Objective To investigate the effects of meridian and tendon acupuncture on the mitochondrial apoptosis of quadriceps femoris muscle cells in model rats of knee osteoarthritis(KOA);To explore its mechanism for the treatment of KOA.Methods Totally 40 SPF healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group(10 rats)and modeling group(30 rats).The modified Hulth method was used to establish a KOA rat model.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,celecoxib group and meridian and tendon acupuncture group,with 9 rats in each group.Corresponding intervention measures were given to each group for 14 consecutive days.Improved Lequesne MG score was used for evaluating knee joint function in rats,measuring thigh circumference,quadriceps femoris wet weight,wet weight maintenance rate and wet weight ratio of the affected limb,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of quadriceps femoris tissue,TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis of quadriceps femoris cells,immunofluorescence was used to detect the expressions of reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris muscle tissue,fluorescence double staining method was used to detect the co-expression of ROS and Caspase-3 in quadriceps femoris tissue,Western blot was used to detect the expressions of apoptosis related proteins in quadriceps femoris tissue.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the improved Lequesne MG score of the knee joint in the model group rats increased(P<0.05),the circumference of the thigh,wet weight of the quadriceps femoris,wet weight maintenance rate and wet weight ratio of the affected limb decreased(P<0.05),the arrangement of quadriceps femoris muscle fibers was disordered and loose,with some muscle fibers dissolved and necrotic,accompanied by a large amount of inflammatory exudate,an increase in lymphocytes,and an increase in cell apoptosis index(P<0.05),the expressions of ROS,Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris tissue increased,while the expression of SOD decreased(P<0.05),the protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bcl-XL,Bax,Cytochrome C(CytC),Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris tissue increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the improved Lequesne MG scores of the knee joint in the celecoxib group and the meridian and tendon acupuncture group decreased(P<0.05),while thigh circumference,quadriceps femoris wet weight,wet weight maintenance rate,wet weight ratio increased(P<0.05),the structure of quadriceps femoris muscle fibers was normal,the muscle membrane was relatively intact,the apoptosis index decreased(P<0.05),the expressions of ROS,Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris tissue decreased,while the expression of SOD increased(P<0.05),the protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bcl-XL,Bax,CytC,Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris muscle tissue decreased(P<0.05),and the expression trend of ROS and Caspase-3 in fluorescent double staining was consistent.Conclusion Meridian and tendon acupuncture can reduce ROS in the quadriceps femoris tissue of KOA model rats,inhibit the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins,thereby improving skeletal muscle strength,and play a certain therapeutic role.

Objective:To discuss the effect of acupuncture on the differentiation and apoptosis of quadriceps muscle satellite cells in model rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA),and to clarify its related mechanism.Methods:A total of 40 SPF-grade rats were selected and randomly divided into control group,model group,celecoxib group,and acupuncture group,with 10 rats in each group.The rats in control group only underwent joint cavity incision followed by suturing,while the rats in model group,celecoxib group,and acupuncture group were used to replicate the KOA models.The maximum circumference of the femoral segment of the affected limb,rat body mass,and quadriceps wet weight of the rats in various groups were measured;the quadriceps wet weight maintenance rate and quadriceps wet weight/body mass ratio of the rats in various groups were calculated.HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of articular cartilage and quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in various groups;terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)method was used to detect the apoptosis indexes in articular cartilage and quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in various groups;immunofluorescence method was used to detect the protein expression levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),Janus kinase(JAK),and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway proteins,and muscle satellite cells,and apoptosis-related proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the affected hind limb circumference,quadriceps wet weight,wet weight maintenance rate,and wet weight/body mass ratio of the rats in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the affected hind limb circumference,quadriceps wet weight,wet weight maintenance rate,and wet weight/body mass ratio of the rats in celecoxib group and acupuncture group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with celecoxib group,the affected hind limb circumference,quadriceps wet weight,wet weight maintenance rate,and wet weight/body mass ratio of the rats in acupuncture group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The HE staining results showed that the knee articular cartilage of the rats in control group