Objective:To compare the efficacy of 18F-AlF-1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-octreotide (OC) PET/CT and MRI in detecting liver metastases (LM) of neuroendocrine neoplasm (NENLM). Methods:18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT and MRI findings (dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and diffusion weighted imaging) of 44 patients (26 males, 18 females, age (53.8±13.4) years) with neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) confirmed by pathological or clinical follow-up in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the size of LM, patients were divided into 3 groups with long diameter ≤1 cm, 1 cm< long diameter ≤2 cm and long diameter >2 cm. According to the 2019 WHO pathological grade, patients were divided into G1, G2, G3 and neuroendocrine carcinoma groups. McNemar χ2 test was used to compare the difference in detecting LM and lesions between the two methods. Results:The detection rate of 18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT and MRI in patients with NENLM was 95.45%(42/44). Among 44 patients, 227 lesions were detected by PET/CT and 303 were detected by MRI. Based on lesion analysis ( n=307), the detection rate of 18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT for NENLM was lower than that of MRI (73.94%(227/307) vs 98.70%(303/307); χ2=66.96, P<0.001). For NENLM with long diameter ≤1 cm, 1 cm < long diameter ≤2 cm, long diameter >2 cm, the detection rates of MRI were higher than those of 18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT (98.72%(77/78), 93.55%(116/124), 97.35%(110/113) vs 47.44%(37/78), 73.39%(91/124), 87.61%(99/113); χ2 values: 5.88-36.21, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with 18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT, MRI has a higher detection rate for NENLM with different long diameters of NEN, especially for lesions with long diameter≤1 cm.

Purpose To explore the relationship between semi-quantitative parameters maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)and target-background ratio(TBR)of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and the activity of Takayasu arteritis.Materials and Methods A total of 110 patients with Takayasu arteritis from February 2016 to December 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT images were retrospectively reviewed.All Takayasu arteritis patients were divided into active(92 cases)and inactive groups(18 cases)according to Kerr score.The region of interest technique was used to measure the SUVmax of the arterial wall,and compares the SUVmax with the average SUV in the center of the inferior vena cava and the maximum SUV measured in the right lobe of the liver to obtain TBRblood pool and TBRliver.The diagnostic efficacy of SUVmax,TBRblood pool and TBRliver in Takayasu arteritis activity was compared using the receiver operating characteristic curve.The relationship between PET/CT parameters and Kerr score,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein was evaluated.Results SUVmax,TBRblood pool and TBRliver in the active group were higher than those in the inactive group[3.70(3.03,5.18)vs.1.45(1.38,1.53),2.50(1.93,3.88)vs.0.91(0.79,1.16)and 1.37(1.00,1.96)vs.0.44(0.39,0.63);Z=5.510-5.900,all P<0.001],respectively.A SUVmax level of 2.65 was shown to be the best predictive cut-off value for Takayasu arteritis disease activity(sensitivity 83.7%,specificity 100%and area under the curve 0.91).A TBRblood pool level of 1.63 was shown to be the best predictive cut-off value for Takayasu arteritis disease activity(sensitivity 83.7%,specificity 94.4%and area under the curve 0.93).A TBRliver level of 0.81 was shown to be the best predictive cut-off value for Takayasu arteritis disease activity(sensitivity 87.0%,specificity 100%and area under the curve 0.94).SUVmax,TBRblood pool,TBRliver were all positively correlated with the Kerr score(r=0.88,0.89.0.90,all P<0.001),among which the correlation coefficient between TBRliver and the Kerr score was the highest.Conclusion SUVmax,TBRblood pool and TBRliver can evaluate disease activity in Takayasu arteritis patients,with TBRliver being the best.

