Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To investigate the antigen presentation characteristics of dendritic cells(DC)and B cells in cardiac grafts.Methods The heart of BALB/c mice was transplanted into the abdominal cavity of C57BL/6J mice.CD45+cells in the heart graft were extracted and sorted by flow cytometry at postoperative 5 d,and single cell RNA sequencing was performed.Taking DC and B cell subsets in cardiac grafts as the main study cells,the changing trend,antigen presenting ability and intercellular communication with T cells after heart transplantation were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and flow cytometry.Gene ontology(GO)function enrichment difference analysis was adopted to prove the specific function and the reliability annotation of cell subsets.Results Germinal center-like B cell(GC-L B)was the B cell subset with the largest increase in quantity during the acute rejection phase,accounting for 87％.Classical DC(cDC)2 was the only DC subset with a significant increase in quantity during acute rejection of heart transplantation,accounting for 44％of DC subset,and it occupied the highest communication intensity with T cells after heart transplantation.Mononucleated DC(moDC)and memory B cell(MBC)were the main transmitters of T cell input signals in non-transplanted hearts,whereas transformed into cDC2 and GC-L B during the acute rejection phase.Among them,MBC and GC-L B were the main sources of T cell input signals in non-transplanted hearts and heart grafts.Conclusions Compared with DC,B cells occupy a higher number and weight in the intercellular communication with T cells in non-transplanted hearts and heart grafts,prompting that the antigen presenting activity of B cells is more active and stronger than DC in the early stage of acute rejection of heart transplantation.

Objective To isolate endophytic fungi from Angelica sinensis and evaluate the bioactivity of their secondary metabolites.Methods Angelica sinensis and rhizosphere soil were utilized as materials.The tissue homogenization method was employed with six diverse culture media to isolate endophytic fungi.The antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites was gauged using a 96-well plate assay,while UV spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of four enzymes.Results A total of 153 fungal strains were isolated and purified from Angelica sinensis roots,stems,leaves,and soil.The samples exhibited specific inhibitory activities against adenosine deaminase(ADA),β-lactamase,xanthine oxidase(XO),and tyrosinase(TYR),with rates of 45.83%,52.78%,51.39%and 55.56%,respectively.Furthermore,1.39%of the samples displayed wide-ranging inhibitory effects against four indicator bacteria.Strain 6B also showcased the lowest inhibitory concentration values of 62.5 and 7.81 μg/mL against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and ATCC35218,respectively,signifying its potential research significance.Conclusion Angelica sinensis has abundant endophytic fungal resources and is a good source for discovering active compounds,demonstrating certain research value.

The incidence of myopia is increasing year by year and the trend of younger age is obvious. The situation of myopia prevention and control is very serious. The sclera is the target organ for the development of myopia. When myopia occurs and develops, the ultrastructure of the sclera tissue will undergo pathological changes, resulting in a decrease in its tensile strength, then progressive axial growth and posterior sclera expansion. Scleral collagen cross-linking can effectively increase the hardness and tensile strength of scleral tissue, which may have great potential in the prevention and control of myopia, especially pathological myopia. At present, the effectiveness of scleral collagen cross-linking technology in the prevention and treatment of pathological myopia researches are still in the stage of animal experiments, and there are a lot of controversies on the safety. The development of any new technology to ensure safety is the primary condition. A comprehensive understanding of the safety of scleral collagen crosslinking in the prevention and control of myopia can provide more basis and guidance for the further study of scleral collagen crosslinking.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus(HZO)is caused by the involvement of the ophthalmic division trigeminal nerve after reactivation of varicella-zoster virus(VZV)latent in the trigeminal ganglia, which usually occurs in the elderly and people with low immune function. The clinical manifestations of HZO are complex and diverse, which show not only keratoconjunctivitis and uveitis, but also retinal necrosis, optic neuropathy, and rare central nervous system lesions. Some cases do not have typical skin lesions, which can easily lead to missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and mistreatment, seriously affecting People's life quality. This article aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations of HZO cases reported in the literature in recent years and comprehensively understand their diversity and complexity to better diagnose and treat the disease. This study also aimed to improve the diagnosis and cure rates of the disease, reduce the maximum number of visual damage, and provide more evidence for the precise diagnosis and treatment of HZO.