remained intact,chondrocytes were aggregated and horizontally arranged with smooth edges,and quadriceps muscle cells were long cylindrical,orderly arranged,and regular in shape;in model group,the knee articular cartilage was thinner with rough edges,reduced number of cartilage layers,and disordered arrangement,and the quadriceps muscle fibers were disorganized,with some muscle fiber dissolution and muscle cell membrane damage,accompanied by muscle fiber fragments and a large amount of inflammatory exudate;in celecoxib group,the morphology of knee articular cartilage was generally normal,occasionally with irregular cartilage arrangement and reduced thickness,sporadically visible necrotic chondrocytes,quadriceps muscle fibers and sarcolemma were relatively intact,new muscle fibers appeared,some muscle fiber edges were blurred,accompanied by a small amount of cell debris and mild inflammatory infiltration;in acupuncture group,the knee articular cartilage structure remained intact with smooth edges,occasionally rough edges,and chondrocytes were aggregated and orderly arranged.The TUNEL assay results showed that compared with control group,the apoptosis indexes in articular cartilage and quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the apoptosis indexes in articular cartilage and quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in celecoxib group and acupuncture group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with celecoxib group,the apoptosis index in articular cartilage and quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in acupuncture group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The immunofluorescence assay results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of IL-6,JAK,and STAT3 proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of IL-6,JAK,and STAT3 proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in celecoxib group and acupuncture group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with celecoxib group,the expression levels of IL-6,JAK,and STAT3 proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in acupuncture group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of IL-6,JAK,STAT3,paired box transcription factor 7(Pax7),Desmin,Myosin,and Myogenin proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of IL-6,JAK,STAT3,Pax7,Desmin,Myosin,and Myogenin proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in celecoxib group and acupuncture group were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with celecoxib group,the expression levels of IL-6,JAK,STAT3,Pax7,Desmin,Myosin,and Myogenin proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in acupuncture group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),B-cell lymphoma-xl(Bcl-xl),and myeloid cell leukemia 1(MCL1)proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue in model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3(Caspase-3)proteins were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with model group,the expression levels of Bcl-2,Bcl-xl,and MCL1 proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in celecoxib group and acupuncture group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with celecoxib group,the expression levels of Bcl-2,Bcl-xl,and MCL1 proteins in quadriceps muscle tissue of the rats in acupuncture group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture can promote the differentiation of quadriceps muscle satellite cells and inhibit muscle cell apoptosis in the model rats with KOA,and the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of expressions of IL-6,JAK,and STAT3 proteins in the quadriceps muscle tissue.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of an obstetric artificial intelligence (AI) assistant combined with a family-centered health education model on maternal self-care ability, comfort status, and spousal caregiving ability.Methods:This prospective, single-center, parallel randomized controlled trial used 1∶1 randomization and was conducted as a superiority trial. Postpartum mothers and their spouses admitted to family-style single rooms at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between October 2024 and April 2025 were enrolled and randomly assigned to control or intervention groups using a random number table. The control group received conventional health education, while the intervention group received conventional health education plus the AI-assisted family-centered model. Interventions were administered at 2 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours postpartum, and before discharge. Outcomes included maternal self-care ability, comfort status, and spousal caregiving ability, which were assessed at 2 hours postpartum and before discharge. Data were analyzed using independent and paired t-tests and Chi square tests. Results:Of the 88 mother-spouse dyads initially recruited, four were excluded due to mother-infant separation (e.g., neonatal jaundice), leaving 84 dyads (42 per group). After the intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher maternal self-care ability scores [(192.81±13.80) vs. (181.00±21.41) scores, t=3.00], higher maternal comfort scores [(104.43±7.52) vs. (96.00±14.29) scores, t=3.38], and better spousal caregiving ability [(6.07±3.13) vs. (9.50±5.02) scores, t=－3.76] compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The obstetric AI assistant combined with a family-centered health education model significantly improved maternal self-care ability and comfort status, as well as spousal caregiving ability.

