Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Six patients with factor Ⅴ deficiency were admitted in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January 2006 to December 2022. All 6 patients presented with symptoms of coagulation dysfunction, 4 patients had recurrent nose bleeding, gingival bleeding, skin ecchymosis as the main manifestations, 1 patient had lower abdominal pain and ovarian active bleeding, and 1 patient had heavy menstruation. The prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly prolonged, the factor Ⅴ level was significantly lower than normal, and the thrombin time was basically normal in all patients. Four patients received non-surgical treatment and transfusion of fresh frozen plasma; the bleeding symptoms were significantly relieved during hospitalization, and no aggravation of bleeding symptoms was found during follow-up. One patient with active ovarian hemorrhage underwent emergency surgical suture to stop bleeding, and fresh frozen plasma and prothrombin complex were given perioperatively; and no more bleeding occurred during follow-up. One patients with excessive menstruation underwent curettage plus hysteroscopic endometrial ablation, and the amount of menstruation was significantly reduced. It is suggested that the bleeding symptoms of coagulation factor Ⅴ deficiency vary in severity, which can be effectively alleviated by infusion of the fresh frozen plasma in most cases.

In order to improve the salt tolerance of banana NHX genes, we cloned a MaNHX5 gene from Musa acuminata L. AAA group and predicted the key salt-tolerant amino acid sites and mutant protein structure changes of MaNHX5 by using bioinformatics tools. The 276-position serine (S) of MaNHX5 protein was successfully mutated to aspartic acid (D) by site-directed mutagenesis, and the AXT3 salt-sensitive mutant yeast was used for a functional complementation test. The results showed that after the mutated MaNHX5 gene was transferred to AXT3 salt-sensitive mutant yeast, the salt tolerance of the mutant yeast was significantly improved under 200 mmol/L NaCl treatment. It is hypothesized that Ser276 of MaNHX5 protein plays an important role in the transport of Na⁺ across the tonoplast.
Amino Acids/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Musa/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism*

Objective: To study the clinical features of dengue cases infected with hepatotropic virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Xishuangbanna, and to provide evidences to set up effective treatment programs for the dengue patients infected with the other diseases for hospitals. Methods: The clinical characteristics of dengue cases infected hepatotropic virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were analyzed retrospectively on their symptoms and biochemical parameters from the People′s Hospital and the Infectious Disease Hospital of Xishuangbanna Prefecture in 2013 and 2015. Results: The clinical characteristics of dengue cases infected with hepatotropic virus were typical, and inclued low incidence of urinary abnormalities, coagulation disorders and high-lactate dehydrogenase. Dengue cases infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis had high incidence of shock, high-hematocrit, renal function and coagulation abnormalities, which suggested a trend of more serious illness than other groups obviously. Conclusions The rate of severe disease was higher in dengue cases infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis than those infected with hepatotropic virus, which suggests that the dengue cases infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be treated timely to reduce the severity of the diseases in the hospital.

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli (E.coli)and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae),antimicrobial use density(AUD),as well as relation between antimicrobial resistance and AUD in a ter-tiary first-class hospital.Methods Antimicrobial resistance rates of clinically-isolated E.coli and K.pneumoniae,AUD of carbapenems and quinolones,as well as relation between resistance and AUD in 2013-2015 were statistically analyzed. Results Correlation analysis of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria and AUD showed that the decrease in resistance rate of E.coli to levofloxacin was related to the decrease in the use density of quinolones(r=0.61,P=0.03);increase in resist-ance rate of K.pneumoniae to imipenem was related to the increase in the use density of carbapenems(r=0.78,P<0.01). Conclusion Antimicrobial use is one of the causes of bacterial resistance,management on antimicrobial use needs to be strengthened to reduce the threat of bacterial resistance to human health.

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical efficacy on postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with acupoint injection of salmon calcitonin.

METHODSNinety patients of postmenopausal osteoporosis were randomized into three groups, 30 cases in each one. In the acupoint injection group, Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected bilaterally. The injection 4 mL was prepared with salmon calcitonin 100 U (1 mL) and 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Each acupoint was stimulated with the injection, 1 mL. In the blank group, 0.9% sodium chloride injection was applied to bilateral Shenshu (BL 23) and Zusanli (ST 36), 1 mL at each acupoint. In the intramuscular injection group, salmon calcitonin 100 U was injected at gluteus maximus. The treatment was given once every two days in the patients of the three groups and lasted for 2 months. The levels of bone mineral density (BMD), bone alkaline phosphatase (NBAP), C-terminal telopeptides of typeⅠcollagen (CTX), urine calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and the symptom score of osteoporosis were detected in the patients of the three groups before and after treatment.