Purpose To explore the relationship between semi-quantitative parameters maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)and target-background ratio(TBR)of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging and the activity of Takayasu arteritis.Materials and Methods A total of 110 patients with Takayasu arteritis from February 2016 to December 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT images were retrospectively reviewed.All Takayasu arteritis patients were divided into active(92 cases)and inactive groups(18 cases)according to Kerr score.The region of interest technique was used to measure the SUVmax of the arterial wall,and compares the SUVmax with the average SUV in the center of the inferior vena cava and the maximum SUV measured in the right lobe of the liver to obtain TBRblood pool and TBRliver.The diagnostic efficacy of SUVmax,TBRblood pool and TBRliver in Takayasu arteritis activity was compared using the receiver operating characteristic curve.The relationship between PET/CT parameters and Kerr score,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein was evaluated.Results SUVmax,TBRblood pool and TBRliver in the active group were higher than those in the inactive group[3.70(3.03,5.18)vs.1.45(1.38,1.53),2.50(1.93,3.88)vs.0.91(0.79,1.16)and 1.37(1.00,1.96)vs.0.44(0.39,0.63);Z=5.510-5.900,all P<0.001],respectively.A SUVmax level of 2.65 was shown to be the best predictive cut-off value for Takayasu arteritis disease activity(sensitivity 83.7%,specificity 100%and area under the curve 0.91).A TBRblood pool level of 1.63 was shown to be the best predictive cut-off value for Takayasu arteritis disease activity(sensitivity 83.7%,specificity 94.4%and area under the curve 0.93).A TBRliver level of 0.81 was shown to be the best predictive cut-off value for Takayasu arteritis disease activity(sensitivity 87.0%,specificity 100%and area under the curve 0.94).SUVmax,TBRblood pool,TBRliver were all positively correlated with the Kerr score(r=0.88,0.89.0.90,all P<0.001),among which the correlation coefficient between TBRliver and the Kerr score was the highest.Conclusion SUVmax,TBRblood pool and TBRliver can evaluate disease activity in Takayasu arteritis patients,with TBRliver being the best.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of 18F-AlF-1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-octreotide (OC) PET/CT and MRI in detecting liver metastases (LM) of neuroendocrine neoplasm (NENLM). Methods:18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT and MRI findings (dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and diffusion weighted imaging) of 44 patients (26 males, 18 females, age (53.8±13.4) years) with neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) confirmed by pathological or clinical follow-up in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the size of LM, patients were divided into 3 groups with long diameter ≤1 cm, 1 cm< long diameter ≤2 cm and long diameter >2 cm. According to the 2019 WHO pathological grade, patients were divided into G1, G2, G3 and neuroendocrine carcinoma groups. McNemar χ2 test was used to compare the difference in detecting LM and lesions between the two methods. Results:The detection rate of 18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT and MRI in patients with NENLM was 95.45%(42/44). Among 44 patients, 227 lesions were detected by PET/CT and 303 were detected by MRI. Based on lesion analysis ( n=307), the detection rate of 18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT for NENLM was lower than that of MRI (73.94%(227/307) vs 98.70%(303/307); χ2=66.96, P<0.001). For NENLM with long diameter ≤1 cm, 1 cm < long diameter ≤2 cm, long diameter >2 cm, the detection rates of MRI were higher than those of 18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT (98.72%(77/78), 93.55%(116/124), 97.35%(110/113) vs 47.44%(37/78), 73.39%(91/124), 87.61%(99/113); χ2 values: 5.88-36.21, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with 18F-AlF-NOTA-OC PET/CT, MRI has a higher detection rate for NENLM with different long diameters of NEN, especially for lesions with long diameter≤1 cm.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Objective:To compare Al 18F-1, 4, 7-trizacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid (NOTA)-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04 PET/CT with 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with initial gastric cancer. Methods:Twenty patients (13 males, 7 females, age: 27-77 years) with histologically proven gastric cancer were recruited prospectively between March 2021 and July 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Each patient underwent both 18F-FDG and Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT within one week. SUV max, tumor background ratio (TBR) and positive detection rate of the two methods were compared (Wilcoxon signed rank sum test, McNemar χ2 test). Results:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 showed higher SUV max and TBR than those of 18F-FDG in primary tumors (10.2(8.0, 13.7) vs 5.2(3.3, 7.7), z=-3.47, P=0.001; 7.6(5.6, 10.3) vs 2.4(1.8, 3.0), z=-3.85, P<0.001). For the detection of primary gastric cancer, the positive detection rate of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT showed the trend of being higher than that of 18F-FDG PET/CT (95%(19/20) and 75%(15/20); χ2=2.25, P=0.125). For assessing lymph node metastasis, the detection rate of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT was higher than that of 18F-FDG PET/CT (78.9%(101/128) vs 64.8%(83/128); χ2=13.47, P<0.001). The SUV max and TBR of Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 in lymph node were higher than those of 18F-FDG (5.3(3.5, 9.2) vs 2.8(1.8, 4.7), z=-7.31, P<0.001; 4.6(2.6, 6.5) vs 1.7(1.0, 3.0), z=-8.44, P<0.001). For the detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis, Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT showed higher peritoneal cancer index (PCI), SUV max, and TBR compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT (PCI: 12.0(3.0, 29.8) vs 5.5(0.5, 17.5), z=-2.22, P=0.026; SUV max: 8.2(4.4, 12.5) vs 2.7(1.9, 4.0); z=-2.52, P=0.012; TBR: 5.1(2.9, 13.3) vs 1.1(0.9, 2.0); z=-2.52, P=0.012). Conclusion:Al 18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT outperforms 18F-FDG PET/CT in primary and metastatic lesions of gastric cancer and might be a potential novel modality for imaging patients with gastric cancer.