AIM:To evaluate the safety and toler-ability of single dose oral BTK inhibitor YZJ-3058 tablets under fasting conditions in healthy adults,as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacologi-cal characteristics of YZJ-3058 and its metabolites.METHODS:A total of 22 healthy subjects were en-rolled in this experiment and administered a single dose orally.They were divided into three groups:50 mg,100 mg,and 200 mg.Among them,2 sub-jects were enrolled in the 50 mg dose group,and 10 subjects were enrolled in the 100 mg and 200 mg dose groups,respectively.RESULTS:In healthy subjects,YZJ-3058 tablets were administered orally on an empty stomach at doses of 50,100,and 200 mg,with a median Tmax of 1.25 to 2.00 hours and an average Cmax of 62.85,89.44,and 99.20 ng/mL,re-spectively.The average AUC0-t was 183.87,297.72,and 453.98 h·ng-1·mL,respectively.The average AUC0-∞ was 189.30,321.33,and 551.44 h·ng-1·mL,and the median t1/2 was 1.16,5.06,and 7.97 hours,respectively.After a single oral administration of 50,100,and 200 mg YZJ-3058 tablets,the highest target occupancy rate was achieved at 4 hours.The average BTK occupancy rates at 24 hours after ad-ministration were 88.95％,96.73％,and 99.24％,re-spectively.The average BTK occupancy rates at 48 hours after administration were 75.65％,89.80％,and 96.68％,respectively.No serious adverse events or adverse events leading to withdrawal oc-curred,and all subjects had good tolerability.CON-CLUSION:YZJ-3058 tablets have good safety and tolerability for single oral administration on an empty stomach in healthy subjects within the dose range of 50-200 mg.Cmax and AUC increase with dose,with fast absorption and saturation.The ter-minal elimination rate gradually slows down with dose increase,and it has a significant and sus-tained occupying effect on BTK targets.

Objective To evaluate clinical effect of remote ischemic conditioning(RIC)in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(sICH).Methods Sixty-four patients with sICH who were diagnosed and admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2023 to May 2024 were selected as research subjects.Following the principle of matching baseline characteristics between groups,a computerized random grouping program was used to divide them into an observation group of 32 cases and a control group of 32 cases.Patients in the control group received standard basic medication according to the'Chinese Clinical Management Guidelines for Cerebrovascular Diseases',while the observation group received RIC treatment in addition to the control group's treatment,with a course of 14 d.The changes in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores and Barthel index(BI,daily living ability score table)on the day of admission and after 14 d of treatment,the changes in hematoma volume on computed tomography(CT)imaging,and the incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results At admission,the difference is not statistically significant in NIHSS scores,BI,and CT imaging hematoma volume between the two groups(P>0.05).After 14 d of treatment,the NIHSS scores of both groups were reduced compared to before treatment,and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the BI of both groups was increased compared to before,and the scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in CT imaging hematoma volume and the incidence of adverse events between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Continuous RIC treatment for 14 d is safe and well-tolerated in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and can effectively improve the neurological function of patients.

