ObjectiveTo characterize the quality differences among different germplasm and introduced varieties of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots（BSR）， and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms， providing a basis for high-quality production and quality control. MethodsWild BSR from Yulin（YLW） served as the quality reference， we conducted comparative analysis among YLW， locally domesticated wild germplasm in Yulin（YLC3）， Daqing germplasm introduced and cultivated in Yulin（YLDQC3）， and locally cultivated germplasm in Daqing（DQC3）. A combination of traditional pharmacognostic methods and modern multi-omics analyses was employed， including macroscopic traits（appearance， odor）， microscopic features（proportions of cork， phloem， xylem）， cell wall component contents（hemicellulose， cellulose， lignin）， carbohydrate contents（starch， water-soluble polysaccharides）， marker compound contents（ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， liposoluble extracts， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D）， metabolomics， and transcriptomics， in order to systematically characterize quality differences and investigate molecular mechanisms among these samples. ResultsMacroscopically， Yulin-produced BSR（YLW， YLC3， YLDQC3） exhibited significantly greater weight， length， and upper and middle diameters than Daqing-produced BSR（DQC3）. Odor-wise， YLW and YLC3 had a a fragrance taste， YLDQC3 had a rancid oil odor， and DQC3 had a sweet and fragrant taste. Microscopically， Yulin germplasm（YLW， YLC3） and Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3， DQC3） shared similar structural features， respectively. However， Yulin germplasm showed significantly higher proportions of cork and phloem， as well as stronger xylem vessel staining intensity compared to Daqing germplasm. Regarding various component contents， Yulin germplasm contained significantly higher levels of ethanol-soluble extracts， total saponins， and saikosaponins A， B₂， C， D， while Daqing germplasm had significantly higher levels of hemicellulose， starch， and liposoluble extracts. After introduction to Yulin， the Daqing germplasm（YLDQC3） showed increased starch， water-soluble polysaccharides and liposoluble extracts contents， decreased cell wall component content， but no significant difference in other component contents. Metabolomics revealed that saponins and terpenes accumulated significantly in Yulin germplasm， while alcohols and aldehydes accumulated predominantly in Daqing germplasm. Transcriptomics indicated similar gene expression patterns within the same germplasm but specificity between different germplasms. Integrative metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis identified 145 potential key genes associated with the saikosaponin biosynthesis pathway， including one acetyl-coenzyme A（CoA） acetyltransferase gene（ACAT）， one 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase gene（HMGS）， two hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA（HMG-CoA） reductase genes（HMG）， one phosphomevalonate kinase gene（PMK）， one 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate synthase gene（CLA）， one hydroxymethylbuten-1-aldol synthase gene（HDR）， two farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase genes（FPPS）， one squalene synthase gene（SQS）， one β-amyrin synthase gene（BAS）， 102 cytochrome P450（CYP450） gene family members， and 32 uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase（UGT） gene family members. ConclusionAmong the three cultivated types， YLC3 most closely resembles YLW in appearance， microscopic features， contents of major bioactive constituents， metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles. Yulin germplasm exhibits superior saponin synthesis capability compared to Daqing germplasm， and Yulin region is more suitable for the growth of B. scorzonerifolium. Based on these findings， it is recommended that artificial cultivation in northern Shaanxi and similar regions utilize the local Yulin germplasm source cultivated for at least three years.

Objective: To investigate the impact of RhE antigen-matched transfusion during liver transplantation on early postoperative recovery and complications. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, ninety-five patients undergoing liver transplantation at Kunming First People's Hospital between January 2022 and July 2025 were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (RhE-mismatched transfusion, n=57) and Group 2 (RhE-matched transfusion, n=38). The baseline data, complete blood counts, hepatic and renal function, coagulation parameters, and complication rates between the two groups were compared at postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The baseline characteristics were well-balanced and comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). The early postoperative mortality rate in the mismatched group (31.58%, 18/57) was significantly higher than that in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38) (P=0.017). The incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy was significantly higher in the mismatched group (50.88%, 29/57) than in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38) (P<0.001). The incidence of postoperative haemorrhage in the mismatched group (24.56%, 14/57) was higher than that in the matched group (5.26%, 2/38), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.014). The incidence of perioperative infection in the mismatched group (28.07%, 16/57) was higher than that in the matched group (10.53%, 4/38), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.04). Corresponding odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals indicated a lower risk of these adverse events in the matched group. On postoperative day 1, the change in activated partial thromboplastin time (-1.6, 20.5) in the mismatched group was greater than in the matched group (-0.2, 5.5). The change in international normalised ratio (-0.56, 1.22) in the mismatched group was greater than in the matched group (-0.18, 0.32), while the change in albumin (-4.0, 4.8) was smaller in the mismatched group than in the matched group (-2.5, 8.8). On postoperative day 5, the change in albumin (-0.41±7.83) in the mismatched group was smaller than in the matched group (2.68±4.53). At postoperative day 7, the change in albumin in the mismatched group (-0.61±7.38) was smaller than that in the matched group (2.51±5.85), while the change in D-dimer in the mismatched group (0.73, 7.4) was greater than that in the matched group (-1.6, 4.3). On postoperative day 10, the mismatched group exhibited significantly higher fibrinogen levels (-1.21, 1.78) than the matched group (-0.49, 0.97), and significantly longer prothrombin times (-11.3, -2.7) than the matched group (-6.2, -0.8) (all P<0.05). The matched group exhibited a mean overall survival (OS) of 32.803 months (95% CI:29.171-36.436 months), significantly exceeding the mismatched group's 28.996 months (95% CI:24.202-33.790 months). The log-rank test yielded statistically significant results (χ =4.307, P=0.038). Conclusion: Implementing RhE blood group-matched transfusion during liver transplantation may help reduce early postoperative mortality and the incidence of major complication rates, promote faster recovery of coagulation and liver function, and thereby improve short-term patient outcomes.

