The disease-syndrome combination animal model in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） andrology serves as an important bridge linking TCM theory with modern medical research， providing a key experimental platform for elucidating the 'syndrome-disease' correlation mechanism in male-specific diseases and for screening effective prescriptions. This article reviews recent progress in animal model research on common TCM andrological diseases， including prostatic diseases， sexual dysfunction， and male infertility， with a focus on analyzing the application， advantages， and disadvantages of various modeling strategies， such as immune induction， hormonal intervention， and multi-factor combination across different syndrome types. However， despite breakthroughs in model construction techniques， current research still faces several challenges， including insufficient standardization of syndrome differentiation and difficulties in quantifying TCM-specific indicators. Future studies need to optimize model evaluation systems by integrating modern technologies， in order to promote the standardization and internationalization of TCM andrology research.

ObjectiveTo characterize the quality differences among different germplasm and introduced varieties of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots（BSR）， and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms， providing a basis for high-quality production and quality control. MethodsWild BSR from Yulin（YLW） served as the quality reference， we conducted comparative analysis among YLW， locally domesticated wild germplasm in Yulin（YLC3）， Daqing germplasm introduced and cultivated in Yulin（YLDQC3）， and locally cultivated germplasm in Daqing（DQC3）. A combination of traditional pharmacognostic methods and modern multi-omics analyses was employed， including macroscopic traits（appearance， odor）， microscopic features（proportions of cork， phloem， xylem）， cell wall component contents（hemicellulose， cellulose， lignin）， carbohydrate contents（starch， water-soluble polysaccharides）， marker compound contents（ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， liposoluble extracts， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D）， metabolomics， and transcriptomics， in order to systematically characterize quality differences and investigate molecular mechanisms among these samples. ResultsMacroscopically， Yulin-produced BSR（YLW， YLC3， YLDQC3） exhibited significantly greater weight， length， and upper and middle diameters than Daqing-produced BSR（DQC3）. Odor-wise， YLW and YLC3 had a a fragrance taste， YLDQC3 had a rancid oil odor， and DQC3 had a sweet and fragrant taste. Microscopically， Yulin germplasm（YLW， YLC3） and Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3， DQC3） shared similar structural features， respectively. However， Yulin germplasm showed significantly higher proportions of cork and phloem， as well as stronger xylem vessel staining intensity compared to Daqing germplasm. Regarding various component contents， Yulin germplasm contained significantly higher levels of ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D， while Daqing germplasm had significantly higher levels of hemicellulose， starch， and liposoluble extracts. After introduction to Yulin， the Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3） showed increased starch， water-soluble polysaccharides and liposoluble extracts contents， decreased cell wall component content， but no significant difference in other component contents. Metabolomics revealed that saponins and terpenes accumulated significantly in Yulin germplasm， while alcohols and aldehydes accumulated predominantly in Daqing germplasm. Transcriptomics indicated similar gene expression patterns within the same germplasm but specificity between different germplasms. Integrative metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis identified 145 potential key genes associated with the saikosaponin biosynthesis pathway， including one acetyl-coenzyme A（CoA） acetyltransferase gene（ACAT）， one 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase gene（HMGS）， two hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA（HMG-CoA） reductase genes（HMG）， one phosphomevalonate kinase gene（PMK）， one 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate synthase gene（CLA）， one hydroxymethylbuten-1-aldol synthase gene（HDR）， two farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase genes（FPPS）， one squalene synthase gene（SQS）， one β-amyrin synthase gene（BAS）， 102 cytochrome P450（CYP450） gene family members， and 32 uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase（UGT） gene family members. ConclusionAmong the three cultivated types， YLC3 most closely resembles YLW in appearance， microscopic features， contents of major bioactive constituents， metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. Yulin germplasm exhibits superior saponin synthesis capability compared to Daqing germplasm， and Yulin region is more suitable for the growth of B. scorzonerifolium. Based on these findings， it is recommended that artificial cultivation in northern Shaanxi and similar regions utilize the local Yulin germplasm source cultivated for at least three years.