Objective To explore the mechanism of acupuncture protection of quadriceps muscle cells in knee osteoarthritis model rats based on Piezo1/YAP/Caspase3 axis.Methods 40 SPF grade Wistar rats were selected and adaptively fed for 7 days before being divided into three groups:sham surgery group,model group,western medicine group,and acupuncture group,with 10 rats in each group,according to a random control table.The model group,Western medicine group,and acupuncture group used the modified Hulth method to construct knee osteoarthritis models,while the sham surgery group only cut open the joint cavity and sutured it.After successful model replication,the sham surgery group was given physiological saline by gavage,the western medicine group was given celecoxib solution by gavage,and the acupuncture group was given acupuncture at the infrapatellar,crane top,and blood sea levels.Each group was intervened once a day for 14 consecutive days.During the treatment period,the rats continued to undergo treadmill training.After the intervention,the hematoxylin eosin staining method(HE)was used to detect the morphological changes of various rat quadriceps muscle tissues and articular cartilage;TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis of quadriceps muscle cells,immunofluorescence method was used to detect the protein expression of Piezo1,YAP,and p-YAP in quadriceps muscle cells,Western blot method was used to detect the expression of anti apoptotic proteins CTGF,AREG,Gli2,AFP in quadriceps muscle tissue,as well as the protein expression levels of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2,Bcl-xl,Bax,cytc,and Caspase3.Results Compared with the model group,the western medicine group and the acupuncture group had higher thigh circumference,quadriceps wet weight,wet weight maintenance rate,and wet weight to body weight ratio(P<0.05).Compared with the western medicine group,the acupuncture group had higher thigh circumference,quadriceps wet weight,wet weight maintenance rate,and wet weight to body weight ratio(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the apoptosis index of the quadriceps muscle in the Western medicine group and acupuncture group rats was lower,and the apoptosis index of the quadriceps muscle in the acupuncture group was lower(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the Western medicine group and acupuncture group showed higher expression of Piezo1 and p-YAP proteins in the quadriceps femoris muscle tissue,lower expression of YAP protein,higher expression of CTGF,AREG,Gli2,AFP proteins,higher expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl proteins,and lower expression of Bax,cytc,and Caspase3 proteins(P<0.05).Compared with the Western medicine group,the acupuncture group showed higher expression of Piezo1 and p-YAP proteins in the quadriceps muscle tissue,lower expression of YAP protein,higher expression of CTGF,AREG,Gli2,AFP proteins,higher expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl proteins,and lower expression of Bax,cytc,and Caspase3 proteins(P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture increases the expression of Piezo1 protein in the quadriceps femoris muscle of knee osteoarthritis model rats,promotes the phosphorylation of YAP into the nucleus,thereby promoting proliferation,anti apoptotic proteins CTGF,AREG,Gli2,and AFP protein expression,inhibiting Caspase3-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis,and protecting muscle cells.

This article summarized the overview of voice training, common training forms, and the application effect of voice training in the treatment of speech disorders in Parkinson′s disease patients, analyzed the shortcomings of its application and put forward prospects for future research, aiming to provide valuable references for both patients and healthcare workers.

Objective To evaluate clinical effect of remote ischemic conditioning(RIC)in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(sICH).Methods Sixty-four patients with sICH who were diagnosed and admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2023 to May 2024 were selected as research subjects.Following the principle of matching baseline characteristics between groups,a computerized random grouping program was used to divide them into an observation group of 32 cases and a control group of 32 cases.Patients in the control group received standard basic medication according to the'Chinese Clinical Management Guidelines for Cerebrovascular Diseases',while the observation group received RIC treatment in addition to the control group's treatment,with a course of 14 d.The changes in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores and Barthel index(BI,daily living ability score table)on the day of admission and after 14 d of treatment,the changes in hematoma volume on computed tomography(CT)imaging,and the incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results At admission,the difference is not statistically significant in NIHSS scores,BI,and CT imaging hematoma volume between the two groups(P>0.05).After 14 d of treatment,the NIHSS scores of both groups were reduced compared to before treatment,and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the BI of both groups was increased compared to before,and the scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in CT imaging hematoma volume and the incidence of adverse events between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Continuous RIC treatment for 14 d is safe and well-tolerated in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and can effectively improve the neurological function of patients.

