individuals with chronic diseases qhsrmyy-28） were more likely to report being completely unable to understand it （P＜0.05）. Self-medication was “often effective” for 52.73% of respondents， whereas 7.77%“ often experienced adverse drug reactions”； farmers were more prone to poor efficacy or adverse reactions （P＜0.05）. A majority （72.89%） of respondents residents believed it necessary to learn about self- medication knowledge， and 47.11% preferred to obtain pharmaceutical services through WeChat public accounts or mobile applications （APP）. CONCLUSIONS Self-medication is common among residents in Xining area. Issues such as neglecting to read package inserts and relying on personal experience are evident. It is essential to develop science popularization programs suitable for the characteristics of the local population and utilize digital platforms like WeChat public accounts and APP to disseminate self- medication knowledge， thereby enhancing residents’ awareness and capacity for rational medication use.

Objective To analyze ethnic differences in mutations of the PIK3CA and TP53 genes among breast cancer patients from the Han, Tibetan, and Hui ethnic groups in Qinghai, China, and their associations with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods A total of 382 breast cancer tissue samples were retrospectively collected from surgical patients (Jan 2020−Dec 2022), comprising 200 Han, 93 Tibetan, and 89 Hui ethnicity. Mutations in PIK3CA (E542K, H1047R, and E545K) and TP53 (R273H and R175H) were detected by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Correlations between mutations and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Results Significant differences were observed in pTNM stage, lymph node metastasis, molecular subtypes, and PR status among the three ethnic groups. The overall mutation rate of PIK3CA and TP53 was 48.95%. The PIK3CA-p.E542K mutation rate in Tibetan cohort was significantly higher than those in Han and Hui cohort, whereas the detection rate of the PIK3CA-p.E545K mutation was lower in Tibetan cohort than that in Han cohort. The PIK3CA-p.E542K mutation was associated with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis. The TP53-p.R175H mutation was significantly correlated with advanced pTNM stage, vascular invasion, and triple-negative breast cancer. The PIK3CA-H1047R and E545K mutations were enriched in the luminal A subtype of breast cancer. Conclusion Considerable ethnic disparities exist in breast cancer mutation profiles in Qinghai, with the high-frequency PIK3CA-p.E542K mutation in Tibetan population potentially serving as a region-specific therapeutic target. Mutations are closely linked to tumor aggressiveness and molecular subtypes, highlighting the value of PIK3CA/TP53 mutation detection for early risk stratification and personalized treatment of breast cancer in high-altitude populations.