Objective To investigate the impact of enterovirus 71(EV71)on skeletal muscle injury and explore its mechanism in relation to the caspase-1/interleukin(IL)-1 β signaling pathway in EV71-induced skeletal muscle damage.Methods One-day-old BALB/c suckling mice were divided randomly into three groups:normal control(NC)(n=60),EV71 infection model(n=60),and caspase-1 inhibitor(EV71+VX765)(n=15)groups.The NC and EV71 model groups were further subdivided into four subgroups(5,7,10,and 14 days)(n=5 mice per group).An EV71-infected model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 25 × 103 μL/kg EV71 viral solution for 3 consecutive days.Mice in the caspase-1 inhibitor group received VX765(20 mg/kg)intraperitoneally 6 hours post-viral inoculation,continued daily for 10 days until sample collection.Mice in the NC group received an equivalent volume of saline containing 5％dimethylsulfoxide and 10％PEG300,followed by 2％cell maintenance solution after 6 hours.Post-modeling body weight and clinical disease scores were recorded.Pathological skeletal muscle damage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and expression levels of EV71 VP-1(viral capsid protein),pro-caspase-1,cleaved-caspase-1,IL-1 β,α-smooth muscle actin(SMA),and Collagen Ⅰ were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the NC group at the same time points,mice in the EV71 model group exhibited reduced body weight,elevated disease scores,and skeletal muscle pathology characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration,myofiber dissolution,and decreased cross-sectional area(HE staining).Western blot showed significantly increased levels of EV71 VP-1,IL-1β,α-SMA,and Collagen Ⅰ in skeletal muscle homogenate from EV71 mice at 5,7,and 10 days post-infection(P＜0.001).In contrast,mice in the VX765 group showed improved body weight,reduced clinical scores(P＜0.01),and significant downregulation of EV71 VP-1(P＜0.01),pro-caspase-1,cleaved-caspase-1,IL-1β,and Collagen Ⅰ compared with the EV71 model group(P＜0.01).These findings were confirmed by immunofluorescence,indicating that inhibition of caspase-1 alleviated EV71-induced skeletal muscle injury.Conclusions EV71 may induce skeletal muscle injury by activating the caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway.

Mental health records have been well utilized in various industries or groups both within and outside the mili-tary.However,due to insufficient attention,lack of technology,and poor talent stability,the effectiveness of mental health re-cords is low.This article investigates psychological cadres during a major task to understand the current situation of the establish-ment and use of mental health records in the military.It finds that there is a phenomenon of"building but not flowing,storing but not using",and identifies issues such as inconsistent standards,poor circulation,insufficient content,and disordered manage-ment.Based on this,the article discusses the safeguards and basic content for the construction of mental health records.The dis-cussion concludes that mental health record content should include general information about officers and soldiers,the develop-ment of psychological services,records of psychological rehabilitation(including psychological measurement results,etc.),and other supplementary materials(such as physical health status,personal life history,etc.).It is necessary to standardize mental health measurement,mental health education,mental health training,psychological counseling interviews,psychiatric assess-ment,and psychiatric rehabilitation.Support must be provided in terms of systems,personnel,and technology,and a dynamic management and use mechanism and information security control responsibilities must be implemented.This will promote the or-derly development of military mental health work and,in turn,ensure the mental health of officers and soldiers.

Mental health records have been well utilized in various industries or groups both within and outside the mili-tary.However,due to insufficient attention,lack of technology,and poor talent stability,the effectiveness of mental health re-cords is low.This article investigates psychological cadres during a major task to understand the current situation of the establish-ment and use of mental health records in the military.It finds that there is a phenomenon of"building but not flowing,storing but not using",and identifies issues such as inconsistent standards,poor circulation,insufficient content,and disordered manage-ment.Based on this,the article discusses the safeguards and basic content for the construction of mental health records.The dis-cussion concludes that mental health record content should include general information about officers and soldiers,the develop-ment of psychological services,records of psychological rehabilitation(including psychological measurement results,etc.),and other supplementary materials(such as physical health status,personal life history,etc.).It is necessary to standardize mental health measurement,mental health education,mental health training,psychological counseling interviews,psychiatric assess-ment,and psychiatric rehabilitation.Support must be provided in terms of systems,personnel,and technology,and a dynamic management and use mechanism and information security control responsibilities must be implemented.This will promote the or-derly development of military mental health work and,in turn,ensure the mental health of officers and soldiers.