Objective To assess the nutritional status of patients undergoing preventive ileostomy and identify the factors that influence the status,thereby providing guidance for medical staff to formulate nutritional intervention strategies.Methods Convenient sampling was used to select 239 patients undergoing preventive ileostomy who were attending follow-up visits or hospitalized while awaiting stoma closure at 4 tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou from November 2023 to July 2024.Data was collected by a general information questionnaire and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment tool.Factors influencing nutritional status were analyzed by multivariable ordinal Logistic regression.Results Of the 239 patients,227 provided valid responses.The nutritional status was categorized as follows:64 patients(28.19％)had good nutrition or were at risk of malnutrition;104(45.81％)exhibited moderate malnutrition;59(25.99％)had severe malnutrition.Multivariable ordinal Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative cumulative chemotherapy cycles,postoperative duration,age,current dietaiy type,use of oral nutritional supplements(ONS),enterostomy-related complications,and stoma self-care ability were significant predictors of nutritional status(P＜0.05).Conclusion Patients undergoing preventive ileostomy are at a high risk of moderate to severe malnutrition and ONS provided to patients did not result in a meaningful improvement in their nutritional health.Specifically,those patients with a higher number of cumulative preoperative chemotherapy cycles,shorter postoperative recovery time,aged ≥ 65 years,liquid diet or semi-liquid diet,experiencing enterostomy-related complications,or poor stoma self-care ability,are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition.These findings underscore the need for medical staff to formulate intervention strategies based on these factors to improve nutritional status of patients undergoing preventive ileostomy.

Objective To investigate the effects of meridian and tendon acupuncture on the mitochondrial apoptosis of quadriceps femoris muscle cells in model rats of knee osteoarthritis(KOA);To explore its mechanism for the treatment of KOA.Methods Totally 40 SPF healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group(10 rats)and modeling group(30 rats).The modified Hulth method was used to establish a KOA rat model.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,celecoxib group and meridian and tendon acupuncture group,with 9 rats in each group.Corresponding intervention measures were given to each group for 14 consecutive days.Improved Lequesne MG score was used for evaluating knee joint function in rats,measuring thigh circumference,quadriceps femoris wet weight,wet weight maintenance rate and wet weight ratio of the affected limb,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of quadriceps femoris tissue,TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis of quadriceps femoris cells,immunofluorescence was used to detect the expressions of reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris muscle tissue,fluorescence double staining method was used to detect the co-expression of ROS and Caspase-3 in quadriceps femoris tissue,Western blot was used to detect the expressions of apoptosis related proteins in quadriceps femoris tissue.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the improved Lequesne MG score of the knee joint in the model group rats increased(P<0.05),the circumference of the thigh,wet weight of the quadriceps femoris,wet weight maintenance rate and wet weight ratio of the affected limb decreased(P<0.05),the arrangement of quadriceps femoris muscle fibers was disordered and loose,with some muscle fibers dissolved and necrotic,accompanied by a large amount of inflammatory exudate,an increase in lymphocytes,and an increase in cell apoptosis index(P<0.05),the expressions of ROS,Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris tissue increased,while the expression of SOD decreased(P<0.05),the protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bcl-XL,Bax,Cytochrome C(CytC),Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris tissue increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the improved Lequesne MG scores of the knee joint in the celecoxib group and the meridian and tendon acupuncture group decreased(P<0.05),while thigh circumference,quadriceps femoris wet weight,wet weight maintenance rate,wet weight ratio increased(P<0.05),the structure of quadriceps femoris muscle fibers was normal,the muscle membrane was relatively intact,the apoptosis index decreased(P<0.05),the expressions of ROS,Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris tissue decreased,while the expression of SOD increased(P<0.05),the protein expressions of Bcl-2,Bcl-XL,Bax,CytC,Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in quadriceps femoris muscle tissue decreased(P<0.05),and the expression trend of ROS and Caspase-3 in fluorescent double staining was consistent.Conclusion Meridian and tendon acupuncture can reduce ROS in the quadriceps femoris tissue of KOA model rats,inhibit the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins,thereby improving skeletal muscle strength,and play a certain therapeutic role.