Purpose To investigate the correlation between lumbar trunk muscle mass at the L3 level and the severity of lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) in the middle-aged and elderly population. Materials and Methods The analysis involved 312 individuals aged between 44 and 82 years in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March to June 2016. The total area and CT values of the lumbar trunk muscles at the L3 vertebral body's lower endplate level were measured to calculate the skeletal muscle mass index via OsiriX image processing software. Furthermore,the severity of bilateral lumbar facet osteoarthritis at the L4-5 level was assessed using the Weishaupt grading criteria. CT value of trunk muscle at L3 lower endplate level,trunk muscle area at L3 lower endplate level,skeletal muscle index,body mass index,age and FJOA grade at L4-5 right and left sides were compared between genders. The correlation between the mean value of trunk muscle CT and FJOA grade at the lower endplate level of L3 was analyzed. Results In 109 male patients,the mean trunk muscle was negatively correlated with FJOA grade on the right and left sides of L4-5 (r=-0.25,P=0.002;r=-0.28,P=0.003),while age was positively correlated with FJOA grade on the right and left sides of L4-5 (r=0.23,P=0.034;r=0.21,P=0.033). In 203 female patients,there was a negative correlation between trunk muscle mean and both right and left FJOA grade at L4-5 (r=-0.29,P<0.001;r=-0.33,P<0.001),there was a positive correlation between age and both right and left FJOA grade at L4-5 (r=0.27,P<0.001;r=0.34,P<0.001),and there was a positive correlation between body mass index and both right and left FJOA grade at L4-5 (r=0.20,P=0.018;r=0.23,P=0.004). Partial correlation analysis,controlling for age,showed that the severity of bilateral FJOA at L4-5 was somewhat negatively correlated with the mean value of the L3 trunk muscle in the male and female groups (r=-0.239,-0.249,-0.177,-0.169,all P<0.05). Conclusion Trunk muscle mass at the L3 level is negatively correlated with the severity of FJOA,and FJOA is one of the independent factors of chronic low back pain,strengthening nutritional intake and physical exercise is beneficial to prevent the occurrence and development of sarcopenia,thereby reducing the occurrence and aggravation of FJOA and reducing the burden on patients with chronic low back pain.

Purpose To investigate the correlation between lumbar trunk muscle mass at the L3 level and the severity of lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA) in the middle-aged and elderly population. Materials and Methods The analysis involved 312 individuals aged between 44 and 82 years in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March to June 2016. The total area and CT values of the lumbar trunk muscles at the L3 vertebral body's lower endplate level were measured to calculate the skeletal muscle mass index via OsiriX image processing software. Furthermore,the severity of bilateral lumbar facet osteoarthritis at the L4-5 level was assessed using the Weishaupt grading criteria. CT value of trunk muscle at L3 lower endplate level,trunk muscle area at L3 lower endplate level,skeletal muscle index,body mass index,age and FJOA grade at L4-5 right and left sides were compared between genders. The correlation between the mean value of trunk muscle CT and FJOA grade at the lower endplate level of L3 was analyzed. Results In 109 male patients,the mean trunk muscle was negatively correlated with FJOA grade on the right and left sides of L4-5 (r=-0.25,P=0.002;r=-0.28,P=0.003),while age was positively correlated with FJOA grade on the right and left sides of L4-5 (r=0.23,P=0.034;r=0.21,P=0.033). In 203 female patients,there was a negative correlation between trunk muscle mean and both right and left FJOA grade at L4-5 (r=-0.29,P<0.001;r=-0.33,P<0.001),there was a positive correlation between age and both right and left FJOA grade at L4-5 (r=0.27,P<0.001;r=0.34,P<0.001),and there was a positive correlation between body mass index and both right and left FJOA grade at L4-5 (r=0.20,P=0.018;r=0.23,P=0.004). Partial correlation analysis,controlling for age,showed that the severity of bilateral FJOA at L4-5 was somewhat negatively correlated with the mean value of the L3 trunk muscle in the male and female groups (r=-0.239,-0.249,-0.177,-0.169,all P<0.05). Conclusion Trunk muscle mass at the L3 level is negatively correlated with the severity of FJOA,and FJOA is one of the independent factors of chronic low back pain,strengthening nutritional intake and physical exercise is beneficial to prevent the occurrence and development of sarcopenia,thereby reducing the occurrence and aggravation of FJOA and reducing the burden on patients with chronic low back pain.

Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the major complications of cirrhosis and also the leading causes of death in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Terlipressin is a triglycyl-lysine vasopressin, a synthetic vasopressin analogue that is mainly used for the treatment of acute variceal hemorrhage. This article aims to review the current status of treatment of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding with terlipressin from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the executive function of twin children.

METHODSThe executive function of 122 twin pairs from Chongqing (aged from 6 to 18 years) were investigated with the perseverative errors of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the effects of the additive genetic factors (A), dominance genetic latent factors (D) and individual specific environmental factors (E) on the executive functions.

RESULTSThe effects of D and E on perseverative errors were 0. 77 (95%CI: 0.65-0.84) and 0.23 (95%CI: 0.16-0.35), respectively. The probability of perseverative errors showed a significant negative correlation with family functioning and with the total GHQ-12 scores of the fathers and mothers (r:-0.335, -0.335, and -0.219, respectively, P<0.01). Perseverative errors were not significantly correlated with the parenting styles and stress life events.

CONCLUSIONPerseverative errors are influenced by a common dominance genetic latent factor and individual specific environmental factors, but the role of environmental factors such as family functioning and parental health can not be ignored.

Adolescent ; Child ; Environment ; Executive Function ; Genotype ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Phenotype

Objective Using twins methods to explore the influence of genetic and environmental factor on Intelligence develop-ment of children and adolescent twins .Methods It was 190 pair of twins aged 6 to 18 who lived in Chongqing were recruited ,DNA were extracted from buccal mucosa and venous blood samples to identify zygosity .The intelligence was investigated by using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC) ,the intrapair correlation coefficients of twins were compared and calculate the genetic degrees .Results The total IQ of children aged 6 to 18 heritability were 0 .63 ,Verbal IQ were 0 .44 ,Performance IQ were 0 .57 .The total IQ heritability of children aged 10 to 14 and 15 to 18 years(0 .78 ,0 .79) were higher than that of those aged from 6 to 9 years(0 .018) .Conclusion This study suggested the intelligence of children aged 6 to 18 affected by genetic and environment , and the older ,the more influence of genetic on intelligence development .

Objective To explore the influence of genetic and environmental factors on emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents using twins quantitative method. Methods One hundred fifty-six twins pairs, aged from 6 to 18, were included in the present study. The parental version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)was used to evaluate their emotional and behavioral problems. The DNA test of twin zygosity was conducted using DNA extracted from buccal mucosa or venous blood samples. The influence of genetic and environmental factors on emo-tional and behavioral problems was analyzed using structural equation modeling(SEM). Results Shared environment and special environment had impact on emotional symptoms and their contribution to the total variance of emotional symp- tom was 0.42 and 0.58, respectively. Prosocial behavior was mainly affected by shared environment and the contribution of shared environment to the total variance of prosocial behavior was 0.89. Genetic factors had greater influence on hyperac-tivity/attention deficit and the contribution of genetic factors to the total variance was 0.62. Shared environment had more influence on conduct disorder and the contribution of shared environment to total variance was 0.56. Heredity, shared envi-ronment and special environment had impact on peer problems and their contribution to the total variance was 0.24, 0.33 and 0.43, respectively. Conclusion In child and adolescent period, emotional symptoms are only affected by environ-ment, while behavior problems are affected by the combination of heredity and environment. Different behavior problems are affected by different genetic and environmental factors.

Objective To investigated the role of the autophagy lysosomal pathway in PD cells and the possible molecular mechanisms. Methods A dopaminergic neuronal injury model was induced by 6-OHDA in PC12 cells . Autophagosomes in PC12 cells were examined by transmission electronmicro-scopy( TEM ). The expression of LC3- Ⅱ , Cathepsin B were assayed by western blot analysis. Results TEM revealed that the autophagosomes were increased in PC12 cells after 6-OHDA treatment and appeared apoptosis. The LC3-Ⅱ (2h:52.57 ±2.27,4h:56.83 ±3.51,6h:73.43 ±5.41,12h:103.90 ±2.57,24h: 100.40 ±3.91 )and Cathepsin B expression ( model group: 113.80 ± 4.46; normal group 35.89 ± 3.40) were increased after 6-OH DA treatments (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion The results indicate that autophagy lysosome pathway is involved in 6-OHDA-induced cell death in PC12 cells.