Objective: To explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and upper urinary tract stones using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis，and to investigate the potential mediating role of plasma metabolites. Methods: Data on gut microbiota，plasma metabolites，and upper urinary tract stones were obtained from publicly available Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS).Bidirectional MR analysis was performed to examine the causal relationship between gut microbiota and upper urinary tract stones.Subsequently，a two-step MR approach was employed to determine whether gut microbiota contribute to upper urinary tract stones through plasma metabolites，and the mediating effects and mediator ratio were calculated.The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analytical tool，supplemented by Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR)，MR-Egger，and weighted median (WM) analyses.Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests were conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings. Results: Bidirectional MR analysis identified causal associations between 7 gut microbial taxa and 6 microbial metabolic pathways with upper urinary tract stones，while the development of upper urinary tract stones affected 13 gut microbial taxa and 5 metabolic pathways.Additionally，43 plasma metabolites (including 27 identified metabolites，8 unidentified metabolites，and 8 metabolite ratios) were causally associated with upper urinary tract stones.The two-step MR analysis identified 11 potential causal pathways.After metabolic pathways and unidentified metabolites were excluded，a causal link mediated by Bacteroides faecis between galactarate and upper urinary tract stones was confirmed，with a mediation proportion of 16.99% (95%CI：5.76%-33.95%，P=0.0371). Conclusion: This study establishes a causal relationship between parabacteroides and upper urinary tract stones，and elucidates the mediating role of galactarate，offering new insights into the pathogenesis and prevention strategies for upper urinary tract stones.

Stresses induced by the deficiency or excess of trace mineral elements, such as manganese (Mn), represent a common limiting factor for the production of crops like Brassica napus. To identify key genes involved in Mn allocation in B. napus and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, a member of the metal tolerance protein (MTP) family obtained in the previous screening of cDNA library of B. napus under Mn stress was selected as the research subject. Based on the sequence information and phylogenetic analysis, it was named as BnMTP10. It belongs to the Mn-cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) subfamily. Expression of BnMTP10 in yeast significantly improved the tolerance of transformants to excessive Mn and iron (Fe) and reduced the accumulation of Mn and Fe. However, the yeast transformants exhibited no significant changes in tolerance to excess cadmium, boron, aluminum, zinc, or copper. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the flowers of B. napus had the highest expression of BnMTP10, followed by roots and leaves. Subcellular localization studies revealed that BnMTP10 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Compared with wild-type plants, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing BnMTP10 exhibited enhanced tolerance to excessive Mn stress but showed no significant difference under Fe stress. Correspondingly, under excessive Mn stress, the Mn content in the roots of transgenic Arabidopsis increased significantly. However, under excessive Fe stress, the Fe content in transgenic Arabidopsis did not alter significantly. According to the results, we hypothesize that BnMTP10 may alleviate excessive Mn stress in plants by mediating Mn transport to the ER. This study facilitated our understanding of efficient mineral nutrients, and provided theoretical foundations and gene resources for breeding B. napus.
Brassica napus/genetics* ; Manganese/metabolism* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Plant Proteins/physiology* ; Arabidopsis/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism* ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of triglyceride-glucose body mass index(TyG-BMI),atherogenic index of plasma(AIP),and postprandial glucose excursion(PPGE)for sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods An observational cohort trial was conducted on 590 hospitalized T2DM patients(322 males and 268 females)admitted to Department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2023 and December 2024.General demographic data and key metabolic indicators,including fasting plasma glucose(FPG),postprandial 2-hour plasma glucose(PPG),triglyceride(TG)were collected,and then TyG-BMI,AIP,and PPGE were calculated.Based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia(AWGS)2019 criteria,they were divided into a sarcopenia group(n=140)and a non-sarcopenia group(n=450).After 1∶1 propensity score matching(PSM),102 patients with sarcopenia were matched with 102 without.Differences in metabolic indicators FPG,PPG,TyG-BMI,AIP and PPGE were compared between the 2 groups.Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to assess correlations of these indicators with sarcopenia.Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to assess predictive performance.An external validation cohort consisting of 192 T2DM patients from Department of Endocrinology of Jiangbei Branch of First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University between January 2023 and December 2024 was included to validate the prediction model.Results After PSM,the baseline data of the 2 groups was balanced(P>0.05).The sarcopenia group showed higher levels of PPG,AIP,and PPGE,but lower TyG-BMI value than the non-sarcopenia group(all P=0.001).Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the TyG-BMI was negatively correlated(r=-0.404,P=0.001),whereas AIP and PPGE were positively correlated with concomitant sarcopenia(r=0.280,P=0.001;r=0.372,P=0.001)in the T2DM patients.Conditional logistic regression analysis identified AIP(OR=14.367)and PPGE(OR=1.245)as independent risk factors,while TyG-BMI(OR=0.966)as independent protective factors.ROC curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined model of TyG-BMI,AIP and PPGE in predicting sarcopenia was 0.918,and the AUC value was 0.954 in external validation,with good sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion TyG-BMI,AIP,and PPGE are important metabolic predictors in T2DM patients with sarcopenia.Their combination has good screening value for sarcopenia,and can be applied in external prediction for T2DM patients.

