BACKGROUND:The liver,as the main target organ for arsenic toxicity,has become the focus of studies related to the mechanism of action of arsenic toxicity.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of sodium arsenite(NaAsO2)on lipid metabolism,cell proliferation,apoptosis,and expression of related regulatory factors in human normal hepatocytes.METHODS:MIHA normal human hepatocyte cell lines were exposed to 0,10,20,and 30 μmol/L NaAsO2 for 48 hours.Cell morphology changes were observed by light microscopy.Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.The cell serum total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and total bile acids were detected by single-agent COD-PAP assay,single-agent GPO-PAP assay,and enzyme microplate assay.The intracellular lipid content was detected by oil red O staining.Cell proliferation was detected by Edu-488 infiltration.Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by PI staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI dual-labeling combined with flow cytometry.The mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha,cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,and farnesoid X receptor were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group(0 μmol/L NaAsO2),with the increase of NaAsO2 concentration:MIHA cell viability decreased gradually.The content of total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in cell supernatant increased gradually,while the contents of total bile acids decreased gradually.The content of intracellular lipid increased gradually.The proportion of cells stagnating in S phase and G2/M phase gradually increased,and the apoptosis rate gradually increased.The expression level of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha mRNA did not show significant changes,while cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and farnesoid X receptor mRNA expression levels decreased.The protein expression levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha,cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,and farnesoid X receptor decreased gradually.(2)NaAsO2 has cytotoxicity,significantly reduces MIHA cell viability,induces cell steatosis,inhibits cell proliferation,and induces cell apoptosis.NaAsO2 down-regulates hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha protein expression and the transcription and expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and farnesoid X receptor,which further induces lipid metabolism disorders in hepatocytes.

BACKGROUND:The liver,as the main target organ for arsenic toxicity,has become the focus of studies related to the mechanism of action of arsenic toxicity.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of sodium arsenite(NaAsO2)on lipid metabolism,cell proliferation,apoptosis,and expression of related regulatory factors in human normal hepatocytes.METHODS:MIHA normal human hepatocyte cell lines were exposed to 0,10,20,and 30 μmol/L NaAsO2 for 48 hours.Cell morphology changes were observed by light microscopy.Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.The cell serum total cholesterol,triacylglycerol,and total bile acids were detected by single-agent COD-PAP assay,single-agent GPO-PAP assay,and enzyme microplate assay.The intracellular lipid content was detected by oil red O staining.Cell proliferation was detected by Edu-488 infiltration.Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by PI staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI dual-labeling combined with flow cytometry.The mRNA and protein expression levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha,cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,and farnesoid X receptor were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot assay,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the control group(0 μmol/L NaAsO2),with the increase of NaAsO2 concentration:MIHA cell viability decreased gradually.The content of total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in cell supernatant increased gradually,while the contents of total bile acids decreased gradually.The content of intracellular lipid increased gradually.The proportion of cells stagnating in S phase and G2/M phase gradually increased,and the apoptosis rate gradually increased.The expression level of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha mRNA did not show significant changes,while cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and farnesoid X receptor mRNA expression levels decreased.The protein expression levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha,cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,and farnesoid X receptor decreased gradually.(2)NaAsO2 has cytotoxicity,significantly reduces MIHA cell viability,induces cell steatosis,inhibits cell proliferation,and induces cell apoptosis.NaAsO2 down-regulates hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha protein expression and the transcription and expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and farnesoid X receptor,which further induces lipid metabolism disorders in hepatocytes.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness and safety profile of centrifugal and membrane plasma separation model in artificial liver therapy with a dual plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS).Method:A retrospective study was conducted. Data of inpatients with liver failure who were treated with DPMAS therapy in the Liver Disease Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, from October 2022 to June 2024 were included. Clinical data such as demographic characteristics, etiology, DPMAS treatment-related indicators (including plasma separation method, vascular access, frequency of treatment, treatment duration, type of anticoagulant drugs, and membrane rupture condition), and laboratory test indicators before and after DPMAS treatment were collected. Categorical variables were compared by the χ2 test. Continuous variables were compared using a t-test or a non-parametric test between groups. Result:Data of 232 cases with liver failure who received artificial liver therapy with DPMAS were included. A total of 473 times DPMAS treatment was given. The average age was 50 years old, and males accounted for 82.3%. Centrifugal plasma separation was the initial DPMAS treatment in 176 (75.9%) cases, while membrane plasma separation was used in 56 cases (24.1%). The most common vascular access for DPMAS treatment was the internal jugular vein. The most commonly used anticoagulant was unfractionated heparin. The treatment duration of DPMAS was significantly higher with centrifugal separation than that with membrane separation ( P<0.001). Hemoglobin levels (mean before and after treatment in the centrifugal: 112.8 g/L vs. 106.3 g/L, P<0.001; mean