ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Yueju Wan on the 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） signaling pathway in rats with functional dyspepsia （FD） and to explore its therapeutic mechanism in the treatment of FD. MethodsSixty Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， model group， mosapride group （1.575 mg·kg^-1）， and Yueju Wan low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （0.735， 1.47， and 2.94 g·kg^-1， respectively）. The FD rat model was established using GUO's tail-clamping stimulation combined with irregular feeding. After 14 days of modeling， rats were administered the corresponding drugs by gavage for 28 days. After treatment， gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate were measured. Serum levels of 5-HT， tryptophan hydroxylase （TPH）， and substance P （SP） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and acetylcholine （ACh） levels were determined by chemical methods. Histopathological changes in the gastric antrum were observed using hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to assess the mRNA and protein expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor （5-HT4R）， SP， and acetylcholinesterase （AChE） in colon tissue， as well as 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor （5-HT3R）， SP， and AChE in hypothalamic tissue. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to examine the expression of 5-HT and 5-HT4R in the colon and 5-HT and 5-HT3R in the hypothalamus. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Serum levels of 5-HT， SP， ACh， and TPH were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Histopathological examination revealed irregular arrangement of glands in the gastric antrum， slight mucosal atrophy， and mild inflammatory cell infiltration. The mRNA and protein expression levels of 5-HT4R， SP， and AChE in colon tissue， as well as 5-HT3R， SP， and AChE in hypothalamic tissue， were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and 5-HT protein expression in both the colon and hypothalamus was also significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all Yueju Wan groups showed significantly increased gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate （P<0.01）. The glands in the gastric antrum were more regularly arranged， with no inflammatory cell infiltration observed. Serum levels of 5-HT， SP， ACh， and TPH were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of 5-HT4R， SP， and AChE in colon tissue and 5-HT3R， SP， and AChE in hypothalamic tissue were significantly upregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and 5-HT protein expression in both the colon and hypothalamus was significantly increased （P<0.01）. ConclusionYueju Wan has preventive and therapeutic effects on FD， and its mechanism may be related to regulation of the 5-HT signaling pathway， promotion of brain-gut peptide secretion， and enhancement of gastric motility.

Objective A cross-sectional survey on the postoperative home care status and barriers was conducted among elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures nationwide,in order to provide a basis for promoting the improvement of standardized home care for elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures.Methods From October to November 2023,a survey on the current situation and barriers of home environment protection was conducted among elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures in the orthopedic wards of 594 hospitals across 31 provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities directly under the central government)using a convenience sampling method.Results A total of 14,349 questionnaires were distributed,and 12,496 valid questionnaires were collected,resulting in an effective response rate of 87.09％.Among the patients,5,502 cases(44.03％)had implemented home-based prevention and treatment of osteoporosis before the fracture.2 095(16.77％)of the patients experienced a subsequent fracture,of which 65.11％of the patients who experienced a subsequent fracture received medication intervention after the initial fracture,while 19.86％of the patients who experienced a subsequent fracture did not comply with the treatment for osteoporosis after the initial fracture.Additionally,77.66％(n=1 627/2 095)of the patients received community medical services after the initial fracture.Barriers to care factors in the home environment after fracture from the patient's perspective presented the complexity of the social-ecological system model in 6 dimensions at 2 levels:micro(basic personal situation,physiological factors,psychological factors,and behavioural factors),and meso(social support factors,and healthcare worker factors).Conclusion In the vast majority of elderly patients in China,before osteoporotic fracture,home-based measures to prevent osteoporosis have not been adequately implemented;after the initial osteoporotic fracture,the pathway of re-fracture prevention and management in the patient's home environment is not yet complete and its popularity needs to be improved;the barriers to home care faced by elderly patients with osteoporotic fracture are complex.It is recommended to promote effective linkages among hospitals,community health centres and families to strengthen the closed-loop management of re-fracture prevention and management.