Objective: To explore the association between mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2(MST2) gene polymorphism and haplotype and the risk of colorectal cancer, rectal cancer, and colon cancer in the Han population in Baotou area by case-control association study. Methods: A total of 390 patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed by pathology and 413 normal physical examination pop-ulation were collected, and 2 mL of peripheral blood was taken for subsequent gene genotyping. Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of MST2 gene were screened according to the genetic polymorphism data of Chinese Han population provided by the NCBI-Hapmap database. Gene genotyping was performed by Taqman method. Logistic regression was used to calculate the association between each SNP and the risk of colorectal cancer, colon cancer, and rectal cancer under codominant, dominant, overdominant, and recessive genetic models. Results: Five SNPs of MST2 gene were screened, namely rs11783149, rs10955176, rs7827435, rs4075986, rs3019295. Among them, SNP rs4075986 was associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. Compared with the rs4075986 GG+AA genotype, carrying the AG genotype [OR(95%CI)=2.473(1.844-3.316) could increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Compared with the rs4075986 GG genotype, carrying the AG+AA genotype [OR(95%CI)=2.475(1.844-3.323) could increase the risk of colorectal cancer. SNP rs4075986 and rs3019295 were associated with the risk of rectal cancer. Compared with the rs4075986 GG+AA genotype, carrying the AG genotype [OR(95%CI)=3.411(2.387-4.874)] could increase the risk of rectal cancer. Compared with the rs3019295 GG+AA genotype, carrying the AG genotype [OR(95%CI)=0.706(0.501-0.996)] could reduce the risk of rectal cancer. SNP rs11783149 and rs4075986 were associated with the risk of colon cancer. Compared with the rs11783149 CC genotype, carrying the TT [OR(95%CI)=10.883(1.186-99.862)] and CT [OR(95%CI)=1.665(1.036-2.675)] genotype could increase the risk of colon cancer, respectively. Compared with the rs4075986 GG genotype, the AG+AA genotype [OR(95%CI)=1.824(1.262-2.638)] could increase the risk of colon cancer. Conclusion MST2 gene SNP rs3019295 AG genotype may be protective factor for rectal cancer. SNP rs11783149 CT and TT genotypes maybe risk factors for colon cancer. SNP rs4075986 AG and AG+AA genotypes may be a common risk factors for colorectal cancer, rectal cancer and colon cancer.

