Objective To explore the mechanism of Tongluo Baoshen Decoction in improving podocyte injury in rats with IgA nephropathy based on Gprc5b/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Methods Totally 130 SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group(n=20)and a modeling group(n=110).The IgA nephropathy model was established using a compound modeling method,and 100 modeling rats were randomly divided into model group,losartan potassium group(5 mg/kg),and Tongluo Baoshen Decoction low-,medium-,and high-dosage groups(5.3,10.6,21.2 g/kg),with 20 rats in each group.The administration group was given the corresponding dosage of medication by gavage,while the normal group and model group were given an equal amount of distilled water by gavage once a day.After 4 and 8 weeks of administration,urine samples were collected for 24 hours,and blood and kidney tissue specimens were collected.24-hour urinary protein quantification(24 h-UTP),urinary Nephrin,serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and blood uric acid(BUA)contents were detected;RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of G protein coupled receptor C-family 5b(Gprc5b),nuclear factor(NF)-κB p50,NOD like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),Caspase-1,interleukin(IL)-1β,Nephrin mRNA and protein in renal tissue,respectively;HE,PAS,PASM,Masson staining were used to observe the morphology of renal tissue,immunofluorescence was used to observe IgA deposition in the mesangial area of renal tissue,and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of podocytes.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group rats showed significantly increased contents of 24 h-UTP,urinary Nephrin and BUA(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expressions of Gprc5b,NF-κB p50,NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β in renal tissue were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the mRNA and protein expressions of Nephrin were significantly decreased(P<0.01),with mild to moderate proliferation of mesangial cells in the glomerulus,increased mesangial matrix,and immunofluorescence showed clustered and linear deposition of IgA in the mesangial area,electron microscopy showed partial fusion of the foot processes.Compared with the model group,the 24 h-UTP and urinary Nephrin contents in different dosage groups of Tongluo Baoshen Decoction and the losartan potassium group after 4 and 8 weeks administration significantly decreased(P<0.01),with a decrease in BUA content in Tongluo Baoshen Decoction high-dosage group(P<0.05),the mRNA and protein expressions of Gprc5b,NF-κB p50,NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β in renal tissue of Tongluo Baoshen Decoction groups and losartan potassium group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the mRNA and protein expressions of Nephrin increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),with the proliferation of mesangial cells,the increase of mesangial matrix,the deposition of IgA in the mesangial area,and the fusion of foot processes in renal tissue were alleviated to varying degrees in different dosage groups of Tongluo Baoshen Decoction,with the most significant improvement observed in the high-dosage group.Compared with the 4-week administration,Tongluo Baoshen Decoction high-dose group showed further reductions in 24 h-UTP and urinary Nephrin contents after 8 weeks of administration(P<0.01),further decreases in the mRNA and protein expressions of Gprc5b,NF-κB p50,NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β in renal tissue(P<0.05,P<0.01),and further increases in the mRNA and protein expressions of Nephrin(P<0.01).Conclusion Tongluo Baoshen Decoction can reduce proteinuria,alleviate renal tissue lesions and improve podocyte injury in IgA nephropathy rats,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Gprc5b/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in renal tissue.

Objective:To explore the application value of radiomics, deep learning, and their combined models in predicting the efficacy of radioiodine adjuvant therapy in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and imaging data of 131 PTC patients (38 males, 93 females; age 41(33, 48) years) who received first 131I treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University from January 2018 to March 2023. Patients were randomly divided into a training set ( n=105) and a test set ( n=26) at the ratio of 8∶2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen clinical features to determine independent predictors affecting the efficacy of 131I therapy. Radiomics and deep learning features were extracted from the enhanced CT scans and were combined by using the extremely randomized trees (ExtraTrees) algorithm to construct radiomics, deep learning, and combined models. The predictive abilities of the models were evaluated by AUC, and the Delong test was applied to compare the difference between AUCs. Results:Higher pre-ablation stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg) levels (odds ratio( OR)=1.060, 95% CI: 1.025-1.095, P=0.004) and bilateral lesions ( OR=5.085, 95% CI: 1.452-17.814, P=0.033) were independent predictors of the efficacy of 131I therapy in intermediate to high-risk PTC patients. In the training set, the radiomics model (AUC=0.853) and combined model (AUC=0.880) significantly outperformed the deep learning model (AUC=0.711; Z values: 2.48, 3.09, P values: 0.013, 0.002), while there was no statistically significant difference between the radiomics and combined models ( Z=0.51, P=0.610). In the test set, AUCs of the radiomics, deep learning, and combined models were 0.746, 0.624, and 0.876, respectively, and the AUC of the combined model was higher than that of the radiomics model or deep learning model ( Z values: 2.05, 1.99, P values: 0.040, 0.047). Conclusion:The combined model demonstrates superior performance over the standalone radiomics model and deep learning model in predicting the efficacy of 131I treatment in PTC patients.

Cardiovascular diseases have the very high morbidity and mortality in the world.In recent years,the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum has become the focus of research.Ganoderma lucidum,a traditional Chinese medicine,has broad development prospects and resource reserves.However,the mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is still lack of a complete review.In this paper,several domestic and foreign databases including CNKI and PubMed were searched to summarize the research progress of Ganoderma lucidum in anti-atherosclerosis,lowering blood lipids and lowering blood pressure in recent ten years.The main pharmacological mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases include anti-inflammation,anti-oxidative stress,regulation of mitochondrial function,inhibition of calcium overload,regulation of intestinal flora and maintenance of cholesterol balance.On this basis.In addition,the paper also proposes to strengthen the in-depth study of Ganoderma lucidum in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases,and pointed out the shortcomings of the existing research on Ganoderma lucidum,which provided some reference and guidance for promoting the in-depth study of its mechanism of action and clinical transformation of drugs.

Objective To compare imaging quality and semi-quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG whole-body images obtained with domestic NeuWise and Philips Ingenuity TF PET/CT scanners.Methods Thirty-four patients who underwent 18F-FDG whole-body scanning using NeuWise and Philips Ingenuity TF PET/CT systems respectively on the same day were enrolled.The imaging quality and semi-quantitative parameters of 2 kind images,also the mean standard uptake value(SUVmean)of normal tissue,the maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax),peak standard uptake value(SUVpeak),SUVmean of lesions,total lesion glycolysis(TLG)and metabolic tumor volume(MTV)were compared.Results No significant difference of imaging quality nor semi-quantitative parameters of lesions(all P＞0.05),while significant differences of SUVmean of aortic arch,liver,lumbar vertebra and spinal cord were found between 2 kind images(all P＜0.05).Strong correlations of SUVmax,SUVmean,MTV and TLG of lesions(r,=0.734-0.890,P＜0.001),and high correlation of SUVpeak(rs=0.919,P＜0.001)were found between 2 kind images.The consistency of SUVmax,SUVpeak,SUVmean,TLG and MTV at the lesion site between 2 kind images were very good to extremely good(ICC=0.891-0.986,all P＜0.001),and the differences of all above semi-quantitative parameters were within 95％confidence interval.Conclusion Imaging quality of 18F-FDG whole-body images obtained with domestic NeuWise and Philips Ingenuity TF PET/CT scanners could meet the requirements of clinical diagnosis and treatment,and semi-quantitative parameters obtained based on both images had good consistencies.

Cardiovascular diseases have the very high morbidity and mortality in the world.In recent years,the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum has become the focus of research.Ganoderma lucidum,a traditional Chinese medicine,has broad development prospects and resource reserves.However,the mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is still lack of a complete review.In this paper,several domestic and foreign databases including CNKI and PubMed were searched to summarize the research progress of Ganoderma lucidum in anti-atherosclerosis,lowering blood lipids and lowering blood pressure in recent ten years.The main pharmacological mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases include anti-inflammation,anti-oxidative stress,regulation of mitochondrial function,inhibition of calcium overload,regulation of intestinal flora and maintenance of cholesterol balance.On this basis.In addition,the paper also proposes to strengthen the in-depth study of Ganoderma lucidum in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases,and pointed out the shortcomings of the existing research on Ganoderma lucidum,which provided some reference and guidance for promoting the in-depth study of its mechanism of action and clinical transformation of drugs.

Objective To compare imaging quality and semi-quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG whole-body images obtained with domestic NeuWise and Philips Ingenuity TF PET/CT scanners.Methods Thirty-four patients who underwent 18F-FDG whole-body scanning using NeuWise and Philips Ingenuity TF PET/CT systems respectively on the same day were enrolled.The imaging quality and semi-quantitative parameters of 2 kind images,also the mean standard uptake value(SUVmean)of normal tissue,the maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax),peak standard uptake value(SUVpeak),SUVmean of lesions,total lesion glycolysis(TLG)and metabolic tumor volume(MTV)were compared.Results No significant difference of imaging quality nor semi-quantitative parameters of lesions(all P＞0.05),while significant differences of SUVmean of aortic arch,liver,lumbar vertebra and spinal cord were found between 2 kind images(all P＜0.05).Strong correlations of SUVmax,SUVmean,MTV and TLG of lesions(r,=0.734-0.890,P＜0.001),and high correlation of SUVpeak(rs=0.919,P＜0.001)were found between 2 kind images.The consistency of SUVmax,SUVpeak,SUVmean,TLG and MTV at the lesion site between 2 kind images were very good to extremely good(ICC=0.891-0.986,all P＜0.001),and the differences of all above semi-quantitative parameters were within 95％confidence interval.Conclusion Imaging quality of 18F-FDG whole-body images obtained with domestic NeuWise and Philips Ingenuity TF PET/CT scanners could meet the requirements of clinical diagnosis and treatment,and semi-quantitative parameters obtained based on both images had good consistencies.

Objective To explore the mechanism of Tongluo Baoshen Decoction in improving podocyte injury in rats with IgA nephropathy based on Gprc5b/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Methods Totally 130 SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group(n=20)and a modeling group(n=110).The IgA nephropathy model was established using a compound modeling method,and 100 modeling rats were randomly divided into model group,losartan potassium group(5 mg/kg),and Tongluo Baoshen Decoction low-,medium-,and high-dosage groups(5.3,10.6,21.2 g/kg),with 20 rats in each group.The administration group was given the corresponding dosage of medication by gavage,while the normal group and model group were given an equal amount of distilled water by gavage once a day.After 4 and 8 weeks of administration,urine samples were collected for 24 hours,and blood and kidney tissue specimens were collected.24-hour urinary protein quantification(24 h-UTP),urinary Nephrin,serum creatinine(SCr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and blood uric acid(BUA)contents were detected;RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of G protein coupled receptor C-family 5b(Gprc5b),nuclear factor(NF)-κB p50,NOD like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),Caspase-1,interleukin(IL)-1β,Nephrin mRNA and protein in renal tissue,respectively;HE,PAS,PASM,Masson staining were used to observe the morphology of renal tissue,immunofluorescence was used to observe IgA deposition in the mesangial area of renal tissue,and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of podocytes.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group rats showed significantly increased contents of 24 h-UTP,urinary Nephrin and BUA(P<0.01),the mRNA and protein expressions of Gprc5b,NF-κB p50,NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β in renal tissue were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the mRNA and protein expressions of Nephrin were significantly decreased(P<0.01),with mild to moderate proliferation of mesangial cells in the glomerulus,increased mesangial matrix,and immunofluorescence showed clustered and linear deposition of IgA in the mesangial area,electron microscopy showed partial fusion of the foot processes.Compared with the model group,the 24 h-UTP and urinary Nephrin contents in different dosage groups of Tongluo Baoshen Decoction and the losartan potassium group after 4 and 8 weeks administration significantly decreased(P<0.01),with a decrease in BUA content in Tongluo Baoshen Decoction high-dosage group(P<0.05),the mRNA and protein expressions of Gprc5b,NF-κB p50,NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β in renal tissue of Tongluo Baoshen Decoction groups and losartan potassium group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the mRNA and protein expressions of Nephrin increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),with the proliferation of mesangial cells,the increase of mesangial matrix,the deposition of IgA in the mesangial area,and the fusion of foot processes in renal tissue were alleviated to varying degrees in different dosage groups of Tongluo Baoshen Decoction,with the most significant improvement observed in the high-dosage group.Compared with the 4-week administration,Tongluo Baoshen Decoction high-dose group showed further reductions in 24 h-UTP and urinary Nephrin contents after 8 weeks of administration(P<0.01),further decreases in the mRNA and protein expressions of Gprc5b,NF-κB p50,NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β in renal tissue(P<0.05,P<0.01),and further increases in the mRNA and protein expressions of Nephrin(P<0.01).Conclusion Tongluo Baoshen Decoction can reduce proteinuria,alleviate renal tissue lesions and improve podocyte injury in IgA nephropathy rats,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Gprc5b/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in renal tissue.