Objective: To investigate the impact of RhE antigen-matched transfusion during liver transplantation on early postoperative recovery and complications. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, ninety-five patients undergoing liver transplantation at Kunming First People's Hospital between January 2022 and July 2025 were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (RhE-mismatched transfusion, n=57) and Group 2 (RhE-matched transfusion, n=38). The baseline data, complete blood counts, hepatic and renal function, coagulation parameters, and complication rates between the two groups were compared at postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The baseline characteristics were well-balanced and comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). The early postoperative mortality rate in the mismatched group (31.58%, 18/57) was significantly higher than that in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38) (P=0.017). The incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was significantly higher in the mismatched group (50.88%, 29/57) than in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38) (P<0.001). The incidence of postoperative haemorrhage in the mismatched group (24.56%, 14/57) was higher than that in the matched group (5.26%, 2/38), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.014). The incidence of perioperative infection in the mismatched group (28.07%, 16/57) was higher than that in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.04). Corresponding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals indicated a lower risk of these adverse events in the matched group. On postoperative day 1, the change in activated partial thromboplastin time (-1.6, 20.5) in the mismatched group was greater than in the matched group (-0.2, 5.5). The change in international normalised ratio (-0.56, 1.22) in the mismatched group was greater than in the matched group (-0.18, 0.32), while the change in albumin (-4.0, 4.8) was smaller in the mismatched group than in the matched group (-2.5, 8.8). On postoperative day 5, the change in albumin (-0.41±7.83) in the mismatched group was smaller than in the matched group (2.68±4.53). At postoperative day 7, the change in albumin in the mismatched group (-0.61±7.38) was smaller than that in the matched group (2.51±5.85), while the change in D-dimer in the mismatched group (0.73, 7.4) was greater than that in the matched group (-1.6, 4.3). On postoperative day 10, the mismatched group exhibited significantly higher fibrinogen levels (-1.21, 1.78) than the matched group (-0.49, 0.97), and significantly longer prothrombin times (-11.3, -2.7) than the matched group (-6.2, -0.8) (all P<0.05). The matched group exhibited a mean overall survival (OS) of 32.803 months (95% CI:29.171-36.436 months), significantly exceeding the mismatched group's 28.996 months (95% CI:24.202-33.790 months). The log-rank test yielded statistically significant results (χ =4.307, P=0.038). Conclusion: Implementing RhE blood group-matched transfusion during liver transplantation may help reduce early postoperative mortality and the incidence of major complication rates, promote faster recovery of coagulation and liver function, and thereby improve short-term patient outcomes.

Objective:To construct analytical dimensions for policy texts related to the pilot work of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) system in Zhejiang Province and conduct quantitative analysis, thereby providing references for improving the pilot work.Methods:Policy texts issued by Zhejiang Province between February 11, 2018, and February 29, 2024, which involved HIA content, were selected. The policy instruments theory was employed to construct an analytical framework around the dimensions of policy instruments, policy objectives, policy actors, and the interactions between policy instruments and policy objectives, and between policy instruments and policy actors. Based on this framework, a combination of literature analysis and content analysis was used to conduct a multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of the policy texts related to the pilot work of HIA system in Zhejiang Province.Results:Fifty core policy texts were included and 1 588 codes were obtained. In terms of policy instruments, environmental-type instruments were the most widely used (852 items), with internal responsibilities and methodological measures being the most frequently used; supply-type instruments were the second most used (459 items), with mechanism improvement being the most frequently used; demand-type instruments were the least used (277 items), with multi-stakeholder participation being the most frequently used. In terms of policy objectives, the objective of system construction dominated (701 articles, accounting for 56.45%), while the proportion of policy coverage, evaluation technology, and effectiveness evaluation was relatively low. In terms of policy subjects, the Party committee and government were the main policy subjects (434 articles, accounting for 39.20%), followed by health departments and public policy-making departments, while the proportion of public health institutions and social forces was extremely low. In the interaction between policy instruments and policy objectives, policy coverage, system construction, and effectiveness evaluation objectives all responded most frequently to environmental-type instruments, while the evaluation technology objectives responded more frequently to supply-type instruments. In the interaction between policy instruments and policy subjects, the Party committee and government played a dominant role in the use of policy instruments, with the health department and public policy-making department in the middle.Conclusions:The pilot work of the HIA system in Zhejiang Province presented a " environment-driven, system-construction-priority, Party-committee-and-government-led" policy characteristic. The main challenges were the imbalanced structure of policy instruments, insufficient synergy among policy objectives, and the need for greater participation of multiple stakeholders.

The intestinal flora is a vast and complex microbial system，and its dysregulation may be associated with the occurrence and progression of various diseases.Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease characterized by massive proteinuria，hypoalbuminemia，edema，and hyperlipidemia.Some studies have found alterations in the intestinal flora of patients with nephrotic syndrome.Short-chain fatty acids produced by intestinal flora metabolism，particularly butyrate，may influence the occurrence and progression of nephrotic syndrome by regulating immune responses and inflammatory processes through their effects on the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells.These findings provide insights for exploring the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