Objective By population survey,to explore the epidemiological characteristics of gastric precancerous lesions in Lishui District of Nanjing and provide objective basis for the prevention and treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods From July 2021 to December 2022,21 977 patients who received endoscopy and/or 13C-UBT in Lishui District People's Hospital and 6 medical community units in Nanjing City were retrospectively analyzed for demography characteristics,detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and H.Pylori infection rate.Results(1)590 cases of gastric precancerous lesions were detected(detection rate 2.68%);(2)The total detection rate of precancerous lesions and three pathological types in males were all higher than those in females(all P<0.001);(3)The minimum age for the total detection rate of precancerous lesions in males and the mini-mum age for each pathological type were lower than in females(P<0.001,0.009,0.005,0.002);(4)The popu-lation total H.pylori infection rate was 23.10%,the H.pylori infection rate in patients with precancerous lesions was higher than that in non-precancerous lesions(P<0.001),both H.pylori infection rate of male and female in precancerous lesions were all higher than those of non-precancerous lesions of the same sex(all P<0.001),in addition,the H.pylori infection rate of male whether in precancerous or non-precancerous lesions was higher than that of female(all P<0.001);(5)The precancerous lesions detection rate in male,female,and the overall age range of 20～29 to 70～79 years is positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and rapidly decreases after the age of 79,the of H.pylori infection rate was also positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and the trend of age change(P<0.001)was parallel to the precancerous lesions detection rate.Conclusions The detec-tion rate of gastric precancerous lesions in this region is above the average level in China;the total H.pylori infec-tion rate is at a relatively low level in China;the H.pylori infection rate is parallel to the age trend of the detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and increases with age.

Objective:To summarize the clinicopathologic characteristics of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver.Methods:The clinical data of 16 patients with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital and Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from Jan 2000 to Jan 2023 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:The diagnosis of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma in all the 16 patients was established by postoperative pathology. The clinical manifestations of the patients were mainly asymptomatic abdominal mass, abdominal pain and discomfort. The laboratory examination was mostly nonspecific, the image exam showed mostly solid cystic mass. 14 cases underwent radical surgical resection.The minimum survival time was 7 months, maximum survival time was 121 months with median survival time of 35.9 months.Conclusions:Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is an extremely rare malignant tumor of the liver. The disease lacks specific clinical manifestations. CT examination can assist in the diagnosis of the disease. Diagnosis of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver depends on pathological examination. The prognosis of patients is poor, surgical resection of the tumor is an effective treatment.

Objective Endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from fresh Glycyrrhiza glabra L.and strains capable of producing secondary metabolites with inhibitory effects on adenosine deaminase,β-lactamase,xanthine oxidase,and tyrosinase were screened.Methods Four types of culture media were used to isolate and purify endophytic fungi using tissue homogenization method.Subsequently,the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi were evaluated using an activity assessment platform.Results A total of 131 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the plant,among which 34 strains exhibited distinct morphologies and special characteristics.The mycelial extract of hypha G(1-5)(s)showed good adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity(inhibition rate:98.58％)and β-lactamase inhibitory activity(inhibition rate:93.15％).and β-lactamase(inhibition rate:93.15％).Strain G6 exhibited excellent xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity(inhibition rate:91.38％)in the ethyl acetate phase.These strains were identified as Penicillium sp.and Aspergillus sp.Conclusion Glycyrrhiza glabra L.harbors a diverse range of endophytic fungi with promising research potential.Further investigation is warranted to provide important technical data for the protection and in-depth applications of Glycyrrhiza glabra L..

Objective Endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from fresh Glycyrrhiza glabra L.and strains capable of producing secondary metabolites with inhibitory effects on adenosine deaminase,β-lactamase,xanthine oxidase,and tyrosinase were screened.Methods Four types of culture media were used to isolate and purify endophytic fungi using tissue homogenization method.Subsequently,the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi were evaluated using an activity assessment platform.Results A total of 131 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the plant,among which 34 strains exhibited distinct morphologies and special characteristics.The mycelial extract of hypha G(1-5)(s)showed good adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity(inhibition rate:98.58％)and β-lactamase inhibitory activity(inhibition rate:93.15％).and β-lactamase(inhibition rate:93.15％).Strain G6 exhibited excellent xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity(inhibition rate:91.38％)in the ethyl acetate phase.These strains were identified as Penicillium sp.and Aspergillus sp.Conclusion Glycyrrhiza glabra L.harbors a diverse range of endophytic fungi with promising research potential.Further investigation is warranted to provide important technical data for the protection and in-depth applications of Glycyrrhiza glabra L..