The nitrous oxide-induced psychotic disorder is a type of psychotic phenomenon that occurs during or immediately after using nitrous oxide and is characterized by vivid hallucinations, psychomotor disturbances, disturbance of consciousness, etc. Although nitrous oxide can cause various neuropsychiatric symptoms, there are few reports of nitrous oxide-induced psychotic disorder featured with catatonia and convulsions. Given the rarity of this case in clinical settings, we present the following case report and review relevant literature to help the identification and treatment of this disease.

The nitrous oxide-induced psychotic disorder is a type of psychotic phenomenon that occurs during or immediately after using nitrous oxide and is characterized by vivid hallucinations, psychomotor disturbances, disturbance of consciousness, etc. Although nitrous oxide can cause various neuropsychiatric symptoms, there are few reports of nitrous oxide-induced psychotic disorder featured with catatonia and convulsions. Given the rarity of this case in clinical settings, we present the following case report and review relevant literature to help the identification and treatment of this disease.

Objective To investigate the status quo of the off-label use in patients with major mental disorders in a tertiary psychiatric hospital and to analyze its relevant risk factors,so as to provide the basis for establishing the off-label use norm.Methods The data of inpatients with major mental disorders (schizophrenia,bipolar disorder and depression) were collected from electronic medical records system in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital).The incidence and categories of off-label use were analyzed by descriptive analysis.The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors such as age,gender,diagnosis,the number of prescribed psychotropic drugs,physician title,etc.Results A total of 2 371 patients and 10 794 prescriptions were collected and analyzed.The incidence of off-label use was 80.43％ (1 907/2 371) and 42.46％ (4 583/10 794) in patients and prescriptions,respectively.The main categories and constituent ratio of off-label use were indications (89.16％,4 086/4 583),dosage (4.63％,212/4 583),population and age (0.31％,14/4 583),while there were 5.91％ (271/4 583) prescriptions contain 2 or more different categories.The off-label use was widespread among different types of psychotropic drugs,mental disorders and clinical departments.The risk factors were the number of prescribed psychotropic drugs (Wald=177.218,P＜0.01),the diagnosis of mental disorders (Wald=35.320,P＜0.01) and physician title (Wald=8.667,P=0.003).Conclusion Off-label use is common in patients in the tertiary psychiatric hospital,involving different kinds of psychotropic drugs,mental disorders and clinical departments.The primary category of off-label use is indications.

Objective To investigate the status quo of the off-label use in patients with major mental disorders in a tertiary psychiatric hospital and to analyze its relevant risk factors,so as to provide the basis for establishing the off-label use norm.Methods The data of inpatients with major mental disorders (schizophrenia,bipolar disorder and depression) were collected from electronic medical records system in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital).The incidence and categories of off-label use were analyzed by descriptive analysis.The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors such as age,gender,diagnosis,the number of prescribed psychotropic drugs,physician title,etc.Results A total of 2 371 patients and 10 794 prescriptions were collected and analyzed.The incidence of off-label use was 80.43％ (1 907/2 371) and 42.46％ (4 583/10 794) in patients and prescriptions,respectively.The main categories and constituent ratio of off-label use were indications (89.16％,4 086/4 583),dosage (4.63％,212/4 583),population and age (0.31％,14/4 583),while there were 5.91％ (271/4 583) prescriptions contain 2 or more different categories.The off-label use was widespread among different types of psychotropic drugs,mental disorders and clinical departments.The risk factors were the number of prescribed psychotropic drugs (Wald=177.218,P＜0.01),the diagnosis of mental disorders (Wald=35.320,P＜0.01) and physician title (Wald=8.667,P=0.003).Conclusion Off-label use is common in patients in the tertiary psychiatric hospital,involving different kinds of psychotropic drugs,mental disorders and clinical departments.The primary category of off-label use is indications.