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of follicular dendritic cell carcinoma(FDCS).Methods Hospital records of 23 patients diagnosed with FDCS were retrospectively re-viewed.The morphological,immunohistochemical features,including the detection of CD21,CD23,and CD35 using the EnVision method,and in-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded nuclear RNA(EBER)were evaluated.Clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed for the evaluation of prognosis.Results The median age of all 23 pa-tients was 50 years(range:27 to 72)and the female to male ratio was 1.3.The median maximum diameter of tumor was 7.0 cm(range:0.5 to 20.0 cm).One case was located in cervical lymph node,while another 22 were discovered in extranodal sites.20 cases were single organ and 3 cases were multiple organs involvement.Microscopically,tumor cells exhibited spindle,oval,or markedly pleomorphic morphology,accompanied by variable lymphoplasmacytic infil-tration in the stroma.CD21,CD35 and CD23 were positive in 22 of 23(95.6％),23 of 23(100.0％)and 4 of 15(26.7％)patients,respectively.EBER in-situ hybridization was positive in 9 of 23 patients(39.1％).The median follow-up time was 84.0(95％CI:50.7-117.3)months,and the 5-year survival rate was 80.2％(95％CI:62.8-97.6).Twelve(52.2％)patients were alive,5(21.7％)were dead,and 6(26.1％)were lost of follow-up.We es-tablished a pathological scoring system containing 5 indexes,i.e.,tumor maximum diameter,mitotic figures,tumor necrosis,cellular pleomorphism and histologic types.Patients with greater than 4 points had a significant poor progno-sis.Conclusion FDCS features a broad spectrum of histologic appearances and behavior.Combined morphological observations(HE staining),applications of a panel of follicular dendritic cell markers and EBER in-situ hybridization are helpful for accurate diagnosis.FDCS poses risks for recurrence,metastasis and death,and those with greater than 4 points in the scoring system have a significant poor prognosis.Long-term follow up is needed.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of follicular dendritic cell carcinoma(FDCS).Methods Hospital records of 23 patients diagnosed with FDCS were retrospectively re-viewed.The morphological,immunohistochemical features,including the detection of CD21,CD23,and CD35 using the EnVision method,and in-situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded nuclear RNA(EBER)were evaluated.Clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed for the evaluation of prognosis.Results The median age of all 23 pa-tients was 50 years(range:27 to 72)and the female to male ratio was 1.3.The median maximum diameter of tumor was 7.0 cm(range:0.5 to 20.0 cm).One case was located in cervical lymph node,while another 22 were discovered in extranodal sites.20 cases were single organ and 3 cases were multiple organs involvement.Microscopically,tumor cells exhibited spindle,oval,or markedly pleomorphic morphology,accompanied by variable lymphoplasmacytic infil-tration in the stroma.CD21,CD35 and CD23 were positive in 22 of 23(95.6％),23 of 23(100.0％)and 4 of 15(26.7％)patients,respectively.EBER in-situ hybridization was positive in 9 of 23 patients(39.1％).The median follow-up time was 84.0(95％CI:50.7-117.3)months,and the 5-year survival rate was 80.2％(95％CI:62.8-97.6).Twelve(52.2％)patients were alive,5(21.7％)were dead,and 6(26.1％)were lost of follow-up.We es-tablished a pathological scoring system containing 5 indexes,i.e.,tumor maximum diameter,mitotic figures,tumor necrosis,cellular pleomorphism and histologic types.Patients with greater than 4 points had a significant poor progno-sis.Conclusion FDCS features a broad spectrum of histologic appearances and behavior.Combined morphological observations(HE staining),applications of a panel of follicular dendritic cell markers and EBER in-situ hybridization are helpful for accurate diagnosis.FDCS poses risks for recurrence,metastasis and death,and those with greater than 4 points in the scoring system have a significant poor prognosis.Long-term follow up is needed.

Objective A cross-sectional survey on the postoperative home care status and barriers was conducted among elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures nationwide,in order to provide a basis for promoting the improvement of standardized home care for elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures.Methods From October to November 2023,a survey on the current situation and barriers of home environment protection was conducted among elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures in the orthopedic wards of 594 hospitals across 31 provinces(autonomous regions/municipalities directly under the central government)using a convenience sampling method.Results A total of 14,349 questionnaires were distributed,and 12,496 valid questionnaires were collected,resulting in an effective response rate of 87.09％.Among the patients,5,502 cases(44.03％)had implemented home-based prevention and treatment of osteoporosis before the fracture.2 095(16.77％)of the patients experienced a subsequent fracture,of which 65.11％of the patients who experienced a subsequent fracture received medication intervention after the initial fracture,while 19.86％of the patients who experienced a subsequent fracture did not comply with the treatment for osteoporosis after the initial fracture.Additionally,77.66％(n=1 627/2 095)of the patients received community medical services after the initial fracture.Barriers to care factors in the home environment after fracture from the patient's perspective presented the complexity of the social-ecological system model in 6 dimensions at 2 levels:micro(basic personal situation,physiological factors,psychological factors,and behavioural factors),and meso(social support factors,and healthcare worker factors).Conclusion In the vast majority of elderly patients in China,before osteoporotic fracture,home-based measures to prevent osteoporosis have not been adequately implemented;after the initial osteoporotic fracture,the pathway of re-fracture prevention and management in the patient's home environment is not yet complete and its popularity needs to be improved;the barriers to home care faced by elderly patients with osteoporotic fracture are complex.It is recommended to promote effective linkages among hospitals,community health centres and families to strengthen the closed-loop management of re-fracture prevention and management.