Objective To investigate the impact of enterovirus 71(EV71)on skeletal muscle injury and explore its mechanism in relation to the caspase-1/interleukin(IL)-1 β signaling pathway in EV71-induced skeletal muscle damage.Methods One-day-old BALB/c suckling mice were divided randomly into three groups:normal control(NC)(n=60),EV71 infection model(n=60),and caspase-1 inhibitor(EV71+VX765)(n=15)groups.The NC and EV71 model groups were further subdivided into four subgroups(5,7,10,and 14 days)(n=5 mice per group).An EV71-infected model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 25 × 103 μL/kg EV71 viral solution for 3 consecutive days.Mice in the caspase-1 inhibitor group received VX765(20 mg/kg)intraperitoneally 6 hours post-viral inoculation,continued daily for 10 days until sample collection.Mice in the NC group received an equivalent volume of saline containing 5％dimethylsulfoxide and 10％PEG300,followed by 2％cell maintenance solution after 6 hours.Post-modeling body weight and clinical disease scores were recorded.Pathological skeletal muscle damage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,and expression levels of EV71 VP-1(viral capsid protein),pro-caspase-1,cleaved-caspase-1,IL-1 β,α-smooth muscle actin(SMA),and Collagen Ⅰ were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the NC group at the same time points,mice in the EV71 model group exhibited reduced body weight,elevated disease scores,and skeletal muscle pathology characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration,myofiber dissolution,and decreased cross-sectional area(HE staining).Western blot showed significantly increased levels of EV71 VP-1,IL-1β,α-SMA,and Collagen Ⅰ in skeletal muscle homogenate from EV71 mice at 5,7,and 10 days post-infection(P＜0.001).In contrast,mice in the VX765 group showed improved body weight,reduced clinical scores(P＜0.01),and significant downregulation of EV71 VP-1(P＜0.01),pro-caspase-1,cleaved-caspase-1,IL-1β,and Collagen Ⅰ compared with the EV71 model group(P＜0.01).These findings were confirmed by immunofluorescence,indicating that inhibition of caspase-1 alleviated EV71-induced skeletal muscle injury.Conclusions EV71 may induce skeletal muscle injury by activating the caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway.

Objective:To determine the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) , Sirt3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tissues and cells, and to explore their role in the occurrence and development of CSCC.Methods:From January 2019 to December 2020, 30 lesional skin tissues were obtained from patients with histopathologically confirmed poorly-, moderately- or well-differentiated CSCC, and 30 normal skin tissues were obtained from patients with non-cancerous diseases in Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. A CSCC cell line A431 and a human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT were cultured. Immunohistochemical study, Western blot analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) were performed to determine the protein and mRNA expression of Sirt1, Sirt3 and HIF-1α in CSCC tissues of different grades of differentiation and normal skin tissues, cytochemical and immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR were conducted to determine the protein and mRNA expression of Sirt1, Sirt3 and HIF-1α in A431 and HaCaT cells, respectively. Comparisons of measurement data among multiple groups were performed by using one-way analysis of variance, and comparisons between two groups by using t test. Results:Immunohistochemical study showed that the expression level of Sirt3 (expressed as the average optical density) was 100 ± 12.12, 117.72 ± 26.23, 127.32 ± 24.45, 132.71 ± 31.61 in the normal skin tissues and well-, moderately- and poorly-differentiated CSCC tissues respectively, and there was a significant difference among these groups ( F = 20.14, P < 0.001) ; the expression of Sirt1 and HIF-1α increased in turn from the normal skin tissues to the well-, moderately- and poorly-differentiated CSCC tissues, and significantly differred in these groups ( F = 174.50, 225.00, respectively, both P < 0.001) . As Western blot analysis revealed, the expression level of Sirt3 significantly differed among the normal skin tissues, well-, moderately- and poorly-differentiated CSCC tissues (expressed as relative gray value: 1.000 ± 0.132, 1.403 ± 0.411, 1.387 ± 0.393, 1.677 ± 0.683, respectively; F = 34.97, P < 0.001) , and so did the expression levels of Sirt1 and HIF-1α ( F = 69.29, 199.90, respectively, both P < 0.00l) , with a gradually increasing trend in their expression levels from the the normal skin tissues to well-, moderately- and poorly-differentiated CSCC tissues. RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of Sirt3, Sirt1 and HIF-1α was sequentially increased from the normal skin tissues to well-, moderately- and poorly-differentiated CSCC tissues, and significant differences were observed among these groups ( F = 113.00, 174.50, 50.33, respectively, all P < 0.001) . The protein expression levels of Sirt3, Sirt1 and HIF-1α were significantly higher in the A431 cells than in the HaCaT cells ( t = 16.75, 18.34, 27.76, respectively, all P < 0.001) , and so were their mRNA expression levels ( t= 14.22, 9.62, 16.86, respectively, all P < 0.001) . Conclusion:Increased expression of Sirt3, Sirt1 and HIF-1α was observed in CSCC tissues and cells, which may promote the occurrence and development of CSCC.

Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Humans ; Image-Guided Biopsy ; Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Lung Diseases/etiology* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Objective To investigate the prevalent feature of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in Xi'an region from Jan.2015 to Dec.2016.Methods From Jan.2015 to Dec.2016,9 648 cases with acute lower respiratory tract infection in xijing hospital were given serum test of the antibody of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by ELISA.Results A total of 9 648 cases with lower respiratory tract infection in children in xijing hospital received MP antibody detection,the positive cases were 2 971,the total positive rate was 30.79 ％.MP-IgM antibody positive rates between different age groups had significant differences,in which infants' group has the lowest(7.00 ％),and with the age growing,the positive rate increased.The positive rates in different age groups of toddler,preschool age,and school age were 27.29 ％,36.10 ％ and 37.76 ％ respec tively.The positive rates of MP-IgM antibody in different quarter were different.The highest antibody positive rate was found in the first quarter (January-March),followed by the fourth quarter,the third quarter and the second quarter.The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Conclusion There was MP infection prevalence in Xi'an from 2015 to 2016.The positive rate in children increased with the age,the peak of infection was in the first quarter,so the detection and prevention of MP should be strengthened at that time of the year.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of IA regimen which contains idarubicin (IDA) 8 mg/m², 10 mg/m² or 12 mg/m² as induction chemotherapy for adult patients with de-novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . Methods: A total of 1 215 newly diagnosed adult AML patients, ranging from May 2011 to March 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and other 36 clinical blood centers in China were enrolled in the multicenter, single-blind, non-randomized, clinical controlled study. To compare the response rate of complete remission (CR) , adverse events between different dose idarubicin combined with cytarabine (100 mg/m²) as induction chemotherapy in newly diagnosed patients of adult AML. Results: Of 1 207 evaluable AML patients were assigned to this analysis of CR rate. The CR rates of IDA 8 mg/m² group, IDA 10 mg/m² group and IDA 12 mg/m² group were 73.6% (215/292) , 84.1% (662/787) and 86.7% (111/128) , respectively (P<0.001) . After adjusted for age, blast ratio of bone marrow, FAB classification and risk stratification, the odds ratios (95% CI) of IDA 10 mg/m² group and IDA 12 mg/m² group were 0.49 (0.34-0.70) and 0.36 (0.18-0.71) , as compared with the IDA 8 mg/m² group (P<0.001, P=0.003) . In the intermediate and favorable groups, CR rates was 76.5% (163/213) , 86.9% (506/582) and 86.1% (68/79) in different doses of IDA (P=0.007) . Interestingly, IA regimen with IDA 10 mg/m² was the only beneficial factor affecting CR in this group after adjusted for age, blast ratio of bone marrow and FAB classification[OR=0.47 (95% CI 0.31-0.71) , P<0.001]. CR rates in adverse group was 50.0% (18/36) , 60.6% (43/71) and 81.8% (18/22) respectively (P=0.089) . However, the odds ratios (95% CI) of IDA 12 mg/m² when compared with the IDA 8 mg/m² was 0.22 (0.06-0.80) , after adjusted for age, blast ratio of bone marrow and FAB classification. The median time (days) of neutrophil count less than 0.5×10⁹/L in IDA 8 mg/m² group, IDA 10 mg/m² group and IDA 12 mg/m² group were 14 (11-18) , 15 (11-20) and 18 (14-22) , respectively (P=0.012) and of platelet count lower than 20×10⁹/L were 14 (7-17) , 15 (11-20) and 17 (15-21) , respectively (P=0.001) . The incidences of lung infection in the three groups were 9.8%, 13.5% and 25.2%, respectively (P<0.001) . Conclusions For young adult patients (aged 18-60 years) with AML in China, intensifying induction therapy with idarubicin 10 mg/m² is clinically superior to IDA 8 mg/m² and IDA 12 mg/m² in favorable intermediate AML subgroup. However, idarubicin 12 mg/m² is more suitable to adverse AML subgroup.