before and after treatment in the membrane group: 108.4 g/L vs. 103.3 g/L, P<0.001), red blood cell count (mean before and after treatment in the centrifugal group: 3.7×10 9/L vs. 3.5×10 9/L, P<0.001; mean before and after treatment in the membrane group: 3.5×10 9/L vs. 3.3×10 9/L, P<0.001) and platelet count (mean before and after treatment in the centrifugal group: 134.5×10 9/L vs. 119.6×10 9/L, P<0.001; mean before and after treatment in the membrane group: 120.7 ×10 9/L vs. 97.3 ×10 9/L, P<0.001) were slightly decreased following initial DPMAS treatment in both groups. The decrease in platelets was significantly lower in centrifugal separation than that in membrane separation (median: 10.4% vs. 17.0%; P=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference observed in the proportion of puncture site bleeding in terms of plasma separation-related adverse events between the two groups, but plasma separator membrane rupture occurred two times in the DPMAS treatment. Conclusion:Centrifugal and membrane separation, both with DPMAS therapy, can cause a slight decrease in hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and platelets in patients with liver failure. Membrane separation causes a larger drop in platelets than centrifugal plasma separation. The operational convenience of medical personnel, the risk of membrane rupture, the coagulation markers, the patient's vascular condition, and other factors should be comprehensively considered when choosing the plasma separation model.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness and safety profile of centrifugal and membrane plasma separation model in artificial liver therapy with a dual plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS).Method:A retrospective study was conducted. Data of inpatients with liver failure who were treated with DPMAS therapy in the Liver Disease Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, from October 2022 to June 2024 were included. Clinical data such as demographic characteristics, etiology, DPMAS treatment-related indicators (including plasma separation method, vascular access, frequency of treatment, treatment duration, type of anticoagulant drugs, and membrane rupture condition), and laboratory test indicators before and after DPMAS treatment were collected. Categorical variables were compared by the χ2 test. Continuous variables were compared using a t-test or a non-parametric test between groups. Result:Data of 232 cases with liver failure who received artificial liver therapy with DPMAS were included. A total of 473 times DPMAS treatment was given. The average age was 50 years old, and males accounted for 82.3%. Centrifugal plasma separation was the initial DPMAS treatment in 176 (75.9%) cases, while membrane plasma separation was used in 56 cases (24.1%). The most common vascular access for DPMAS treatment was the internal jugular vein. The most commonly used anticoagulant was unfractionated heparin. The treatment duration of DPMAS was significantly higher with centrifugal separation than that with membrane separation ( P<0.001). Hemoglobin levels (mean before and after treatment in the centrifugal: 112.8 g/L vs. 106.3 g/L, P<0.001; mean before and after treatment in the membrane group: 108.4 g/L vs. 103.3 g/L, P<0.001), red blood cell count (mean before and after treatment in the centrifugal group: 3.7×10 9/L vs. 3.5×10 9/L, P<0.001; mean before and after treatment in the membrane group: 3.5×10 9/L vs. 3.3×10 9/L, P<0.001) and platelet count (mean before and after treatment in the centrifugal group: 134.5×10 9/L vs. 119.6×10 9/L, P<0.001; mean before and after treatment in the membrane group: 120.7 ×10 9/L vs. 97.3 ×10 9/L, P<0.001) were slightly decreased following initial DPMAS treatment in both groups. The decrease in platelets was significantly lower in centrifugal separation than that in membrane separation (median: 10.4% vs. 17.0%; P=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference observed in the proportion of puncture site bleeding in terms of plasma separation-related adverse events between the two groups, but plasma separator membrane rupture occurred two times in the DPMAS treatment. Conclusion:Centrifugal and membrane separation, both with DPMAS therapy, can cause a slight decrease in hemoglobin, red blood cell count, and platelets in patients with liver failure. Membrane separation causes a larger drop in platelets than centrifugal plasma separation. The operational convenience of medical personnel, the risk of membrane rupture, the coagulation markers, the patient's vascular condition, and other factors should be comprehensively considered when choosing the plasma separation model.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the onset of cerebral infarction in anterior and posterior circulation and the "three high" risk factors in Guangzhou communities. Methods From Jan. 2014 to Jan.2016,367 patients from Guangzhou communities were diagnosed with new cerebral infarction by head diffu-sion weighted imaging(DWI).The data were divided into two groups of anterior and posterior circulation,and uni-variate and multivariate methods were used to analyze the relationship between the "three high" and other risk factors and the onset of cerebral infarction in anterior and posterior circulation.The data of anterior circulation cere-bral infarction were further divided into two subgroups of lacunar and non-lacunar infarction,and the same statisti-cal methods were employed to analyze differences of risk factors between the two subgroups. Results The frequen-cies of hypertension(P = 0.040)and large atherosclerotic infarction(P = 0.012)were significantly higher,and the serum high-density lipoprotein(HDL)level(P = 0.045)was significantly lower in posterior circulation than those in anterior circulation,respectively;and the onset of posterior circulation cerebral infarction was more associ-ated with the incidence of hypertension(OR = 1.767,P = 0.035)and the decrease of HDL(OR = 0.380,P =0.021). In anterior circulation,the levels of systolic blood pressure(SBP)(P = 0.011)and diastolic blood pres-sure(DBP)(P=0.000),as well as the frequency of large atherosclerotic infarction(P=0.000)in non-lacunar infarction subgroup were significantly higher than those in lacunar infarction subgroup respectively,and the onset of non-lacunar infarction was more closely related to increased SBP levels(OR=1.045,P=0.001). Conclusions Among the"three high"risk factors,the onset of posterior circulation cerebral infarction is more closely related to the incidence of hypertension and the decrease of HDL.In anterior circulation,and the onset of non-lacunar infarc-tion is more closely related to the increased levels of DBP and SBP,especially to the elevated levels of SBP.

No abstract available.
Vitiligo*