Objective:To explore the application value of radiomics, deep learning, and their combined models in predicting the efficacy of radioiodine adjuvant therapy in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and imaging data of 131 PTC patients (38 males, 93 females; age 41(33, 48) years) who received first 131I treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University from January 2018 to March 2023. Patients were randomly divided into a training set ( n=105) and a test set ( n=26) at the ratio of 8∶2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen clinical features to determine independent predictors affecting the efficacy of 131I therapy. Radiomics and deep learning features were extracted from the enhanced CT scans and were combined by using the extremely randomized trees (ExtraTrees) algorithm to construct radiomics, deep learning, and combined models. The predictive abilities of the models were evaluated by AUC, and the Delong test was applied to compare the difference between AUCs. Results:Higher pre-ablation stimulated thyroglobulin (ps-Tg) levels (odds ratio( OR)=1.060, 95% CI: 1.025-1.095, P=0.004) and bilateral lesions ( OR=5.085, 95% CI: 1.452-17.814, P=0.033) were independent predictors of the efficacy of 131I therapy in intermediate to high-risk PTC patients. In the training set, the radiomics model (AUC=0.853) and combined model (AUC=0.880) significantly outperformed the deep learning model (AUC=0.711; Z values: 2.48, 3.09, P values: 0.013, 0.002), while there was no statistically significant difference between the radiomics and combined models ( Z=0.51, P=0.610). In the test set, AUCs of the radiomics, deep learning, and combined models were 0.746, 0.624, and 0.876, respectively, and the AUC of the combined model was higher than that of the radiomics model or deep learning model ( Z values: 2.05, 1.99, P values: 0.040, 0.047). Conclusion:The combined model demonstrates superior performance over the standalone radiomics model and deep learning model in predicting the efficacy of 131I treatment in PTC patients.

Objective To observe the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters for predicting spread through air spaces(STAS)of clinical stage Ⅰa—Ⅲa lung adenocarcinoma.Methods Data of 85 patients with clinical stage Ⅰa—Ⅲ a lung adenocarcinoma who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into positive group(n=23)or negative group(n=62)according to whether pathology showed STAS or not.Clinical and PET/CT data were compared between groups,and logistic analysis was performed to explore the efficacy of each parameter for predicting STAS.Results Significant differences of gender,carcinoma embryonic antigen,clinical stage,pathological grade,micropapillary growth and proportion were found between groups(all P＜0.05).The maximum,the mean,the peak standard uptake value(SUVmax,SUVmean,SUVpeak),as well as the maximum,the mean and the peak standard uptake value normalized by lean body mass(SULmax,SULmean,SULpeak),also the total lesion glycolysis(TLG)in positive group were all significantly higher than those in negative group(all P＜0.05).Patients'gender,proportion of micropapillary growth,SUVmax and SULmax were all independent risk factors of STAS of clinical stage Ⅰa—Ⅲa lung adenocarcinoma.The area under the curve(AUC)of the above parameters for predicting STAS was 0.666,0.912,0.839 and 0.842,respectively,and of the combination was 0.957.Conclusion 18 F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters SUVmax and SULmax were helpful for predicting STAS of clinical stage Ⅰa—Ⅲ a lung adenocarcinoma,and further combination of gender and proportion of micropapillary growth could improve diagnostic efficacy.

Objective:To provide references for the application of finite element model in the study of cervical vertebra by statistically analysing the frequency, numerical value, properties, and boundary setting of the finite element model and the corresponding material features as well as boundary settings in the literature.Methods:The literature on cervical vertebra-related finite element models was collected from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from January 2013 to December 2023. The quality assessment was followed by manual screening. The data sources, application classification, material properties (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio), and boundary conditions of cervical vertebra, cervical intervertebral, and cervical ligaments were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 102 papers were included. The finite element models of the cervical vertebra were derived from medical image reconstruction modeling techniques, predominantly CT plain scan and magnetic resonance imaging. Among the 102 cervical vertebra models, the C3-C7 (lower cervical segment) model appeared with the highest frequency (19). The Young’s modulus of the cortical bone, cancellous bone, and posterior structure of cervical vertebrae were set at about 12 000 or 10 000, 440, and 3 600 MPa, respectively, and the Poisson’s ratios were mainly set at about 0.29 or 0.30, 0.29, and 0.29. The Young’s modulus of the cervical intervertebral disc endplate, nucleus pulposus, and annulus fibrosus were concentrated around 500 or 2 000, 1, and 100 MPa, respectively, and the Poisson’s ratios were set at about 0.40, 0.50, and 0.40, respectively. The Young’s modulus of the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, transverse ligament, ligamentum flavum, interspinous ligament, capsular ligament, and articular cartilage of the cervical spine were set around 30, 20, 20, 6-10, 4-8, 10 or 20, 10 MPa, and the Poisson’s ratios were set at aoubt 0.30, 0.30, 0.30, 0.30, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.30, respectively. The Young’s modulus of the upper cervical interdental ligament, lamina, cruciate ligament, nuchal ligament, and pterygoid ligament were set at about 10, 10, 10 or 20, 20, and 5 MPa, respectively, and the Poisson’s ratios were set at about 0.30. Head weight settings were more common at 50, 74, and 100 N.Conclusions:The finite element model of the cervical vertebra has great value in the study of cervical spondylosis, but further optimization is still needed in the assignment of material properties, mesh division, and model verification to improve the accuracy and clinical applicability of the model.