RESULTSIn the patients of the three groups, NBAP and BMD in lumbar vertebra after treatment were higher than those before treatment (all<0.05); CTX, Ca/Cr and symptom score were lower than those before treatment (all<0.05). After treatment, NBAP was (32.7±2.5) μg/L in the acupoint injection group, higher than those in the blank group and the intramuscular injection group (both<0.05). In the acupoint injection group, CTX was reduced to (239.7±63.6) μmmol/L and Ca/Cr was reduced to 0.525±0.274, apparently lower than those in the blank group and intramuscular injection group (both<0.05). After treatment, in the acupoint injection group, BMD of lumbar vertebra was (0.731±0.062) g/m, higher than the level of the rest two groups (both<0.05). After treatment, the symptom score was 5.2±0.6 in the acupoint injection group, lower than those in the blank group and intramuscular injection group (both<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSalmon calcitonin injec-tion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Shenshu (BL 23) achieves significant efficacy on postmenopausal osteoporosis, stimulating osteoblast activity and inhibiting bone absorption of osteoclast.

Objective To learn the acceptance of rural community health workers (CHWs ) following the reform of rural health workers′team building in Pudong New Area.Methods 3 295 CHWs were surveyed with questionnaire for their acceptance of the incentive policies,and chisquare test analysis was used to analyze the differences among CHWs in individual areas.Results Over 80.0% of the CHWs reported that they were motivated by the incentive policies to improve their professional competence, medical service and organizational commitment;40.9% of them reported that the policies improved their social status;and 47.3% of them believed the policies could promote the rural areas to attract and retain talents.When a comparison was made of CHWs′feedbacks on different aspects,significant differences indicated that the proportion of CHWs′positive attitudes was the highest at remote rural communities. Conclusions The rural health workers′team building reform could promote incentive on the CHWs,yet with obvious regional differences.

Objective CD4 +IL-17 +cells are a group of newly discovered effector CD4 +T cells, which may play a key role in the pathogenesis of cancer.This study aims to investigate the expres-sion of CD4 +IL-17 +cells in pancreatic cancer and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of the dis-ease as well as the clinical significance of the cells in the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Methods We collected tumor tis-sue and tumor-adjacent normal tissue samples from 51 pancreatic cancer patients.We determined the expressions of CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and measured the proportion of IL-17 +cells in the cancer tissue using immunohistochemistry and the fluorescence activated cell sorter, respectively, followed by analysis of their correlation with tumor angiogenesis, clinicopathological pa-rameters, and survival time of the patients. Results The percentage of CD4 +IL-17 +cells in tumor tissue was positively correlated with microvessel density (r =0.534, P<0.05) and the expression of VEGF in the tumor tissue (r=0.356, P<0.05).IL-17 +cells were expressed more highly in the tumorous than in the tumor-adjacent normal tissue (P<0.05), and the expression level was correla-ted with the stage of tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but not with the patients′gender or age, tumor size, tumor location, histological grade, or local invasion (P>0.05).Fifty (98.0%) of the patients were successfully followed up for 2-67 months, which revealed a median survival time of 16.6 ±4.8 months, significantly longer in those with a higher expression of intratumoral IL-17 +cells (P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed an association of the survival rate with the tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and level of intratumoral IL-17 +cells, while multivariate analysis showed the TNM stage to be an independent prognostic factor for the survival of the pancreatic cancer patients. Conclusion The expression of CD4 +IL-17 +cells in the tumor tissue is positively correlated with tumor angiogenesis, while that of IL-17 +cells with the clinicopathological parameters and survival time of the patients and therefore may serve as an important immune indicator for the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To explore the nursing measures of patients with pure diffuse axonal injury (DAI)treated by multi-step sub-hypothermia therapy.Methods The nursing care of pure DAI patients treated by multi-step sub-hypothermia therapy,which included the traumatic condition evaluation before treatment,the nursing care during treatment,the nursing care after treatment but also in coma,and the nursing care after palinesthesia.Results The intracranial pressure and concentration and lactic acid in blood and cerebrospinal fluid alleviated.The forehead expanded.The disability rating scale(DRS)decreased.While the incidence of sub-hypothermia related complications did not increased.Conclusions The elaborative nursing care aiming at different pathogenetic conditions,different stages is the first guarantee in the treatment of pure DAI with multi-step sub-hypothermia therapy.