BACKGROUND:The occurrence and development of various ophthalmic diseases are closely related to excessive oxidative stress,and the inhibition of oxidative stress response may produce preventive and therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of Pax6 gene expression on hydrogen peroxide-induced aging of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs). METHODS:Resuscitated BM-MSCs,Pax6/BM-MSCs,and shPax6/BM-MSCs were treated with hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours,and then β-galactosidase staining was performed.The proliferation index Ki67 expression and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.The expression of senescence-associated molecules(Wnt7a,p21,and p53)was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After hydrogen peroxide treatment,the cells of the three groups showed senescence phenotype and β-galactosidase staining was positive.Compared with BM-MSCs group,the expression of positive cells in Pax6/BM-MSCs group was less and that in the shPax6/BM-MSCs group was more,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)The results of flow cytometry showed that compared with BM-MSCs group,the positive expression of Ki67 in the Pax6/BM-MSCs group increased and the level of apoptosis decreased,while the positive expression of Ki67 decreased and the level of apoptosis increased in the shPax6/BM-MSCs group;the difference was significantly different(P<0.05).(3)RT-PCR showed that compared with the BM-MSCs group,the expression of Wnt7a,p53,and p21 decreased in the Pax6/BM-MSCs group,while the expression of Wnt7a,p53,and p21 increased in the shPax6/BM-MSCs group;the difference was significantly different(P<0.05).(4)These findings indicate that overexpression of Pax6 can antagonize the aging progression of BM-MSCs induced by hydrogen peroxide,which may be related to Wnt signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the radiosensitizing effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in cervical cancer, and to further explore the underlying mechanism related to DNA damage repair. Methods Human cervical cancer cells (Siha and Hela cells) were cultured in vitro, treated with different concentrations of ATO, and the cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cells were divided into four groups: control group, radiotherapy (IR) group, ATO group, and radiotherapy + ATO (IR + ATO) group. Radiosensitization ratio was determined by plate cloning assay, cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry, the expression of γH2AX by immunofluorescence, the expression of Cyclin B1, PTEN, and RAD51 by Western blot, and the expression of RAD51 mRNA by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results CCK-8 showed that ATO at concentrations of 1 μM and higher could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Siha and HeLa cells. Plate cloning showed that ATO had a radiosensitizing effect on cervical cancer, and the radiosensitization ratios were 1.37 and 1.30, respectively. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of cell cycle arrest was significantly higher in the IR + ATO group than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the IR + ATO group than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Western blotting showed that the expression levels of PTEN and RAD51 proteins significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and the expression level of Cyclin B1 protein significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the IR + ATO group. Conclusion ATO achieves radiosensitization in cervical cancer through blocking the DNA homologous recombination repair pathway by consuming PTEN.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism by which L-Se-methylselenocysteine(L-SeMSC)inhibits foam cell formation in THP-1-derived macrophages from human monocytic leukemia cells.METHODS:THP-1-derived macrophages were first induced using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA),followed by the use of oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)to establish a foam cell model.The effects of various concentrations of L-SeMSC on THP-1 cell via-bility and apoptosis were assessed using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry.Lipid droplet accumulation was visualized through oil red O staining.Additionally,the mRNA levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1),fatty acid translocase(FAT/CD36),solute carrier family 27 member 4(SLC27A4),and superoxide dis-mutase 1(SOD1)were measured using qRT-PCR.The levels of inflammatory proteins,including IL-6,IL-1β,tumor ne-crosis factor-α(TNF-α),matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling-related proteins in activated B cells were assessed via Western blot.RESULTS:Treatment with L-SeMSC at concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 μmol/L enhanced cell viability,with no significant impact on apoptosis observed across the different concentra-tions.The accumulation of lipid droplets was notably reduced in the L-SeMSC group compared to the ox-LDL group.The mRNA levels of lipid transport-related genes(CD36 and SLC27A4)and inflammation-related genes(IL-1β and ICAM-1)were significantly decreased,while SOD1 mRNA levels increased significantly.Furthermore,the expression levels of in-flammatory proteins IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,MMP9,and phosphorylated p65(p-p65)were markedly reduced.CONCLU-SION:L-SeMSC may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by decreasing inflammatory factor levels,inhibiting foam cell for-mation,and reducing lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages.The associated anti-inflammatory mechanism appears to primarily involve the modulation of key proteins in the NF-κB signaling pathway.

AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effects of chrysin on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).METHODS:Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,and chrysin group.The mice in control group were fed with normal diet,and those in model and chrysin groups were fed with methio-nine-and choline-deficient(MCD)diet.After 5 weeks of adaptation,the mice in chrysin group received chrysin treatment(20 mg/kg)by continuous lavage for 6 weeks,while those in control and model groups were given equal volume of saline.During the experiment,the health condition of the mice was monitored.Liver morphology was examined after the mice were sacrificed.Serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-den-sity lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels were measured using a biochemical analyzer.Liver tissue TG and TC levels were measured using assay kits.Liver cell damage and inflammation were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and F4/80 immunohistochemistry staining.The ex-tent of liver lipid deposition was explored by oil red O staining.Masson staining and Sirius red staining were performed to assess liver fibrosis.Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of fibrosis-related molecules.RE-SULTS:Compared with control group,the mice in model group showed significant decrease in body weight,liver wet weight,and liver volume.Serum TG,LDL-C,ALT and AST levels,as well as liver TG and TC levels were significantly elevated,and HDL-C levels were decreased in model group.Pathological staining showed significant inflammatory cell in-filtration,lipid deposition,and liver fibrosis.After the treatment with chrysin,increased body weight and liver weight,a reddish appearance of the liver,relatively smooth surface,and sharp liver edges were observed.Serum TG,LDL-C,AST and ALT levels,and liver TG levels were significantly reduced by chrysin.Inflammatory cell infiltration,lipid deposition,and liver tissue fibrosis were also significantly attenuated by chrysin.CONCLUSION:Chrysin shows a potential as a can-didate drug for the treatment of NASH by inhibiting hepatic steatosis,inflammation,and liver fibrosis.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of compound Duzhong Jiangu granule on Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), and to provide a new alternative for the treatment of patients with KBD.Methods:According to the principle of random distribution, patients with KBD diagnosed clinically in Linyou County and Yongshou County of Shaanxi Province who meet the inclusion criteria were divided into a traditional Chinese medicine group and a Western medicine group, and they were treated with compound Duzhong Jiangu granule (Chinese medicine group) and ibuprofen sustained release capsule + 21 jinvita + chondroitin sulfate (Western medicine group), respectively, for a duration of one month. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the clinical data of all survey respondents before and after medication by using the Joint Dysfunction Index Scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scales, for evaluation and analysis. The incidence of adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded.Results:A total of 218 KBD patients that met the inclusion criteria were selected, including 167 patients in the Chinese medicine group and 51 patients in the Western medicine group. There were 94 males and 73 females in the Chinese medicine group, aged (62.93 ± 6.72) years. In the Western medicine group, there were 18 males and 33 females, aged (63.29 ± 7.02) years. There was no statistically significant difference in age between the two groups ( Z = - 0.24, P = 0.813). After taking the compound Duzhong Jiangu granules for treatment of KBD patients in the traditional Chinese medicine group, there were significant changes in the number of patients with joint rest pain, joint movement pain, morning stiffness, maximum walking distance and lower limb mobility in the Joint Dysfunction Scale compared to before treatment. The difference between before and after medication was statistically significant (χ 2 = 37.93, 29.64, 50.40, 13.57, 25.25, P < 0.001). After 1 month of medication, there were 13 cases of significant effect, 64 cases of effectiveness, and 90 cases of ineffectiveness in the traditional Chinese medicine group, with a total effective rate of 46.11%. There were 0 cases of significant improvement, 13 cases of effectiveness, and 38 cases of ineffectiveness in the Western medicine group, with a total effective rate of 25.49%. The difference in total effective rates between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 8.62, P = 0.013). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the improvement of lower limb mobility (difficulty of daily activities) between the Chinese medicine group and the Western medicine group (χ 2 = 8.21, P = 0.017). After taking medication, the joint pain, stiffness, and difficulty of daily activities scores in the WOMAC scale of KBD patients in the Chinese medicine group and the Western medicine group were significantly reduced. The differences in scores before and after medication were statistically significant (Chinese medicine group, Z = - 7.60, - 7.74, - 9.75, P < 0.001; Western medicine group, Z = - 5.20, - 3.81, - 3.93, P < 0.001). There was a significant differences in the improvement degree of daily activity difficulty and total score between the Chinese medicine group and the Western medicine group ( Z = - 3.75, - 3.34, P < 0.01). During the medication period, the incidence of adverse reactions in the traditional Chinese medicine group was lower than that in the western medicine group (Chinese medicine group, 29.34%; Western medicine group, 45.09%, χ 2 = 4.38, P = 0.036). Conclusions:Compound Duzhong Jiangu granule has a good therapeutic effects on KBD, significantly improving joint dysfunction of patients. It has advantages in improving the activity ability of KBD patients and reducing the difficulty of daily activities, and has less adverse reactions else.