To construct a recombinant fowl adenovirus 4(FAdV-4)expressing the Cap protein of goose astrovirus genotype 2(GoAstV-2),the expression cassette of Cap gene was inserted into the natural 1 966 bp deletion region of the FAdV-4 genome in the infectious clone p15A-cm-FAdV4-HNJZ.The resulted recombinant plasmid p15A-cm-FAdV4-HNJZ-Cap/GoAstV-2 was linearized with restriction enzyme and transfected into chicken hepatoma cell line(LMH)to rescue the recombinant FAdV-4 expressing the Cap protein of GoAstV-2,rF Ad V4-Cap/GoAstV-2.After 15 passages in LMH cells,the recombinant rFAdV4-Cap/GoAstV-2 was identified by PCR using primers flanking the insertion site of the Cap gene expression cassette and using viral genome DNA extracted from rFAdV4-Cap/GoAstV-2 infected LMH cells as template.LMH cells were in-fected with 15th passage rFAdV4-Cap/GoAstV-2 and indirect immunofluorescence was performed with a polyclonal antibody against Cap protein as the primary antibody.Western blot was carried out with lysates of rFAdV4-Cap/GoAstV-2 infected LMH cells.The in vitro replication dynamic of the 15th passage of the rFAdV4-Cap/GoAstV-2 was also investigated in LMH cells.The results demonstrated that the Cap gene of GoAstV-2 was presented in the genome of the recombinant vi-rus rF AdV4-Cap/Go Ast V-2,and could be expressed stably.The prepared recombinant virus in this study will lay a foundation for developing inactivated bivalent vaccine candidate against co-in-fection of FAdV-4 and GoAstV-2 in goose.

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI) -related paronychia is a condition clearly related to EGFRI therapy, characterized by periungual erythema, edema, purulent exudates, periungual or subungual granulomatous lesions, and sometimes accompanied by thinning, fragility or even splitting and seperation of nail plates. Inhibition of epidermal function, inflammation and secondary infections, as well as angiogenesis are the core processes in the occurrence and development of EGFRI-related paronychia. This review summarizes epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, prevention and treatment of EGFRI-related paronychia.

Objective:To construct analytical dimensions for policy texts related to the pilot work of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) system in Zhejiang Province and conduct quantitative analysis, thereby providing references for improving the pilot work.Methods:Policy texts issued by Zhejiang Province between February 11, 2018, and February 29, 2024, which involved HIA content, were selected. The policy instruments theory was employed to construct an analytical framework around the dimensions of policy instruments, policy objectives, policy actors, and the interactions between policy instruments and policy objectives, and between policy instruments and policy actors. Based on this framework, a combination of literature analysis and content analysis was used to conduct a multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of the policy texts related to the pilot work of HIA system in Zhejiang Province.Results:Fifty core policy texts were included and 1 588 codes were obtained. In terms of policy instruments, environmental-type instruments were the most widely used (852 items), with internal responsibilities and methodological measures being the most frequently used; supply-type instruments were the second most used (459 items), with mechanism improvement being the most frequently used; demand-type instruments were the least used (277 items), with multi-stakeholder participation being the most frequently used. In terms of policy objectives, the objective of system construction dominated (701 articles, accounting for 56.45%), while the proportion of policy coverage, evaluation technology, and effectiveness evaluation was relatively low. In terms of policy subjects, the Party committee and government were the main policy subjects (434 articles, accounting for 39.20%), followed by health departments and public policy-making departments, while the proportion of public health institutions and social forces was extremely low. In the interaction between policy instruments and policy objectives, policy coverage, system construction, and effectiveness evaluation objectives all responded most frequently to environmental-type instruments, while the evaluation technology objectives responded more frequently to supply-type instruments. In the interaction between policy instruments and policy subjects, the Party committee and government played a dominant role in the use of policy instruments, with the health department and public policy-making department in the middle.Conclusions:The pilot work of the HIA system in Zhejiang Province presented a " environment-driven, system-construction-priority, Party-committee-and-government-led" policy characteristic. The main challenges were the imbalanced structure of policy instruments, insufficient synergy among policy objectives, and the need for greater participation of multiple stakeholders.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telitacicept in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) .Methods:The clinical data of 25 SLE patients who received standard therapy combined with telitacicept at the Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, from 2021 to 2024 were retrospectively collected. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Changes in skin lesions, joint pain symptoms, complete blood count, and biochemical parameters at 4, 12, and 24 weeks of treatment were compared with baseline (week 0). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare complement C3 and C4 levels before and after treatment, and univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore factors influencing the efficacy of telitacicept.Results:Among the 25 SLE patients, 3 were male (12.0%) and 22 were female (88.0%). Based on the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) -2000 scores, 8 patients were mild, 13 were moderate, and 4 were severe. Of the 11 SLE patients with rashes before treatment, 6 achieved complete remission at 12 weeks. Among the 7 patients with joint pain before treatment, 4 experienced symptom resolution at 24 weeks. The proportion of patients with leukopenia at baseline and at 4, 12, and 24 weeks was 10/25 (40.0%), 0/24 (0), 1/22 (4.5%), and 2/19 (10.5%), respectively. The proportion of patients with thrombocytopenia was 6/25 (24.0%), 3/24 (12.5%), 1/22 (4.5%), and 1/19 (5.3%), respectively, and the proportion of patients with anemia was 7/25 (28.0%), 3/24 (12.5%), 1/22 (4.5%), and 1/19 (5.3%), respectively. At baseline, 11 out of 25 patients (44.0%) had proteinuria. At 12 weeks, the urinary protein quantification level (0.4 [0, 0.6] g/L) was significantly lower than at baseline (0.9 [0.8, 1.2] g/L). The SLE responder index-4 (SRI4) response rates at 4, 12, and 24 weeks were 14/18, 15/17, and 12/14, respectively. Complement C3 and C4 levels were significantly higher at 4, 12, and 24 weeks compared to baseline (all P < 0.001). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, disease duration, glucocorticoid dosage, baseline complement C4 levels, antinuclear antibody titer, and SLEDAI-2K score did not significantly affect the efficacy of telitacicept (SRI4 response rate at 12 weeks) (all P > 0.05). No serious adverse reactions related to telitacicept were observed in patients. Conclusions:Telitacicept improved skin lesions, complement C3 and C4 levels, and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody levels in SLE patients. No association was found between the efficacy of telitacicept and baseline SLEDAI-2K scores, antinuclear antibody titers, or complement C4 levels, suggesting that telitacicept is an effective and safe treatment for SLE patients.

Objective:To investigate the expression of ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2) in psoriatic lesions and its effect on the proliferation and differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) .Methods:The GDS4602 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was analyzed to determine EPHA2 gene expression changes in psoriatic lesions. Skin tissue samples were collected from 3 psoriasis patients and 3 healthy controls, and EPHA2 expression was determined in the skin tissues by immunofluorescence staining. Twelve female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (4 mice in each group) : a normal control group (receiving no treatment), an imiquimod group (topically treated with 62.5 mg of imiquimod 5% cream), and an imiquimod + ALWⅡ-41-27 group (topically treated with 62.5 mg of imiquimod 5% cream, followed by intraperitoneal injections of the EPHA2 inhibitor ALWⅡ-41-27 at a dose of 20 mg·kg -1·d -1) ; after 6 days of treatment, dorsal skin samples were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine the expression of EPHA2 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) was conducted to determine the mRNA expression of the nuclear proliferation antigen Ki67, involucrin (Ivl), loricrin (Lor), and keratin 10 (Krt10). In vitro cultured NHEKs were divided into a control group (receiving no treatment), an M5 group (treated with 10 ng/ml M5 cytokines [including interleukin-17A, interleukin-22, interleukin-1α, oncostatin M and tumor necrosis factor-α]), an ALWⅡ-41-27 group (treated with 1 μmol/L ALWⅡ-41-27), and an M5 + ALWⅡ-41-27 group (treated with 10 ng/ml M5 and 1 μmol/L ALWⅡ-41-27) ; after 24 hours of treatment, the 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay was performed to assess cellular proliferative activity, Western blot analysis to determine the expression of EPHA2, ERK and their phosphorylated proteins, and qPCR to determine the mRNA expression of KI67, IVL, LOR, and KRT10. One-way analysis of variance, Dunnett's T3 test, two-independent-sample t test, and paired t test were used for statistical analysis. Results:GEO database analysis revealed upregulated EPHA2 expression in psoriatic lesions compared with normal skin tissues from healthy controls ( t = 21.07, P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence staining showed increased EPHA2 expression in skin tissues from psoriasis patients and mouse models of psoriasis compared with those from healthy controls and normal control mice, respectively (both P < 0.01). In the animal experiments, the imiquimod group showed thicker epidermis, increased Ki67 mRNA expression, decreased mRNA expression of Ivl, Lor, and Krt10, and elevated p-ERK1/2 expression compared with the normal control group and imiquimod + ALWⅡ-41-27 group (all P < 0.05). In the cell experiments, the M5 group showed an increased proportion of EdU-positive cells (35.61% ± 1.18% vs. 24.83% ± 0.60% and 12.49% ± 1.52%, t = 8.12, 12.00, P = 0.015, 0.001, respectively), increased KI67 mRNA expression, and decreased mRNA expression of IVL, LOR, and KRT10 compared with the control group and M5 + ALWⅡ-41-27 group (all P < 0.05) ; Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of EPHA2, p-EPHA2, and p-ERK1/2 in NHEKs were significantly higher in the M5 group than in the control group and M5 + ALWⅡ-41-27 group (all P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the ERK1/2 protein expression among groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusion:EPHA2 expression was upregulated in psoriatic lesions, which may promote keratinocyte proliferation and inhibit its differentiation, possibly via the ERK pathway.