【Objective】 To establish a risk model for predicting spontaneous rupture bleeding of renal angiomyolipoma (RAML) in order to better assess and deal with the risk. 【Methods】 The information of 436 RAML patients diagnosed during Jan.2018 and Dec.2022 was retrospectively analyzed.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 216 patients were included and divided into the rupture bleeding group (n=35) and non-rupture bleeding group (n=181).The factors influencing spontaneous rupture bleeding were identified using univariate and multivariate analysis, and a nomogram was constructed accordingly with R language.The nomogram was evaluated using Calibration curve and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). 【Results】 It was found that clinical manifestations, tumor diameter, tumor convexity, tumor blood supply, and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) were significantly correlated with rupture bleeding.The Calibration curve fitted well with the nomogram.The AUC was 0.956 (95%CI: 0.856-0.943), indicating that the nomogram had good statistical performance. 【Conclusion】 The model can effectively predict the risk of spontaneous rupture bleeding of renal angiomyolipoma.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of home pulmonary rehabilitation for lung transplant re-cipients,so as to provide a basis for the construction of targeted intervention for home rehabilitation.Methods From August to November 2023,the purposive sampling was used to select 20 cases of lung transplant recipients for semi-structured interviews.Data was analyzed by traditional content analysis method based on capability,opportunity,and motivation-behavior model.Results Facilitators of rehabilitation behavior included opportunity factors(rehabilitation management of transplant center,multiple social support),motivational factors(perceived benefits,high self-efficacy,strong motivation,strong sense of responsibility,and good exercise habits).Barriers of rehabilitation behavior included ability factors(physical dysfunction,lack of knowledge),opportunity factors(poor rehabilitation environment,heavy eco-nomic burden),motivational factors(fear of exercise,uncomfortable activity experience,and lack of rehabilitation self-discipline).Conclusion The influencing factors of home pulmonary rehabilitation in lung transplant recipients are complex.Medical staff should take targeted measures to promote home rehabilitation to improve the exercise ability,quality of life,and clinical outcomes.

Objective:To provide references for the application of finite element model in the study of cervical vertebra by statistically analysing the frequency, numerical value, properties, and boundary setting of the finite element model and the corresponding material features as well as boundary settings in the literature.Methods:The literature on cervical vertebra-related finite element models was collected from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from January 2013 to December 2023. The quality assessment was followed by manual screening. The data sources, application classification, material properties (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio), and boundary conditions of cervical vertebra, cervical intervertebral, and cervical ligaments were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 102 papers were included. The finite element models of the cervical vertebra were derived from medical image reconstruction modeling techniques, predominantly CT plain scan and magnetic resonance imaging. Among the 102 cervical vertebra models, the C3-C7 (lower cervical segment) model appeared with the highest frequency (19). The Young’s modulus of the cortical bone, cancellous bone, and posterior structure of cervical vertebrae were set at about 12 000 or 10 000, 440, and 3 600 MPa, respectively, and the Poisson’s ratios were mainly set at about 0.29 or 0.30, 0.29, and 0.29. The Young’s modulus of the cervical intervertebral disc endplate, nucleus pulposus, and annulus fibrosus were concentrated around 500 or 2 000, 1, and 100 MPa, respectively, and the Poisson’s ratios were set at about 0.40, 0.50, and 0.40, respectively. The Young’s modulus of the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, transverse ligament, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, capsular ligament, and articular cartilage of the cervical spine were set around 30, 20, 20, 6-10, 4-8, 10 or 20, 10 MPa, and the Poisson’s ratios were set at aoubt 0.30, 0.30, 0.30, 0.30, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.30, respectively. The Young’s modulus of the upper cervical interdental ligament, lamina, cruciate ligament, nuchal ligament, and pterygoid ligament were set at about 10, 10, 10 or 20, 20, and 5 MPa, respectively, and the Poisson’s ratios were set at about 0.30. Head weight settings were more common at 50, 74, and 100 N.Conclusions:The finite element model of the cervical vertebra has great value in the study of cervical spondylosis, but further optimization is still needed in the assignment of material properties, mesh division, and model verification to improve the accuracy and clinical applicability of the model.

Objective:To observe any effect of electroacupuncture applied to the Jialianquan points in treating post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia.Methods:Forty-five stroke survivors with oropharyngeal dysphagia were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture group ( n=15), a neuromuscular electrical stimulation group ( n=15) and a control group ( n=15). All groups received 30 minutes of routine swallowing function training 5 times a week for 3 weeks. The electroacupuncture group was additionally provided with 30 minutes of electroacupuncture applied to the Jialianquan (CV23) points, and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation group instead received 30 minutes of neuromuscular electrical stimulation over the bilateral submental muscles. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies were performed before and after the 3 weeks of treatment. Standardized swallowing assessment was conducted producing functional oral intake scale ratings, modified barium swallow impairment profiles and the penetration-aspiration scale scores. Surface electromyography was also employed to evaluate submental muscle functioning through measuring the swallowing time, average EMG (AEMG) value and peak amplitude. Results:After the treatment, significant improvement was observed in all of the evaluations with both groups, but the average scores were significantly better in the electroacupuncture and neuromuscular electrical stimulation groups compared with the control group and significantly better in the electroacupuncture group than in the neuromuscular electrical stimulation group.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at the Jialianquan point can significantly improve the swallowing of stroke survivors with oropharyngeal dysphagia. It is more effective than neuromuscular electric stimulation.