Objective To study the type and corresponding clinical characteristics of primary hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) associated immune gene mutations in the refractory virus infection or HLH of unknown causes. Methods From December 2009 to July 2010, the patients with refractory virus infection or HLH of unknown causes were screened for the primary HLH associated immune genes mutations by DNA sequence analysis, including PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, STXBP2, SH2D1A and XIAP. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were followed up. Results Totally 25 patients with refractory virus infection or HLH of unknown causes were investigated for the 6 genes and 13 cases were found carrying gene mutations, composing of 6 of PRF1 mutation, 3 of UNC13D, and each one of STX11,XIAP, SH2D1A and STXBP2, respectively. Among the 13 cases with gene mutations, 5 suffered from Epstein-Barr virus associated HLH( EBV-HLH), 1 human herpes virus 7 associated HLH (HHV7-HLH),1 HLH without causes, 4 chronic activated EB virus infection (CAEBV) with 1 progressing to Hodgkin's lymphoma carrying abnormal chromosome of t ( 15; 17 ) (q22; q25 ) and hyperdiploid, 2 EBV associated lymphoma. Among the other 12 patients without gene mutation, 4 suffered from EBV-HLH with 1 progressing to peripheral T lymphoma, 8 suffered from CAEBV. Conclusions Primary HLH associated immune gene mutations are critical causes of refractory virus infection of unknown causes, most patients manifest as HLH,some cases appear in CAEBV and EBV associated lymphoma. DNA sequence analysis is helpful to early diagnosis and correct decision-making for treatment.

Objective To investigate the expression and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), its upstream molecule, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and downstream transcription factor, Ets-like protein 1 (ELK-1), in lesions of psoriasis vulgaris, and to evaluate the relationship between ERK pathway and psoriasis vulgaris. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from the lesions of 40 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and normal skin of 20 normal human controls. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to detect the expressions of phosphorylated ERK1/2, EGFR and ELK-1 in the tissue samples.Results As immunohistochemistry showed, the integrated optical density (IOD) of p-ERK1/2, p-EGFR and p-ELK-1 was 269.85 ± 57.96, 136.88 ± 30.33 and 237.61 ± 56.29 respectively in the psoriatic lesions, significantly higher than that in the normal controls ( 140.24 ± 24.42, 110.66 ± 28.99 and 119.04 ± 21.99, respectively, all P ＜ 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the expression of p-EGFR and p-ERK1/2(r = 0.57, P ＜ 0.05) and between that of p-ERK1/2 and p-ELK-1 (r=0.72,P＜0.05) in psoriatic lesions.Conclusion The enhanced signal transduction through phosphorylated EGFR→ERK1/2→ELK-1 pathway may play a certain role in the pathophysiological process of psoriasis vulgaris.