Objective:To explore the β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition pattern of subjects with the preclinical Alzheimer′s disease (AD), community-derived amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and normal cognition (NC) from communities of Shanghai.Methods:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 273 subjects (104 males, 169 females; age (64.2±7.6) years) were recruited from Shanghai community and memory clinics from December 2018 to July 2020. All subjects underwent MRI, 18F-AV45 PET imaging and neuropsychological scale tests and were grouped into AD, aMCI and NC groups based on clinical diagnosis. Differences in demographic information, the neuropsychological scale tests′ scores and positive rate of Aβ deposition among each group were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance or χ2 test. Aβ deposition patterns of AD and MCI groups were analyzed at voxel level, and the differences of Aβ deposition among different groups were compared. Results:Among 273 patients, the positive rates of Aβ deposition in AD, aMCI and NC groups were 84.4%(38/45), 36.4%(20/55) and 23.1%(40/173), respectively ( χ2=58.37, P<0.001). Among AD, aMCI, NC and NC (Aβ-) groups ( n=132), the education years of AD group was the lowest ((9.7±4.6) years; F=8.86, P<0.001). In addition, there were significant differences in the scores of several neuropsychological scale tests among AD, aMCI, NC groups and NC (Aβ-) group ( F values: 27.68-235.50, all P<0.001). Compared with subjects in NC(Aβ-) group, the Aβ depositions in the aMCI and AD groups were widely distributed in the whole cerebral cortex; and AD group had higher Aβ deposition in bilateral frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobe, cingulate gyrus and precuneus than aMCI group. Conclusions:The positive rate of Aβ deposition in the preclinical AD population from the Shanghai community is obtained. There are significant different Aβ deposition patterns in subjects at different stages of AD.

Presynaptic dopaminergic PET imaging is a useful method for the diagnosis of parkinsonism. Based on the expert consensus on operation and clinical application of dopamine transporter brain PET imaging technology published in 2020, this paper further recommends the relevant elements of result interpretation of presynaptic dopaminergic PET imaging.

Objective:To compare the clinical utility of 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:From April 2022 to July 2022, 17 patients (14 males, 3 females, age 36-73(54.4±10.1) years) with newly diagnosed HCC who underwent 18F-FDG and 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging within 3 d in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were prospectively enrolled. ROIs were drawn from normal liver tissue (L), abdominal aorta (A), right gluteus medius (M), and SUV max of these regions were compared with the SUV max of primary tumor (T). Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to analyze the data. Results:18F-FDG PT/CT, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT and enhanced MRI detected 1(0, 2), 2(1, 5) and 2(1, 4) tumor lesions of the liver in each patient respectively ( H=7.10, P=0.029), and 18F-PSMA-1007 detected more lesions than 18F-FDG ( P=0.024). Although SUV max of 18F-PSMA-1007 in HCC was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (25.7(17.1, 45.1) vs 6.3(2.9, 12.4); z=3.39, P=0.001), there was no significant difference of T/L ratio between 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging (2.7(2.1, 4.7) vs 1.6(1.0, 4.5); z=0.52, P=0.602). T/A and T/M ratios were significantly higher in 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging than those in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging ( z values: 3.15, 3.53, P values: 0.002, <0.001). 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT imaging found high uptake foci in the liver and ribs in 2 cases, which were pathologically confirmed as bone metastasis of HCC, while those lesions were not found by 18F-FDG imaging. Conclusion:Compared with 18F-FDG, 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT demonstrates higher tumor uptake, more intrahepatic tumors foci and distant bone metastases.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between 18F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) histopathologic classification, including histological subtypes, proliferation activity, and somatic mutations. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 419 patients (150 males, 269 females; median age, 59.0 years;age range, 23.0–84.0 years) who had undergone surgical removal of stage IA–IIIA lung adenocarcinoma and had preoperative PET/CT data of lung tumors. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax), background-subtracted volume (BSV), and background-subtracted lesion activity (BSL) derived from PET/CT were measured. The IASLC/ATS/ERS subtypes, Ki67 score, and epidermal growth factor/anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EGFR/ALK) mutation status were evaluated. The PET/CT semiquantitative parameters were compared between the tumor subtypes using the Mann–Whitney U test or the Kruskal–Wallis test. The optimum cutoff values of the PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters for distinguishing the IASLC/ATS/ERS subtypes were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The correlation between the PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters and pathological parameters was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: SUVmax, BSV, and BSL values were significantly higher in invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) than in minimally IA (MIA), and the values were higher in MIA than in adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (all p < 0.05). Remarkably, an SUVmax of 0.90 and a BSL of 3.62 were shown to be the optimal cutoff values for differentiating MIA from AIS, manifesting as pure ground-glass nodules with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Metabolic-volumetric parameters (BSV and BSL) were better potential independent factors than metabolic parameters (SUVmax) in differentiating growth patterns. SUVmax and BSL, rather than BSV, were strongly or moderately correlated with Ki67 in most subtypes, except for the micropapillary and solid predominant groups. PET/CT parameters were not correlated with EGFR/ALK mutation status. Conclusion As noninvasive surrogates, preoperative PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters could imply IASLC/ATS/ERS subtypes and Ki67 index and thus may contribute to improved management of precise surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy.